Lateral deviation of the great toe (i.e., in the direction of the little toe).

Coxa vara includes all forms of decrease of the femoral neck shaft angle (the angle between the neck and the shaft of the femur) to less than 120 degrees.

The legs angle inward, such that the knees are close together and the ankles far apart.

Underdevelopment of the distal portion of the ulna.

Diminished length of one or more metacarpal bones in relation to the others of the same hand or to the contralateral metacarpal.

Underdevelopment of one or more carpal bones.

An abnormality of the nervous system.

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is characterized by loss of circulation to the femoral head, resulting in avascular necrosis in a growing child. Clinical pictures of the disease vary, depending on the phase of disease progression through ischemia, revascularization, fracture and collapse, and repair and remodeling of the bone. The disease occurs more frequently in boys, and most patients tend to be shorter than their peers. Both familial and isolated cases of LCPD have been reported (summary by Chen et al., 2004).

The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a decreased anterior-posterior diameter. That is, a cephalic index greater than 81%. Alternatively, an apparently shortened anteroposterior dimension (length) of the head compared to width.

A rounded, bulging chest that resembles the shape of a barrel. That is, there is an increased anteroposterior diameter and usually some degree of kyphosis.

An osteochondrodysplasia that results in abnormalities of bone growth in the vertebral column, epiphysis, and metaphysis.

Over curvature of the thoracic region, leading to a round back or if sever to a hump.

An abnormal accentuation of the inward curvature of the spine in the lumbar region.

An abnormally short femoral neck (which is the process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft).

A flattened vertebral body shape with reduced distance between the vertebral endplates.

A type of disproportionate short stature characterized by a short trunk but a average-sized limbs.

Irregularity of the iliac crest, which is the superior border of the wing of the ilium.

The presence of an abnormally thick calvaria.

Underdevelopment of the ischium, which forms the lower and back part of the hip bone.

A cone-shaped appearance of the epiphyses of the fingers of the hand, producing a 'ball-in-a-socket' appearance. The related entity 'angel-shaped' epiphysis refers to a pronounced cone-shaped epiphysis in combination with a pseudoepiphysis at the distal end of a phalanx.

Underdevelopment of the bony pelvis.

Abnormal prominence of the chin related to increased length of the mandible.

Diminished length of the neck.

Absence of fine and sharp appearance of brows, nose, lips, mouth, and chin, usually because of rounded and heavy features or thickened skin with or without thickening of subcutaneous and bony tissues.