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Gonadal tissue inappropriate for external genitalia or chromosomal sex

MedGen UID:
348064
Concept ID:
C1860268
Finding
HPO: HP:0003248

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • Gonadal tissue inappropriate for external genitalia or chromosomal sex

Conditions with this feature

Drash syndrome
MedGen UID:
181980
Concept ID:
C0950121
Disease or Syndrome
WT1 disorder is characterized by congenital/infantile or childhood onset of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), a progressive glomerulopathy that does not respond to standard steroid therapy. Additional common findings can include disorders of testicular development (with or without abnormalities of the external genitalia and/or müllerian structures) and Wilms tumor. Less common findings are congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and gonadoblastoma. While various combinations of renal and other findings associated with a WT1 pathogenic variant were designated as certain syndromes in the past, those designations are now recognized to be part of a phenotypic continuum and are no longer clinically helpful.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Dungan JS, Klugman S, Darilek S, Malinowski J, Akkari YMN, Monaghan KG, Erwin A, Best RG; ACMG Board of Directors. Electronic address: documents@acmg.net
Genet Med 2023 Feb;25(2):100336. Epub 2022 Dec 16 doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.11.004. PMID: 36524989
Padala SA, Barsouk A, Barsouk A, Rawla P, Vakiti A, Kolhe R, Kota V, Ajebo GH
Med Sci (Basel) 2021 Jan 20;9(1) doi: 10.3390/medsci9010003. PMID: 33498356Free PMC Article
Krausz C, Hoefsloot L, Simoni M, Tüttelmann F; European Academy of Andrology; European Molecular Genetics Quality Network
Andrology 2014 Jan;2(1):5-19. doi: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00173.x. PMID: 24357628Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Mary L, Fradin M, Pasquier L, Quelin C, Loget P, Le Lous M, Le Bouar G, Nivot-Adamiak S, Lokchine A, Dubourg C, Jauffret V, Nouyou B, Henry C, Launay E, Odent S, Jaillard S, Belaud-Rotureau MA
Eur J Med Genet 2023 Jun;66(6):104748. Epub 2023 Mar 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104748. PMID: 36948288
Arnold AP
Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022 Sep;18(9):574-583. Epub 2022 Jun 15 doi: 10.1038/s41574-022-00697-0. PMID: 35705742Free PMC Article
Reue K, Wiese CB
Circ Res 2022 Jun 10;130(12):1747-1762. Epub 2022 Jun 9 doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.122.320259. PMID: 35679362Free PMC Article
Rogol AD
Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2020 Jun;184(2):313-319. Epub 2020 Mar 14 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31782. PMID: 32170911
Arnold AP
J Neurosci Res 2017 Jan 2;95(1-2):291-300. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23884. PMID: 27870435Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Zupanič Pajnič I, Mlinšek T, Počivavšek T, Leskovar T
Sci Rep 2023 Nov 22;13(1):20463. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47836-9. PMID: 37993531Free PMC Article
Martí E, Larracuente AM
Proc Biol Sci 2023 Nov 8;290(2010):20231823. Epub 2023 Nov 1 doi: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1823. PMID: 37909083Free PMC Article
Mary L, Fradin M, Pasquier L, Quelin C, Loget P, Le Lous M, Le Bouar G, Nivot-Adamiak S, Lokchine A, Dubourg C, Jauffret V, Nouyou B, Henry C, Launay E, Odent S, Jaillard S, Belaud-Rotureau MA
Eur J Med Genet 2023 Jun;66(6):104748. Epub 2023 Mar 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104748. PMID: 36948288
Hui L, Langlois S
Prenat Diagn 2023 Feb;43(2):131-132. Epub 2023 Feb 4 doi: 10.1002/pd.6323. PMID: 36690923
Zitzmann M, Rohayem J
Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2020 Jun;184(2):302-312. Epub 2020 May 16 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31786. PMID: 32415901

Therapy

Dou DR, Zhao Y, Belk JA, Zhao Y, Casey KM, Chen DC, Li R, Yu B, Srinivasan S, Abe BT, Kraft K, Hellström C, Sjöberg R, Chang S, Feng A, Goldman DW, Shah AA, Petri M, Chung LS, Fiorentino DF, Lundberg EK, Wutz A, Utz PJ, Chang HY
Cell 2024 Feb 1;187(3):733-749.e16. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.037. PMID: 38306984Free PMC Article
Kloc M, Ghobrial RM, Kubiak JZ
Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020;181(8):629-634. Epub 2020 Jun 19 doi: 10.1159/000508560. PMID: 32564017Free PMC Article
Ben-Batalla I, Vargas-Delgado ME, Meier L, Loges S
Semin Immunopathol 2019 Mar;41(2):251-263. Epub 2018 Oct 25 doi: 10.1007/s00281-018-0724-7. PMID: 30361802
Skuse D, Printzlau F, Wolstencroft J
Handb Clin Neurol 2018;147:355-376. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63233-3.00024-5. PMID: 29325624
Bojesen SE
J Intern Med 2013 Nov;274(5):399-413. doi: 10.1111/joim.12083. PMID: 24127938

Prognosis

Schneider CV, Schneider KM, Teumer A, Rudolph KL, Hartmann D, Rader DJ, Strnad P
JAMA Intern Med 2022 Mar 1;182(3):291-300. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.7804. PMID: 35040871Free PMC Article
Ben-Batalla I, Vargas-Delgado ME, Meier L, Loges S
Semin Immunopathol 2019 Mar;41(2):251-263. Epub 2018 Oct 25 doi: 10.1007/s00281-018-0724-7. PMID: 30361802
Cameron EZ, Edwards AM, Parsley LM
Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017 Feb;1389(1):147-163. Epub 2016 Nov 18 doi: 10.1111/nyas.13288. PMID: 27862006
Bojesen SE
J Intern Med 2013 Nov;274(5):399-413. doi: 10.1111/joim.12083. PMID: 24127938
Turleau C
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2008 Feb 19;3:4. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-3-4. PMID: 18284672Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Viuff M, Skakkebæk A, Johannsen EB, Chang S, Pedersen SB, Lauritsen KM, Pedersen MGB, Trolle C, Just J, Gravholt CH
Genome Med 2023 Mar 28;15(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s13073-023-01169-4. PMID: 36978128Free PMC Article
Shahrabi S, Khodadi E, Saba F, Shahjahani M, Saki N
Hematology 2018 Apr;23(3):139-147. Epub 2017 Sep 10 doi: 10.1080/10245332.2017.1375063. PMID: 28889783
Zhang X, Yang J, Li Y, Ma X, Li R
Oncotarget 2017 Jan 17;8(3):3969-3979. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13962. PMID: 27992373Free PMC Article
Weng S, Stoner SA, Zhang DE
Oncotarget 2016 Nov 1;7(44):72356-72372. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.12050. PMID: 27655702Free PMC Article
Mittwoch U
Hum Genet 1992 Jul;89(5):467-79. doi: 10.1007/BF00219168. PMID: 1634224

Recent systematic reviews

Petriti U, Dudman DC, Scosyrev E, Lopez-Leon S
Syst Rev 2023 Jan 16;12(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s13643-023-02169-6. PMID: 36642718Free PMC Article
Rose NC, Barrie ES, Malinowski J, Jenkins GP, McClain MR, LaGrave D, Leung ML; ACMG Professional Practice and Guidelines Committee. Electronic address: documents@acmg.net
Genet Med 2022 Jul;24(7):1379-1391. Epub 2022 May 24 doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.03.019. PMID: 35608568
Babu R, Shah U
J Pediatr Urol 2021 Feb;17(1):39-47. Epub 2020 Nov 12 doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.11.017. PMID: 33246831
Badeau M, Lindsay C, Blais J, Nshimyumukiza L, Takwoingi Y, Langlois S, Légaré F, Giguère Y, Turgeon AF, Witteman W, Rousseau F
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Nov 10;11(11):CD011767. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011767.pub2. PMID: 29125628Free PMC Article
Hartwig TS, Ambye L, Sørensen S, Jørgensen FS
Prenat Diagn 2017 Jun;37(6):527-539. Epub 2017 Jun 1 doi: 10.1002/pd.5049. PMID: 28382695

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