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Croup

MedGen UID:
3668
•Concept ID:
C0010380
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: acute laryngotracheitis; acute laryngotracheobronchitis; Acute Obstructive Laryngitis; acute obstructive laryngitis; croup; Croup syndrome; croup syndrome
SNOMED CT: Croup (71186008); Croup syndrome (71186008)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005722

Definition

Acute upper respiratory airways infection that results in the swelling of the larynx. It is usually caused by parainfluenza viruses. Signs include a characteristic barking cough and stridor. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Acute subglottic laryngitis. Etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical picture.
Mazurek H, Bręborowicz A, Doniec Z, Emeryk A, Krenke K, Kulus M, Zielnik-Jurkiewicz B
Adv Respir Med 2019;87(5):308-316. doi: 10.5603/ARM.2019.0056. PMID: 31680234
Croup: Diagnosis and Management.
Smith DK, McDermott AJ, Sullivan JF
Am Fam Physician 2018 May 1;97(9):575-580. PMID: 29763253
Viral croup: diagnosis and a treatment algorithm.
Petrocheilou A, Tanou K, Kalampouka E, Malakasioti G, Giannios C, Kaditis AG
Pediatr Pulmonol 2014 May;49(5):421-9. Epub 2014 Mar 5 doi: 10.1002/ppul.22993. PMID: 24596395

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Glucocorticoids for croup in children.
Aregbesola A, Tam CM, Kothari A, Le ML, Ragheb M, Klassen TP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Jan 10;1(1):CD001955. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001955.pub5. PMID: 36626194Free PMC Article
Prednisolone Versus Dexamethasone for Croup: a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Parker CM, Cooper MN
Pediatrics 2019 Sep;144(3) Epub 2019 Aug 15 doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3772. PMID: 31416827
Pediatric Dental Surgery Under General Anesthesia: Uncooperative Children.
Campbell RL, Shetty NS, Shetty KS, Pope HL, Campbell JR
Anesth Prog 2018 Winter;65(4):225-230. doi: 10.2344/anpr-65-03-04. PMID: 30715931Free PMC Article
Glucocorticoids for croup in children.
Gates A, Gates M, Vandermeer B, Johnson C, Hartling L, Johnson DW, Klassen TP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Aug 22;8(8):CD001955. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001955.pub4. PMID: 30133690Free PMC Article
Flexible bronchoscopy.
Yonker LM, Fracchia MS
Adv Otorhinolaryngol 2012;73:12-8. Epub 2012 Mar 29 doi: 10.1159/000334110. PMID: 22472222

Diagnosis

Recurrent Croup.
Quraishi H, Lee DJ
Pediatr Clin North Am 2022 Apr;69(2):319-328. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2021.12.004. PMID: 35337542
Acute subglottic laryngitis. Etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical picture.
Mazurek H, Bręborowicz A, Doniec Z, Emeryk A, Krenke K, Kulus M, Zielnik-Jurkiewicz B
Adv Respir Med 2019;87(5):308-316. doi: 10.5603/ARM.2019.0056. PMID: 31680234
Croup: Diagnosis and Management.
Smith DK, McDermott AJ, Sullivan JF
Am Fam Physician 2018 May 1;97(9):575-580. PMID: 29763253
Parainfluenza Virus Infection.
Branche AR, Falsey AR
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016 Aug;37(4):538-54. Epub 2016 Aug 3 doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1584798. PMID: 27486735Free PMC Article
Viral croup: diagnosis and a treatment algorithm.
Petrocheilou A, Tanou K, Kalampouka E, Malakasioti G, Giannios C, Kaditis AG
Pediatr Pulmonol 2014 May;49(5):421-9. Epub 2014 Mar 5 doi: 10.1002/ppul.22993. PMID: 24596395

Therapy

Glucocorticoids for croup in children.
Gates A, Gates M, Vandermeer B, Johnson C, Hartling L, Johnson DW, Klassen TP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Aug 22;8(8):CD001955. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001955.pub4. PMID: 30133690Free PMC Article
Croup: Diagnosis and Management.
Smith DK, McDermott AJ, Sullivan JF
Am Fam Physician 2018 May 1;97(9):575-580. PMID: 29763253
Croup.
Johnson DW
BMJ Clin Evid 2014 Sep 29;2014 PMID: 25263284Free PMC Article
Viral croup: diagnosis and a treatment algorithm.
Petrocheilou A, Tanou K, Kalampouka E, Malakasioti G, Giannios C, Kaditis AG
Pediatr Pulmonol 2014 May;49(5):421-9. Epub 2014 Mar 5 doi: 10.1002/ppul.22993. PMID: 24596395
A different look at corticosteroids.
Zoorob RJ, Cender D
Am Fam Physician 1998 Aug;58(2):443-50. PMID: 9713398

Prognosis

Prediction Model for Croup Admission Need.
Maalouli W, Petersen A, Strutt J, Bergmann KR, Axelrod A, Lee G, Hester GZ
Hosp Pediatr 2022 Aug 1;12(8):711-718. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2021-006389. PMID: 35788350
Endpoints in respiratory diseases.
de Benedictis FM, Guidi R, Carraro S, Baraldi E; TEDDY European Network of Excellence
Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2011 May;67 Suppl 1:49-59. Epub 2010 Nov 23 doi: 10.1007/s00228-010-0922-2. PMID: 21104409
Croup - assessment and management.
Rajapaksa S, Starr M
Aust Fam Physician 2010 May;39(5):280-2. PMID: 20485713
Epiglottitis and croup.
Sobol SE, Zapata S
Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2008 Jun;41(3):551-66, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.01.012. PMID: 18435998
Viral croup.
Knutson D, Aring A
Am Fam Physician 2004 Feb 1;69(3):535-40. PMID: 14971835

Clinical prediction guides

Glucocorticoids for croup in children.
Aregbesola A, Tam CM, Kothari A, Le ML, Ragheb M, Klassen TP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Jan 10;1(1):CD001955. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001955.pub5. PMID: 36626194Free PMC Article
Prednisolone Versus Dexamethasone for Croup: a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Parker CM, Cooper MN
Pediatrics 2019 Sep;144(3) Epub 2019 Aug 15 doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3772. PMID: 31416827
Glucocorticoids for croup in children.
Gates A, Gates M, Vandermeer B, Johnson C, Hartling L, Johnson DW, Klassen TP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Aug 22;8(8):CD001955. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001955.pub4. PMID: 30133690Free PMC Article
Croup.
Johnson D
BMJ Clin Evid 2009 Mar 10;2009 PMID: 19445760Free PMC Article
Viral croup.
Knutson D, Aring A
Am Fam Physician 2004 Feb 1;69(3):535-40. PMID: 14971835

Recent systematic reviews

Glucocorticoids for croup in children.
Aregbesola A, Tam CM, Kothari A, Le ML, Ragheb M, Klassen TP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Jan 10;1(1):CD001955. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001955.pub5. PMID: 36626194Free PMC Article
Safety of corticosteroids in young children with acute respiratory conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Fernandes RM, Wingert A, Vandermeer B, Featherstone R, Ali S, Plint AC, Stang AS, Rowe BH, Johnson DW, Allain D, Klassen TP, Hartling L
BMJ Open 2019 Aug 1;9(8):e028511. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028511. PMID: 31375615Free PMC Article
Glucocorticoids for croup in children.
Gates A, Gates M, Vandermeer B, Johnson C, Hartling L, Johnson DW, Klassen TP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Aug 22;8(8):CD001955. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001955.pub4. PMID: 30133690Free PMC Article
Croup.
Johnson DW
BMJ Clin Evid 2014 Sep 29;2014 PMID: 25263284Free PMC Article
Croup.
Johnson D
BMJ Clin Evid 2009 Mar 10;2009 PMID: 19445760Free PMC Article

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