X-linked intellectual disability, Schimke type

MedGen UID:: 374193
•Concept ID:: C1839320
•: Disease or Syndrome

Synonyms:	Childhood-onset choreoathetosis with spasticity, postnatal microcephaly, growth and mental retardation, ophthalmoplegia, and deafness; Choreoathetosis with mental retardation X- linked; Progressive basal ganglion dysfunction, mental and growth retardation, external ophthalmoplegia, postnatal microcephaly and deafness; Schimke X-linked mental retardation syndrome
Modes of inheritance:	X-linked recessive inheritance MedGen UID: 375779 •Concept ID: C1845977 • Finding Source: Orphanet A mode of inheritance that is observed for recessive traits related to a gene encoded on the X chromosome. In the context of medical genetics, X-linked recessive disorders manifest in males (who have one copy of the X chromosome and are thus hemizygotes), but generally not in female heterozygotes who have one mutant and one normal allele. See: This record X-linked recessive inheritance (Orphanet)

Monarch Initiative:	MONDO:0010729
OMIM®:	312840
Orphanet:	ORPHA85285

Definition

X-linked mental retardation, Schimke type, is characterised by intellectual deficit, growth retardation with short stature, deafness and ophthalmoplegia. Choreoathetosis with muscle spasticity generally appears during childhood. It has been described in four boys, three of whom were from the same family. Transmission is X-linked. [from ORDO]

Clinical features

From HPO

Growth delay

MedGen UID:: 99124
•Concept ID:: C0456070
•: Pathologic Function

A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally.

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Hearing impairment

MedGen UID:: 235586
•Concept ID:: C1384666
•: Disease or Syndrome

A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.

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Spasticity

MedGen UID:: 7753
•Concept ID:: C0026838
•: Sign or Symptom

A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.

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Choreoathetosis

MedGen UID:: 39313
•Concept ID:: C0085583
•: Disease or Syndrome

Involuntary movements characterized by both athetosis (inability to sustain muscles in a fixed position) and chorea (widespread jerky arrhythmic movements).

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Intellectual disability

MedGen UID:: 811461
•Concept ID:: C3714756
•: Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction

Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.

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Secondary microcephaly