From HPO
Cryptorchidism- MedGen UID:
- 8192
- •Concept ID:
- C0010417
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Cryptorchidism, or failure of testicular descent, is a common human congenital abnormality with a multifactorial etiology that likely reflects the involvement of endocrine, environmental, and hereditary factors. Cryptorchidism can result in infertility and increases risk for testicular tumors. Testicular descent from abdomen to scrotum occurs in 2 distinct phases: the transabdominal phase and the inguinoscrotal phase (summary by Gorlov et al., 2002).
Hydronephrosis- MedGen UID:
- 42531
- •Concept ID:
- C0020295
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Severe distention of the kidney with dilation of the renal pelvis and calices.
Clitoral hypertrophy- MedGen UID:
- 57848
- •Concept ID:
- C0156394
- •
- Finding
Hypertrophy of the clitoris.
Hypoplasia of scrotum- MedGen UID:
- 98138
- •Concept ID:
- C0431659
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Apparently small scrotum for age.
Enlarged labia minora- MedGen UID:
- 340305
- •Concept ID:
- C1849358
- •
- Finding
Increase in size of the folds of skin between the outer labia.
Multicystic kidney dysplasia- MedGen UID:
- 811388
- •Concept ID:
- C3714581
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Multicystic dysplasia of the kidney is characterized by multiple cysts of varying size in the kidney and the absence of a normal pelvicaliceal system. The condition is associated with ureteral or ureteropelvic atresia, and the affected kidney is nonfunctional.
Micropenis- MedGen UID:
- 1633603
- •Concept ID:
- C4551492
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Abnormally small penis. At birth, the normal penis is about 3 cm (stretched length from pubic tubercle to tip of penis) with micropenis less than 2.0-2.5 cm.
Talipes equinovarus- MedGen UID:
- 3130
- •Concept ID:
- C0009081
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).
Brachydactyly- MedGen UID:
- 67454
- •Concept ID:
- C0221357
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Digits that appear disproportionately short compared to the hand/foot. The word brachydactyly is used here to describe a series distinct patterns of shortened digits (brachydactyly types A-E). This is the sense used here.
Knee flexion contracture- MedGen UID:
- 98042
- •Concept ID:
- C0409355
- •
- Finding
A bent (flexed) knee joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively.
Short phalanx of finger- MedGen UID:
- 163753
- •Concept ID:
- C0877165
- •
- Finding
Short (hypoplastic) phalanx of finger, affecting one or more phalanges.
Patellar aplasia- MedGen UID:
- 401474
- •Concept ID:
- C1868578
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Absence of the patella.
Atrial septal defect- MedGen UID:
- 6753
- •Concept ID:
- C0018817
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum.
Ventricular septal defect- MedGen UID:
- 42366
- •Concept ID:
- C0018818
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum.
Dysphagia- MedGen UID:
- 41440
- •Concept ID:
- C0011168
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Difficulty in swallowing.
Hearing impairment- MedGen UID:
- 235586
- •Concept ID:
- C1384666
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.
Corpus callosum, agenesis of- MedGen UID:
- 104498
- •Concept ID:
- C0175754
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
The corpus callosum is the largest fiber tract in the central nervous system and the major interhemispheric fiber bundle in the brain. Formation of the corpus callosum begins as early as 6 weeks' gestation, with the first fibers crossing the midline at 11 to 12 weeks' gestation, and completion of the basic shape by age 18 to 20 weeks (Schell-Apacik et al., 2008). Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is one of the most frequent malformations in brain with a reported incidence ranging between 0.5 and 70 in 10,000 births. ACC is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition, which can be observed either as an isolated condition or as a manifestation in the context of a congenital syndrome (see MOLECULAR GENETICS and Dobyns, 1996). Also see mirror movements-1 and/or agenesis of the corpus callosum (MRMV1; 157600).
Schell-Apacik et al. (2008) noted that there is confusion in the literature regarding radiologic terminology concerning partial absence of the corpus callosum, where various designations have been used, including hypogenesis, hypoplasia, partial agenesis, or dysgenesis.
Colpocephaly- MedGen UID:
- 98131
- •Concept ID:
- C0431384
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Colpocephaly is an anatomic finding in the brain manifested by occipital horns that are disproportionately enlarged in comparison with other parts of the lateral ventricles.
Global developmental delay- MedGen UID:
- 107838
- •Concept ID:
- C0557874
- •
- Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Intellectual disability, progressive- MedGen UID:
- 337397
- •Concept ID:
- C1846149
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
The term progressive intellectual disability should be used if intelligence decreases/deteriorates over time.
Periventricular heterotopia- MedGen UID:
- 1766888
- •Concept ID:
- C5399973
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A form of gray matter heterotopia were the mislocalized gray matter is typically located periventricularly, also sometimes called subependymal heterotopia. Periventricular means beside the ventricles. This is by far the most common location for heterotopia. Subependymal heterotopia present in a wide array of variations. There can be a small single node or a large number of nodes, can exist on either or both sides of the brain at any point along the higher ventricle margins, can be small or large, single or multiple, and can form a small node or a large wavy or curved mass.
Congenital hip dislocation- MedGen UID:
- 9258
- •Concept ID:
- C0019555
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Micrognathia- MedGen UID:
- 44428
- •Concept ID:
- C0025990
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.
Hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 10133
- •Concept ID:
- C0026827
- •
- Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Radioulnar synostosis- MedGen UID:
- 57861
- •Concept ID:
- C0158761
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
An abnormal osseous union (fusion) between the radius and the ulna.
Hip contracture- MedGen UID:
- 140815
- •Concept ID:
- C0409354
- •
- Acquired Abnormality
Patellar dislocation- MedGen UID:
- 253896
- •Concept ID:
- C1135812
- •
- Injury or Poisoning
The kneecap normally is located within the groove termed trochlea on the distal femur and can slide up and down in it. Patellar dislocation occurs if the patella fully dislocates out of the groove.
Inferior pubic ramus hypoplasia- MedGen UID:
- 381210
- •Concept ID:
- C1853573
- •
- Finding
Generalized hypotonia- MedGen UID:
- 346841
- •Concept ID:
- C1858120
- •
- Finding
Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).
Hypoplastic ischia- MedGen UID:
- 347146
- •Concept ID:
- C1859447
- •
- Finding
Underdevelopment of the ischium, which forms the lower and back part of the hip bone.
Microcephaly- MedGen UID:
- 1644158
- •Concept ID:
- C4551563
- •
- Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Congenital laryngomalacia- MedGen UID:
- 120500
- •Concept ID:
- C0264303
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Laryngomalacia is a congenital abnormality of the laryngeal cartilage in which the cartilage is floppy and prolapses over the larynx during inspiration.
Pulmonary hypoplasia- MedGen UID:
- 78574
- •Concept ID:
- C0265783
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A congenital abnormality in which the lung parenchyma is not fully developed. It may be associated with other congenital abnormalities.
Delayed eruption of teeth- MedGen UID:
- 68678
- •Concept ID:
- C0239174
- •
- Finding
Delayed tooth eruption, which can be defined as tooth eruption more than 2 SD beyond the mean eruption age.
Downslanted palpebral fissures- MedGen UID:
- 98391
- •Concept ID:
- C0423110
- •
- Finding
The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.
Prominent nose- MedGen UID:
- 98423
- •Concept ID:
- C0426415
- •
- Finding
Distance between subnasale and pronasale more than two standard deviations above the mean, or alternatively, an apparently increased anterior protrusion of the nasal tip.
Wide nose- MedGen UID:
- 140869
- •Concept ID:
- C0426421
- •
- Finding
Interalar distance more than two standard deviations above the mean for age, i.e., an apparently increased width of the nasal base and alae.
Coarse facial features- MedGen UID:
- 335284
- •Concept ID:
- C1845847
- •
- Finding
Absence of fine and sharp appearance of brows, nose, lips, mouth, and chin, usually because of rounded and heavy features or thickened skin with or without thickening of subcutaneous and bony tissues.
Prominent nasal bridge- MedGen UID:
- 343051
- •Concept ID:
- C1854113
- •
- Finding
Anterior positioning of the nasal root in comparison to the usual positioning for age.
Sparse scalp hair- MedGen UID:
- 346499
- •Concept ID:
- C1857042
- •
- Finding
Decreased number of hairs per unit area of skin of the scalp.
Polyhydramnios- MedGen UID:
- 6936
- •Concept ID:
- C0020224
- •
- Pathologic Function
The presence of excess amniotic fluid in the uterus during pregnancy.
- Abnormality of head or neck
- Abnormality of limbs
- Abnormality of prenatal development or birth
- Abnormality of the cardiovascular system
- Abnormality of the digestive system
- Abnormality of the ear
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Abnormality of the respiratory system