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Vaginismus

MedGen UID:
412150
•Concept ID:
C2004487
•
Disease or Syndrome; Finding
Synonyms: Colpospasm; Myalgia of pelvic floor; myalgia of pelvic floor; Pelvic floor myalgia; Spasm of vaginal muscles at intercourse; Vaginal spasm; vaginismus; Vaginospasm; Vulvismus
SNOMED CT: Vaginospasm (79012001); Colpospasm (79012001); Vulvismus (79012001); Vaginal spasm (79012001); Spasm of vaginal muscles at intercourse (79012001)
 
HPO: HP:0030017
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0021723

Definition

Recurrent or persistent involuntary spasms of the musculature of the outer third of the vagina that interferes with vaginal penetration, and which causes personal distress. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVVaginismus

Professional guidelines

PubMed

The Overactive Pelvic Floor (OPF) and Sexual Dysfunction. Part 2: Evaluation and Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction in OPF Patients.
Padoa A, McLean L, Morin M, Vandyken C
Sex Med Rev 2021 Jan;9(1):76-92. Epub 2020 Jul 4 doi: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.04.002. PMID: 32631813
Pelvic floor physical therapy in the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction in women.
Wallace SL, Miller LD, Mishra K
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2019 Dec;31(6):485-493. doi: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000584. PMID: 31609735
Vaginismus: a review of the literature on the classification/diagnosis, etiology and treatment.
Lahaie MA, Boyer SC, Amsel R, Khalifé S, Binik YM
Womens Health (Lond) 2010 Sep;6(5):705-19. doi: 10.2217/whe.10.46. PMID: 20887170

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Vaginismus, Dyspareunia and Abuse History: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Tetik S, Yalçınkaya Alkar Ö
J Sex Med 2021 Sep;18(9):1555-1570. Epub 2021 Aug 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.07.004. PMID: 34366265
Dyspareunia in Women.
Hill DA, Taylor CA
Am Fam Physician 2021 May 15;103(10):597-604. PMID: 33983001
Effects of predisposing factors on the success and treatment period in vaginismus.
Anğın AD, Gün İ, Sakin Ö, Çıkman MS, Eserdağ S, Anğın P
JBRA Assist Reprod 2020 May 1;24(2):180-188. doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200018. PMID: 32301599Free PMC Article
Methodological approaches to botulinum toxin for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain, vaginismus, and vulvar pain disorders.
Karp BI, Tandon H, Vigil D, Stratton P
Int Urogynecol J 2019 Jul;30(7):1071-1081. Epub 2019 Jan 7 doi: 10.1007/s00192-018-3831-z. PMID: 30617506
Interventions for vaginismus.
Melnik T, Hawton K, McGuire H
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012 Dec 12;12(12):CD001760. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001760.pub2. PMID: 23235583Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Vaginismus, Dyspareunia and Abuse History: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Tetik S, Yalçınkaya Alkar Ö
J Sex Med 2021 Sep;18(9):1555-1570. Epub 2021 Aug 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.07.004. PMID: 34366265
Dyspareunia in Women.
Hill DA, Taylor CA
Am Fam Physician 2021 May 15;103(10):597-604. PMID: 33983001
Female Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder: Review of the Related Factors and Overall Approach.
Dias-Amaral A, Marques-Pinto A
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2018 Dec;40(12):787-793. Epub 2018 Nov 14 doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1675805. PMID: 30428492Free PMC Article
Dyspareunia in women.
Seehusen DA, Baird DC, Bode DV
Am Fam Physician 2014 Oct 1;90(7):465-70. PMID: 25369624
Vaginismus: a review of the literature on the classification/diagnosis, etiology and treatment.
Lahaie MA, Boyer SC, Amsel R, Khalifé S, Binik YM
Womens Health (Lond) 2010 Sep;6(5):705-19. doi: 10.2217/whe.10.46. PMID: 20887170

Therapy

Methodological approaches to botulinum toxin for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain, vaginismus, and vulvar pain disorders.
Karp BI, Tandon H, Vigil D, Stratton P
Int Urogynecol J 2019 Jul;30(7):1071-1081. Epub 2019 Jan 7 doi: 10.1007/s00192-018-3831-z. PMID: 30617506
Vulvodynia.
Shah M, Hoffstetter S
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2014 Sep;41(3):453-64. Epub 2014 Jul 9 doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2014.05.005. PMID: 25155125
Understanding and treating vaginismus: a multimodal approach.
Pacik PT
Int Urogynecol J 2014 Dec;25(12):1613-20. Epub 2014 Jun 4 doi: 10.1007/s00192-014-2421-y. PMID: 24894201
Interventions for vaginismus.
Melnik T, Hawton K, McGuire H
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012 Dec 12;12(12):CD001760. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001760.pub2. PMID: 23235583Free PMC Article
Vaginismus: a review of the literature on the classification/diagnosis, etiology and treatment.
Lahaie MA, Boyer SC, Amsel R, Khalifé S, Binik YM
Womens Health (Lond) 2010 Sep;6(5):705-19. doi: 10.2217/whe.10.46. PMID: 20887170

Prognosis

Bio-psychosocial factor of vaginismus in Iranian women.
Banaei M, Kariman N, Ozgoli G, Nasiri M
Reprod Health 2021 Oct 18;18(1):210. doi: 10.1186/s12978-021-01260-2. PMID: 34663378Free PMC Article
Effects of predisposing factors on the success and treatment period in vaginismus.
Anğın AD, Gün İ, Sakin Ö, Çıkman MS, Eserdağ S, Anğın P
JBRA Assist Reprod 2020 May 1;24(2):180-188. doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200018. PMID: 32301599Free PMC Article
The Neurobiology and Psychiatric Perspective of Vaginismus: Linking the Pharmacological and Psycho-Social Interventions.
Kadir ZS, Sidi H, Kumar J, Das S, Midin M, Baharuddin N
Curr Drug Targets 2018;19(8):916-926. doi: 10.2174/1389450118666170222153908. PMID: 28228081
Vaginismus: heightened harm avoidance and pain catastrophizing cognitions.
Borg C, Peters ML, Schultz WW, de Jong PJ
J Sex Med 2012 Feb;9(2):558-67. Epub 2011 Oct 24 doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02535.x. PMID: 22024378
Does vaginismus exist? A critical review of the literature.
Reissing ED, Binik YM, Khalifé S
J Nerv Ment Dis 1999 May;187(5):261-74. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199905000-00001. PMID: 10348080

Clinical prediction guides

A systematic review of diagnostic tests to detect pelvic floor myofascial pain.
Kapurubandara SC, Lowes B, Sansom-Daly UM, Deans R, Abbott JA
Int Urogynecol J 2022 Sep;33(9):2379-2389. Epub 2022 Jul 7 doi: 10.1007/s00192-022-05258-7. PMID: 35796787Free PMC Article
Relationship Between Adult Separation Anxiety and Attachment Styles and Vaginismus.
Unlubilgin E, Tetik S, Aksoy I, Yuksel D, Tekin OM
J Sex Med 2021 Oct;18(10):1752-1758. Epub 2021 Aug 18 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.07.005. PMID: 34417127
Vaginismus, Dyspareunia and Abuse History: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Tetik S, Yalçınkaya Alkar Ö
J Sex Med 2021 Sep;18(9):1555-1570. Epub 2021 Aug 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.07.004. PMID: 34366265
Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review of Outcomes Across Various Treatment Modalities.
Weinberger JM, Houman J, Caron AT, Anger J
Sex Med Rev 2019 Apr;7(2):223-250. Epub 2018 Feb 3 doi: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.12.004. PMID: 29402732
Female Sexual Dysfunction and the Placebo Effect: A Meta-analysis.
Weinberger JM, Houman J, Caron AT, Patel DN, Baskin AS, Ackerman AL, Eilber KS, Anger JT
Obstet Gynecol 2018 Aug;132(2):453-458. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002733. PMID: 29995725

Recent systematic reviews

Lichen Sclerosus and Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Pope R, Lee MH, Myers A, Song J, Abou Ghayda R, Kim JY, Hong SH, Lee SB, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Smith L, Shin JI
J Sex Med 2022 Nov;19(11):1616-1624. Epub 2022 Sep 15 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.07.011. PMID: 36115787
A systematic review of diagnostic tests to detect pelvic floor myofascial pain.
Kapurubandara SC, Lowes B, Sansom-Daly UM, Deans R, Abbott JA
Int Urogynecol J 2022 Sep;33(9):2379-2389. Epub 2022 Jul 7 doi: 10.1007/s00192-022-05258-7. PMID: 35796787Free PMC Article
Vaginismus, Dyspareunia and Abuse History: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Tetik S, Yalçınkaya Alkar Ö
J Sex Med 2021 Sep;18(9):1555-1570. Epub 2021 Aug 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.07.004. PMID: 34366265
Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review of Outcomes Across Various Treatment Modalities.
Weinberger JM, Houman J, Caron AT, Anger J
Sex Med Rev 2019 Apr;7(2):223-250. Epub 2018 Feb 3 doi: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.12.004. PMID: 29402732
Interventions for vaginismus.
Melnik T, Hawton K, McGuire H
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012 Dec 12;12(12):CD001760. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001760.pub2. PMID: 23235583Free PMC Article

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