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Lynch syndrome 8(LYNCH8)

MedGen UID:
412966
Concept ID:
C2750471
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis, type 8; LYNCH8
 
Gene (location): EPCAM (2p21)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0013196
OMIM®: 613244

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Lynch Syndrome
Lynch syndrome is characterized by an increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) and cancers of the endometrium, ovary, stomach, small bowel, urinary tract, biliary tract, brain (usually glioblastoma), skin (sebaceous adenomas, sebaceous carcinomas, and keratoacanthomas), pancreas, and prostate. Cancer risks and age of onset vary depending on the associated gene. Several other cancer types have been reported to occur in individuals with Lynch syndrome (e.g., breast, sarcomas, adrenocortical carcinoma). However, the data are not sufficient to demonstrate that the risk of developing these cancers is increased in individuals with Lynch syndrome. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Gregory Idos  |  Laura Valle   view full author information

Additional description

From MedlinePlus Genetics
Lynch syndrome, often called hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is an inherited disorder that increases the risk of many types of cancer, particularly cancers of the colon (large intestine) and rectum, which are collectively referred to as colorectal cancer. People with Lynch syndrome also have an increased risk of cancers of the stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder ducts, urinary tract, brain, and skin. Additionally, women with this disorder have a high risk of cancer of the ovaries and lining of the uterus (endometrial cancer). Women with Lynch syndrome have a higher overall risk of developing cancer than men with the condition because of these cancers of the female reproductive system. In individuals with Lynch syndrome who develop cancer, the cancer typically occurs in their forties or fifties.

People with Lynch syndrome may occasionally have noncancerous (benign) growths in the colon, called colon polyps. In individuals with this disorder, colon polyps occur at a younger age but not in greater numbers than they do in the general population.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lynch-syndrome

Clinical features

From HPO
Endometrial carcinoma
MedGen UID:
96903
Concept ID:
C0476089
Neoplastic Process
A carcinoma of the endometrium, the mucous lining of the uterus.
Colon cancer
MedGen UID:
2839
Concept ID:
C0007102
Neoplastic Process
A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the colon. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.
Adenomatous colonic polyposis
MedGen UID:
358118
Concept ID:
C1868071
Finding
Presence of multiple adenomatous polyps in the colon.
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma
MedGen UID:
870541
Concept ID:
C4024989
Neoplastic Process

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Garcia-Pelaez J, Barbosa-Matos R, Lobo S, Dias A, Garrido L, Castedo S, Sousa S, Pinheiro H, Sousa L, Monteiro R, Maqueda JJ, Fernandes S, Carneiro F, Pinto N, Lemos C, Pinto C, Teixeira MR, Aretz S, Bajalica-Lagercrantz S, Balmaña J, Blatnik A, Benusiglio PR, Blanluet M, Bours V, Brems H, Brunet J, Calistri D, Capellá G, Carrera S, Colas C, Dahan K, de Putter R, Desseignés C, Domínguez-Garrido E, Egas C, Evans DG, Feret D, Fewings E, Fitzgerald RC, Coulet F, Garcia-Barcina M, Genuardi M, Golmard L, Hackmann K, Hanson H, Holinski-Feder E, Hüneburg R, Krajc M, Lagerstedt-Robinson K, Lázaro C, Ligtenberg MJL, Martínez-Bouzas C, Merino S, Michils G, Novaković S, Patiño-García A, Ranzani GN, Schröck E, Silva I, Silveira C, Soto JL, Spier I, Steinke-Lange V, Tedaldi G, Tejada MI, Woodward ER, Tischkowitz M, Hoogerbrugge N, Oliveira C
Lancet Oncol 2023 Jan;24(1):91-106. Epub 2022 Nov 24 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00643-X. PMID: 36436516Free PMC Article
LaDuca H, Polley EC, Yussuf A, Hoang L, Gutierrez S, Hart SN, Yadav S, Hu C, Na J, Goldgar DE, Fulk K, Smith LP, Horton C, Profato J, Pesaran T, Gau CL, Pronold M, Davis BT, Chao EC, Couch FJ, Dolinsky JS
Genet Med 2020 Feb;22(2):407-415. Epub 2019 Aug 13 doi: 10.1038/s41436-019-0633-8. PMID: 31406321Free PMC Article
Oda K, Hamanishi J, Matsuo K, Hasegawa K
Gynecol Oncol 2018 Nov;151(2):381-389. Epub 2018 Sep 12 doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.09.001. PMID: 30217369Free PMC Article

Curated

UK NICE Guideline NG151, Colorectal cancer, 2021

UK NICE Diagnostics Guidance DG42, Testing strategies for Lynch syndrome in people with endometrial cancer, 2020

American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Genomic Testing (Secondary Findings) ACT Sheet, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM Pathogenic Variants, Lynch Syndrome (Hereditary Non-polyposis Colon Cancer [HNPCC]), 2019

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Post CCB, Stelloo E, Smit VTHBM, Ruano D, Tops CM, Vermij L, Rutten TA, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Lutgens LCHW, Jobsen JJ, Nout RA, Crosbie EJ, Powell ME, Mileshkin L, Leary A, Bessette P, Putter H, de Boer SM, Horeweg N, Nielsen M, Wezel TV, Bosse T, Creutzberg CL
J Natl Cancer Inst 2021 Sep 4;113(9):1212-1220. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djab029. PMID: 33693762Free PMC Article
Ma H, Brosens LAA, Offerhaus GJA, Giardiello FM, de Leng WWJ, Montgomery EA
Pathology 2018 Jan;50(1):49-59. Epub 2017 Nov 21 doi: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.09.004. PMID: 29169633
Møller P, Seppälä TT, Bernstein I, Holinski-Feder E, Sala P, Gareth Evans D, Lindblom A, Macrae F, Blanco I, Sijmons RH, Jeffries J, Vasen HFA, Burn J, Nakken S, Hovig E, Rødland EA, Tharmaratnam K, de Vos Tot Nederveen Cappel WH, Hill J, Wijnen JT, Jenkins MA, Green K, Lalloo F, Sunde L, Mints M, Bertario L, Pineda M, Navarro M, Morak M, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Valentin MD, Frayling IM, Plazzer JP, Pylvanainen K, Genuardi M, Mecklin JP, Moeslein G, Sampson JR, Capella G; Mallorca Group
Gut 2018 Jul;67(7):1306-1316. Epub 2017 Jul 28 doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314057. PMID: 28754778Free PMC Article
Yurgelun MB, Allen B, Kaldate RR, Bowles KR, Judkins T, Kaushik P, Roa BB, Wenstrup RJ, Hartman AR, Syngal S
Gastroenterology 2015 Sep;149(3):604-13.e20. Epub 2015 May 14 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.006. PMID: 25980754Free PMC Article
Bonadona V, Bonaïti B, Olschwang S, Grandjouan S, Huiart L, Longy M, Guimbaud R, Buecher B, Bignon YJ, Caron O, Colas C, Noguès C, Lejeune-Dumoulin S, Olivier-Faivre L, Polycarpe-Osaer F, Nguyen TD, Desseigne F, Saurin JC, Berthet P, Leroux D, Duffour J, Manouvrier S, Frébourg T, Sobol H, Lasset C, Bonaïti-Pellié C; French Cancer Genetics Network
JAMA 2011 Jun 8;305(22):2304-10. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.743. PMID: 21642682

Diagnosis

Mitric C, Salman L, Abrahamyan L, Kim SR, Pechlivanoglou P, Chan KKW, Gien LT, Ferguson SE
Gynecol Oncol 2023 Mar;170:133-142. Epub 2023 Jan 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.12.008. PMID: 36682091
Kim H, Lim KY, Park JW, Kang J, Won JK, Lee K, Shim Y, Park CK, Kim SK, Choi SH, Kim TM, Yun H, Park SH
Lab Invest 2022 Feb;102(2):160-171. Epub 2021 Nov 30 doi: 10.1038/s41374-021-00694-3. PMID: 34848827Free PMC Article
Post CCB, Stelloo E, Smit VTHBM, Ruano D, Tops CM, Vermij L, Rutten TA, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Lutgens LCHW, Jobsen JJ, Nout RA, Crosbie EJ, Powell ME, Mileshkin L, Leary A, Bessette P, Putter H, de Boer SM, Horeweg N, Nielsen M, Wezel TV, Bosse T, Creutzberg CL
J Natl Cancer Inst 2021 Sep 4;113(9):1212-1220. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djab029. PMID: 33693762Free PMC Article
Sinicrope FA
N Engl J Med 2018 Aug 23;379(8):764-773. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1714533. PMID: 30134129
Yurgelun MB, Allen B, Kaldate RR, Bowles KR, Judkins T, Kaushik P, Roa BB, Wenstrup RJ, Hartman AR, Syngal S
Gastroenterology 2015 Sep;149(3):604-13.e20. Epub 2015 May 14 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.006. PMID: 25980754Free PMC Article

Therapy

Sakata S, Larson DW
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2022 Apr;31(2):255-264. Epub 2022 Mar 9 doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2021.11.006. PMID: 35351276
Kim H, Lim KY, Park JW, Kang J, Won JK, Lee K, Shim Y, Park CK, Kim SK, Choi SH, Kim TM, Yun H, Park SH
Lab Invest 2022 Feb;102(2):160-171. Epub 2021 Nov 30 doi: 10.1038/s41374-021-00694-3. PMID: 34848827Free PMC Article
Oda K, Hamanishi J, Matsuo K, Hasegawa K
Gynecol Oncol 2018 Nov;151(2):381-389. Epub 2018 Sep 12 doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.09.001. PMID: 30217369Free PMC Article
Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, Fan E, Brochard L, Esteban A, Gattinoni L, van Haren F, Larsson A, McAuley DF, Ranieri M, Rubenfeld G, Thompson BT, Wrigge H, Slutsky AS, Pesenti A; LUNG SAFE Investigators; ESICM Trials Group
JAMA 2016 Feb 23;315(8):788-800. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.0291. PMID: 26903337
Dudley JC, Lin MT, Le DT, Eshleman JR
Clin Cancer Res 2016 Feb 15;22(4):813-20. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1678. PMID: 26880610

Prognosis

Yurgelun MB, Kulke MH, Fuchs CS, Allen BA, Uno H, Hornick JL, Ukaegbu CI, Brais LK, McNamara PG, Mayer RJ, Schrag D, Meyerhardt JA, Ng K, Kidd J, Singh N, Hartman AR, Wenstrup RJ, Syngal S
J Clin Oncol 2017 Apr 1;35(10):1086-1095. Epub 2017 Jan 30 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.71.0012. PMID: 28135145Free PMC Article
Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, Fan E, Brochard L, Esteban A, Gattinoni L, van Haren F, Larsson A, McAuley DF, Ranieri M, Rubenfeld G, Thompson BT, Wrigge H, Slutsky AS, Pesenti A; LUNG SAFE Investigators; ESICM Trials Group
JAMA 2016 Feb 23;315(8):788-800. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.0291. PMID: 26903337
Dudley JC, Lin MT, Le DT, Eshleman JR
Clin Cancer Res 2016 Feb 15;22(4):813-20. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1678. PMID: 26880610
INSIGHT START Study Group, Lundgren JD, Babiker AG, Gordin F, Emery S, Grund B, Sharma S, Avihingsanon A, Cooper DA, Fätkenheuer G, Llibre JM, Molina JM, Munderi P, Schechter M, Wood R, Klingman KL, Collins S, Lane HC, Phillips AN, Neaton JD
N Engl J Med 2015 Aug 27;373(9):795-807. Epub 2015 Jul 20 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1506816. PMID: 26192873Free PMC Article
Yurgelun MB, Allen B, Kaldate RR, Bowles KR, Judkins T, Kaushik P, Roa BB, Wenstrup RJ, Hartman AR, Syngal S
Gastroenterology 2015 Sep;149(3):604-13.e20. Epub 2015 May 14 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.006. PMID: 25980754Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

PHOSP-COVID Collaborative Group
Lancet Respir Med 2022 Aug;10(8):761-775. Epub 2022 Apr 23 doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00127-8. PMID: 35472304Free PMC Article
Luchini C, Bibeau F, Ligtenberg MJL, Singh N, Nottegar A, Bosse T, Miller R, Riaz N, Douillard JY, Andre F, Scarpa A
Ann Oncol 2019 Aug 1;30(8):1232-1243. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdz116. PMID: 31056702
Møller P, Seppälä TT, Bernstein I, Holinski-Feder E, Sala P, Gareth Evans D, Lindblom A, Macrae F, Blanco I, Sijmons RH, Jeffries J, Vasen HFA, Burn J, Nakken S, Hovig E, Rødland EA, Tharmaratnam K, de Vos Tot Nederveen Cappel WH, Hill J, Wijnen JT, Jenkins MA, Green K, Lalloo F, Sunde L, Mints M, Bertario L, Pineda M, Navarro M, Morak M, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Valentin MD, Frayling IM, Plazzer JP, Pylvanainen K, Genuardi M, Mecklin JP, Moeslein G, Sampson JR, Capella G; Mallorca Group
Gut 2018 Jul;67(7):1306-1316. Epub 2017 Jul 28 doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314057. PMID: 28754778Free PMC Article
Yurgelun MB, Kulke MH, Fuchs CS, Allen BA, Uno H, Hornick JL, Ukaegbu CI, Brais LK, McNamara PG, Mayer RJ, Schrag D, Meyerhardt JA, Ng K, Kidd J, Singh N, Hartman AR, Wenstrup RJ, Syngal S
J Clin Oncol 2017 Apr 1;35(10):1086-1095. Epub 2017 Jan 30 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.71.0012. PMID: 28135145Free PMC Article
Yurgelun MB, Allen B, Kaldate RR, Bowles KR, Judkins T, Kaushik P, Roa BB, Wenstrup RJ, Hartman AR, Syngal S
Gastroenterology 2015 Sep;149(3):604-13.e20. Epub 2015 May 14 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.006. PMID: 25980754Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Mitric C, Salman L, Abrahamyan L, Kim SR, Pechlivanoglou P, Chan KKW, Gien LT, Ferguson SE
Gynecol Oncol 2023 Mar;170:133-142. Epub 2023 Jan 20 doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.12.008. PMID: 36682091
Kang YJ, O'Haire S, Franchini F, IJzerman M, Zalcberg J, Macrae F, Canfell K, Steinberg J
Sci Rep 2022 Nov 28;12(1):20495. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-23319-1. PMID: 36443366Free PMC Article
Aziz A, Ohlsson A
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Feb 3;2(2):CD005254. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005254.pub4. PMID: 32012227Free PMC Article
Luchini C, Bibeau F, Ligtenberg MJL, Singh N, Nottegar A, Bosse T, Miller R, Riaz N, Douillard JY, Andre F, Scarpa A
Ann Oncol 2019 Aug 1;30(8):1232-1243. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdz116. PMID: 31056702
Helder-Woolderink JM, Blok EA, Vasen HF, Hollema H, Mourits MJ, De Bock GH
Eur J Cancer 2016 Mar;55:65-73. Epub 2016 Jan 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.12.005. PMID: 26773421

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Curated

    • NICE, 2021
      UK NICE Guideline NG151, Colorectal cancer, 2021
    • NICE, 2020
      UK NICE Diagnostics Guidance DG42, Testing strategies for Lynch syndrome in people with endometrial cancer, 2020
    • ACMG ACT, 2019
      American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Genomic Testing (Secondary Findings) ACT Sheet, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM Pathogenic Variants, Lynch Syndrome (Hereditary Non-polyposis Colon Cancer [HNPCC]), 2019

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