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Short dental root

MedGen UID:
437181
Concept ID:
C2678330
Finding
Synonym: Short dental roots
 
HPO: HP:0006336

Definition

Tooth root length more than 2 SD below mean, or subjectively apparently decreased tooth root length. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

Conditions with this feature

Dentin dysplasia type I
MedGen UID:
97996
Concept ID:
C0399379
Congenital Abnormality
In dentin dysplasia type I, both primary and secondary dentitions are affected. The color and general morphology of the teeth are usually normal, although they may be slightly opalescent and blue or brown. Teeth may be very mobile and exfoliate spontaneously because of inadequate root formation. On radiographs, the roots are short and may be more pointed than normal. Pulp chambers are usually absent except for a chevron-shaped remnant in the crown (Witkop, 1975). Root canals are usually absent. Periapical radiolucencies may be present at the apices of affected teeth, for reasons unknown. On light microscopic examination of the permanent teeth, the coronal dentin is normal, but further apically becomes irregular, fills the pulp chamber, and has a 'sand-dune' morphology. Scanning electron microscopic studies of the deciduous and permanent teeth have been reported (Sauk et al., 1972; Melnick et al., 1980). Subclassification of Dentin Dysplasia Type I O Carroll et al. (1991) and O Carroll and Duncan (1994) reviewed dentin dysplasia and proposed 4 subtypes of dentin dysplasia type I, which they designated as DD1a-d. In DD1a, there is complete obliteration of pulp chambers and no root development, with many periapical radiolucent areas. In DD1b, there are horizontal crescent-shaped radiolucent pulpal remnants and a few millimeters of root development, with many periapical radiolucent areas. DD1c shows 2 horizontal crescent-shaped radiolucent lines and significant but incomplete root development, with or without periapical radiolucent areas. DD1d is characterized by visible pulp chambers and oval pulp stones in the coronal third of the root canal with bulging of the root around the stones and few if any periapical radiolucent areas. The authors noted that the distinctions between the subtypes of DD1 were primarily useful clinically in terms of treatment options.
Sponastrime dysplasia
MedGen UID:
266247
Concept ID:
C1300260
Disease or Syndrome
Sponastrime dysplasia is an autosomal recessive spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) named for characteristic clinical and radiographic findings, including spine (spondylar) abnormalities, midface hypoplasia with a depressed nasal bridge, and striation of the metaphyses. Additional features include disproportionate short stature with exaggerated lumbar lordosis, scoliosis, coxa vara, limited elbow extension, small dysplastic epiphyses, childhood cataracts, short dental roots, and hypogammaglobulinemia. Radiographically, the abnormalities of the lumbar vertebral bodies are suggested to be the most specific finding because the characteristic metaphyseal striations may not be apparent at young ages. Striking clinical variability in presentation, severity, and associated features has been observed (summary by Burrage et al., 2019).
Singleton-Merten syndrome 1
MedGen UID:
899946
Concept ID:
C4225427
Disease or Syndrome
Singleton-Merten syndrome (SGMRT) is an uncommon autosomal dominant disorder characterized by abnormalities of blood vessels, teeth, and bone. Calcifications of the aorta and aortic and mitral valves occur in childhood or puberty and can lead to early death. Dental findings include delayed primary tooth exfoliation and permanent tooth eruption, truncated tooth root formation, early-onset periodontal disease, and severe root and alveolar bone resorption associated with dysregulated mineralization, leading to tooth loss. Osseous features consist of osteoporosis, either generalized or limited to distal extremities, distal limb osteolysis, widened medullary cavities, and easy tearing of tendons from bone. Less common features are mild facial dysmorphism (high anterior hair line, broad forehead, smooth philtrum, thin upper vermilion border), generalized muscle weakness, psoriasis, early-onset glaucoma, and recurrent infections. The disorder manifests with variable inter- and intrafamilial phenotypes (summary by Rutsch et al., 2015). Genetic Heterogeneity of Singleton-Merten Syndrome An atypical form of Singleton-Merten syndrome (SGMRT2; 616298) is caused by mutation in the DDX58 gene (609631) on chromosome 9p21.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Chen S, Arola D, Ricucci D, Bergeron BE, Branton JA, Gu LS, Tay FR
J Dent 2023 Mar;130:104424. Epub 2023 Jan 16 doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104424. PMID: 36657703
Theodoro LH, Marcantonio RAC, Wainwright M, Garcia VG
Braz Oral Res 2021;35(Supp 2):e099. Epub 2021 Sep 24 doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0099. PMID: 34586213
Patel S, Foschi F, Condon R, Pimentel T, Bhuva B
Int Endod J 2018 Nov;51(11):1224-1238. Epub 2018 Jun 9 doi: 10.1111/iej.12946. PMID: 29737544

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Coşar M, Kandemir Demirci G, Çalışkan MK
Int Endod J 2023 Mar;56(3):318-330. Epub 2022 Nov 22 doi: 10.1111/iej.13870. PMID: 36385378
Ren C, McGrath C, Jin L, Zhang C, Yang Y
J Periodontal Res 2017 Feb;52(1):8-20. Epub 2016 Mar 2 doi: 10.1111/jre.12361. PMID: 26932392Free PMC Article
Manfredi M, Figini L, Gagliani M, Lodi G
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Dec 1;12(12):CD005296. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005296.pub3. PMID: 27905673Free PMC Article
Zitzmann NU, Krastl G, Hecker H, Walter C, Waltimo T, Weiger R
J Prosthet Dent 2010 Aug;104(2):80-91. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3913(10)60096-0. PMID: 20654764
Zimmerli B, Jeger F, Lussi A
Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 2010;120(4):306-20. PMID: 20514558

Diagnosis

Luo Y, Ye H, Liu W, Lv Z, Jia Y, Li C, Zhang Y
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Dec 12;12(12):CD009409. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009409.pub2. PMID: 34897644Free PMC Article
Sagawa Y, Ogawa T, Matsuyama Y, Nakagawa Kang J, Yoshizawa Araki M, Unnai Yasuda Y, Tumurkhuu T, Ganburged G, Bazar A, Tanaka T, Fujiwara T, Moriyama K
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Nov 6;18(21) doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111662. PMID: 34770175Free PMC Article
Cope AL, Francis N, Wood F, Chestnutt IG
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Sep 27;9(9):CD010136. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010136.pub3. PMID: 30259968Free PMC Article
Kocher T, König J, Borgnakke WS, Pink C, Meisel P
Periodontol 2000 2018 Oct;78(1):59-97. doi: 10.1111/prd.12235. PMID: 30198134
Berman LH
Alpha Omegan 2011 Spring;104(1-2):12-7. PMID: 21905362

Therapy

Theodoro LH, Marcantonio RAC, Wainwright M, Garcia VG
Braz Oral Res 2021;35(Supp 2):e099. Epub 2021 Sep 24 doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0099. PMID: 34586213
Teughels W, Feres M, Oud V, Martín C, Matesanz P, Herrera D
J Clin Periodontol 2020 Jul;47 Suppl 22:257-281. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13264. PMID: 31994207
Kocher T, König J, Borgnakke WS, Pink C, Meisel P
Periodontol 2000 2018 Oct;78(1):59-97. doi: 10.1111/prd.12235. PMID: 30198134
Manfredi M, Figini L, Gagliani M, Lodi G
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Dec 1;12(12):CD005296. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005296.pub3. PMID: 27905673Free PMC Article
Zimmerli B, Jeger F, Lussi A
Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 2010;120(4):306-20. PMID: 20514558

Prognosis

Teughels W, Feres M, Oud V, Martín C, Matesanz P, Herrera D
J Clin Periodontol 2020 Jul;47 Suppl 22:257-281. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13264. PMID: 31994207
Patel S, Foschi F, Condon R, Pimentel T, Bhuva B
Int Endod J 2018 Nov;51(11):1224-1238. Epub 2018 Jun 9 doi: 10.1111/iej.12946. PMID: 29737544
Berman LH
Alpha Omegan 2011 Spring;104(1-2):12-7. PMID: 21905362
Zitzmann NU, Krastl G, Hecker H, Walter C, Waltimo T, Weiger R
J Prosthet Dent 2010 Aug;104(2):80-91. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3913(10)60096-0. PMID: 20654764
Zimmerli B, Jeger F, Lussi A
Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 2010;120(4):306-20. PMID: 20514558

Clinical prediction guides

Carbone AC, Joly JC, Botelho J, Machado V, Avila-Ortiz G, Cairo F, Chambrone L
J Clin Periodontol 2024 Feb;51(2):177-195. Epub 2023 Nov 14 doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13900. PMID: 37963451
Coşar M, Kandemir Demirci G, Çalışkan MK
Int Endod J 2023 Mar;56(3):318-330. Epub 2022 Nov 22 doi: 10.1111/iej.13870. PMID: 36385378
Teughels W, Feres M, Oud V, Martín C, Matesanz P, Herrera D
J Clin Periodontol 2020 Jul;47 Suppl 22:257-281. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13264. PMID: 31994207
Gbadebo OS, Ajayi DM, Oyekunle OO, Shaba PO
Indian J Dent Res 2014 Jan-Feb;25(1):58-63. doi: 10.4103/0970-9290.131126. PMID: 24748301
Zimmerli B, Jeger F, Lussi A
Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 2010;120(4):306-20. PMID: 20514558

Recent systematic reviews

Zamparini F, Lenzi J, Duncan HF, Spinelli A, Gandolfi MG, Prati C
Int Endod J 2024 Aug;57(8):1021-1042. Epub 2024 Apr 12 doi: 10.1111/iej.14069. PMID: 38606520
Teughels W, Feres M, Oud V, Martín C, Matesanz P, Herrera D
J Clin Periodontol 2020 Jul;47 Suppl 22:257-281. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13264. PMID: 31994207
Cope AL, Francis N, Wood F, Chestnutt IG
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Sep 27;9(9):CD010136. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010136.pub3. PMID: 30259968Free PMC Article
Ren C, McGrath C, Jin L, Zhang C, Yang Y
J Periodontal Res 2017 Feb;52(1):8-20. Epub 2016 Mar 2 doi: 10.1111/jre.12361. PMID: 26932392Free PMC Article
Manfredi M, Figini L, Gagliani M, Lodi G
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Dec 1;12(12):CD005296. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005296.pub3. PMID: 27905673Free PMC Article

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