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Eclampsia

MedGen UID:
4443
•Concept ID:
C0013537
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Eclampsias
SNOMED CT: Eclampsia (15938005); Toxemia with convulsions (15938005); Eclamptic toxemia (15938005)
 
HPO: HP:0100601
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0001754

Definition

An acute and life-threatening complication of pregnancy, which is characterized by the appearance of tonic-clonic seizures, usually in a patient who had developed pre-eclampsia. Eclampsia includes seizures and coma that happen during pregnancy but are not due to preexisting or organic brain disorders. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVEclampsia

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Postpartum preeclampsia or eclampsia: defining its place and management among the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Hauspurg A, Jeyabalan A
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 Feb;226(2S):S1211-S1221. Epub 2021 Jul 7 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.027. PMID: 35177218Free PMC Article
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): diagnosis and management.
Triplett JD, Kutlubaev MA, Kermode AG, Hardy T
Pract Neurol 2022 Jun;22(3):183-189. Epub 2022 Jan 19 doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2021-003194. PMID: 35046115
Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: a Comparison of International Guidelines.
Sinkey RG, Battarbee AN, Bello NA, Ives CW, Oparil S, Tita ATN
Curr Hypertens Rep 2020 Aug 27;22(9):66. doi: 10.1007/s11906-020-01082-w. PMID: 32852691Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Pre-eclampsia.
Dimitriadis E, Rolnik DL, Zhou W, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Koga K, Francisco RPV, Whitehead C, Hyett J, da Silva Costa F, Nicolaides K, Menkhorst E
Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023 Feb 16;9(1):8. doi: 10.1038/s41572-023-00417-6. PMID: 36797292
Preeclampsia diagnosis and management.
Overton E, Tobes D, Lee A
Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2022 May;36(1):107-121. Epub 2022 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2022.02.003. PMID: 35659948
Pre-eclampsia: pathophysiology and clinical implications.
Burton GJ, Redman CW, Roberts JM, Moffett A
BMJ 2019 Jul 15;366:l2381. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l2381. PMID: 31307997
Pre-eclampsia: pathogenesis, novel diagnostics and therapies.
Phipps EA, Thadhani R, Benzing T, Karumanchi SA
Nat Rev Nephrol 2019 May;15(5):275-289. doi: 10.1038/s41581-019-0119-6. PMID: 30792480Free PMC Article
Pre-eclampsia.
Steegers EA, von Dadelszen P, Duvekot JJ, Pijnenborg R
Lancet 2010 Aug 21;376(9741):631-44. Epub 2010 Jul 2 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60279-6. PMID: 20598363

Diagnosis

Pre-eclampsia.
Dimitriadis E, Rolnik DL, Zhou W, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Koga K, Francisco RPV, Whitehead C, Hyett J, da Silva Costa F, Nicolaides K, Menkhorst E
Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023 Feb 16;9(1):8. doi: 10.1038/s41572-023-00417-6. PMID: 36797292
Preeclampsia diagnosis and management.
Overton E, Tobes D, Lee A
Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2022 May;36(1):107-121. Epub 2022 Feb 10 doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2022.02.003. PMID: 35659948
Pre-eclampsia: pathogenesis, novel diagnostics and therapies.
Phipps EA, Thadhani R, Benzing T, Karumanchi SA
Nat Rev Nephrol 2019 May;15(5):275-289. doi: 10.1038/s41581-019-0119-6. PMID: 30792480Free PMC Article
Pre-eclampsia.
Mol BWJ, Roberts CT, Thangaratinam S, Magee LA, de Groot CJM, Hofmeyr GJ
Lancet 2016 Mar 5;387(10022):999-1011. Epub 2015 Sep 2 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00070-7. PMID: 26342729
Pre-eclampsia.
Steegers EA, von Dadelszen P, Duvekot JJ, Pijnenborg R
Lancet 2010 Aug 21;376(9741):631-44. Epub 2010 Jul 2 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60279-6. PMID: 20598363

Therapy

Prevention of preeclampsia with aspirin.
Rolnik DL, Nicolaides KH, Poon LC
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 Feb;226(2S):S1108-S1119. Epub 2020 Aug 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.045. PMID: 32835720
Prenatal exercise for the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Davenport MH, Ruchat SM, Poitras VJ, Jaramillo Garcia A, Gray CE, Barrowman N, Skow RJ, Meah VL, Riske L, Sobierajski F, James M, Kathol AJ, Nuspl M, Marchand AA, Nagpal TS, Slater LG, Weeks A, Adamo KB, Davies GA, Barakat R, Mottola MF
Br J Sports Med 2018 Nov;52(21):1367-1375. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099355. PMID: 30337463
Aspirin versus Placebo in Pregnancies at High Risk for Preterm Preeclampsia.
Rolnik DL, Wright D, Poon LC, O'Gorman N, Syngelaki A, de Paco Matallana C, Akolekar R, Cicero S, Janga D, Singh M, Molina FS, Persico N, Jani JC, Plasencia W, Papaioannou G, Tenenbaum-Gavish K, Meiri H, Gizurarson S, Maclagan K, Nicolaides KH
N Engl J Med 2017 Aug 17;377(7):613-622. Epub 2017 Jun 28 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1704559. PMID: 28657417
Clinical risk factors for pre-eclampsia determined in early pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis of large cohort studies.
Bartsch E, Medcalf KE, Park AL, Ray JG; High Risk of Pre-eclampsia Identification Group
BMJ 2016 Apr 19;353:i1753. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i1753. PMID: 27094586Free PMC Article
Magnesium sulphate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia.
Duley L, Gülmezoglu AM, Henderson-Smart DJ, Chou D
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010 Nov 10;2010(11):CD000025. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000025.pub2. PMID: 21069663Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Maternal Mortality in Low and Middle-Income Countries.
Lawrence ER, Klein TJ, Beyuo TK
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2022 Dec;49(4):713-733. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2022.07.001. PMID: 36328676
Incidence and Long-Term Outcomes of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.
Garovic VD, White WM, Vaughan L, Saiki M, Parashuram S, Garcia-Valencia O, Weissgerber TL, Milic N, Weaver A, Mielke MM
J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 May 12;75(18):2323-2334. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.028. PMID: 32381164Free PMC Article
Global and regional estimates of preeclampsia and eclampsia: a systematic review.
Abalos E, Cuesta C, Grosso AL, Chou D, Say L
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013 Sep;170(1):1-7. Epub 2013 Jun 7 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.05.005. PMID: 23746796
Epidemiology of pre-eclampsia and the other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Hutcheon JA, Lisonkova S, Joseph KS
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2011 Aug;25(4):391-403. Epub 2011 Feb 18 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.01.006. PMID: 21333604
Do women with pre-eclampsia, and their babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate? The Magpie Trial: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
Altman D, Carroli G, Duley L, Farrell B, Moodley J, Neilson J, Smith D; Magpie Trial Collaboration Group
Lancet 2002 Jun 1;359(9321):1877-90. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(02)08778-0. PMID: 12057549

Clinical prediction guides

Clinical utility of sFlt-1 and PlGF in screening, prediction, diagnosis and monitoring of pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction.
Stepan H, Galindo A, Hund M, Schlembach D, Sillman J, Surbek D, Vatish M
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023 Feb;61(2):168-180. doi: 10.1002/uog.26032. PMID: 35816445
RNA profiles reveal signatures of future health and disease in pregnancy.
Rasmussen M, Reddy M, Nolan R, Camunas-Soler J, Khodursky A, Scheller NM, Cantonwine DE, Engelbrechtsen L, Mi JD, Dutta A, Brundage T, Siddiqui F, Thao M, Gee EPS, La J, Baruch-Gravett C, Santillan MK, Deb S, Ame SM, Ali SM, Adkins M, DePristo MA, Lee M, Namsaraev E, Gybel-Brask DJ, Skibsted L, Litch JA, Santillan DA, Sazawal S, Tribe RM, Roberts JM, Jain M, Høgdall E, Holzman C, Quake SR, Elovitz MA, McElrath TF
Nature 2022 Jan;601(7893):422-427. Epub 2022 Jan 5 doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04249-w. PMID: 34987224Free PMC Article
Clinical tools and biomarkers to predict preeclampsia.
MacDonald TM, Walker SP, Hannan NJ, Tong S, Kaitu'u-Lino TJ
EBioMedicine 2022 Jan;75:103780. Epub 2021 Dec 23 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103780. PMID: 34954654Free PMC Article
Superimposed Preeclampsia.
Guedes-Martins L
Adv Exp Med Biol 2017;956:409-417. doi: 10.1007/5584_2016_82. PMID: 27722963
Early prediction and prevention of pre-eclampsia.
Leslie K, Thilaganathan B, Papageorghiou A
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2011 Jun;25(3):343-54. Epub 2011 Mar 4 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.01.002. PMID: 21376671

Recent systematic reviews

Aspirin Prophylaxis During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Choi YJ, Shin S
Am J Prev Med 2021 Jul;61(1):e31-e45. Epub 2021 Mar 30 doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.01.032. PMID: 33795180
Preeclampsia and Future Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Wu P, Haththotuwa R, Kwok CS, Babu A, Kotronias RA, Rushton C, Zaman A, Fryer AA, Kadam U, Chew-Graham CA, Mamas MA
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2017 Feb;10(2) Epub 2017 Feb 22 doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003497. PMID: 28228456
Clinical risk factors for pre-eclampsia determined in early pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis of large cohort studies.
Bartsch E, Medcalf KE, Park AL, Ray JG; High Risk of Pre-eclampsia Identification Group
BMJ 2016 Apr 19;353:i1753. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i1753. PMID: 27094586Free PMC Article
Chronic hypertension and pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bramham K, Parnell B, Nelson-Piercy C, Seed PT, Poston L, Chappell LC
BMJ 2014 Apr 15;348:g2301. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g2301. PMID: 24735917Free PMC Article
Global and regional estimates of preeclampsia and eclampsia: a systematic review.
Abalos E, Cuesta C, Grosso AL, Chou D, Say L
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013 Sep;170(1):1-7. Epub 2013 Jun 7 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.05.005. PMID: 23746796

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