Supernumerary testes

MedGen UID:: 451023
•Concept ID:: C0266430
•: Congenital Abnormality

Synonyms:	Extra testes; Polyorchidism; Polyorchism; Supernumerary testis
SNOMED CT:	Polyorchism (17471001); Supernumerary testis (17471001); Polyorchidism (17471001)

HPO:	HP:0010470

Definition

The presence of more than two testes. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVSupernumerary testes

Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the genital system
  - Abnormal reproductive system morphology
    - Abnormality of the male genitalia
      - Abnormal male external genitalia morphology
        Abnormal testis morphology
        Supernumerary testes

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Genetic features of the X chromosome affect pubertal development and testicular degeneration in adolescent boys with Klinefelter syndrome.

Wikström AM, Painter JN, Raivio T, Aittomäki K, Dunkel L
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006 Jul;65(1):92-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02554.x. PMID: 16817826

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Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Embryological basis of polyorchidism including classification, reproductive potential, and risk of malignancy: A review.

Pliszka A, Wawrzyniak A, Walocha J, Musiał A, Bonczar M, Ostrowski T, Polguj M, Wysiadecki G, Clarke E, Tubbs RS, Balawender K
Clin Anat 2024 May;37(4):405-412. Epub 2023 Jul 26 doi: 10.1002/ca.24093. PMID: 37493239

Pentaorchidism diagnosed on ultrasound examination: A case report and literature review.

Ojaghzadeh D, Naji P, Ensannezhad A, Mahmoudpour M, Jalili J, Hakimzadeh Z
Andrologia 2022 Jun;54(5):e14389. Epub 2022 Feb 4 doi: 10.1111/and.14389. PMID: 35122296

Bilateral polyorchidism with ipsilateral two undescended testes: a rare congenital anomaly.

Uğuz S, Gürağaç A, Demirer Z, Yilmaz S, Aydur E
Andrologia 2017 May;49(4) Epub 2016 Jul 4 doi: 10.1111/and.12643. PMID: 27373456

Polyorchidism: a three-case report and review of the literature.

Savas M, Yeni E, Ciftci H, Cece H, Topal U, Utangac MM
Andrologia 2010 Feb;42(1):57-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.00957.x. PMID: 20078517

Polyorchidism: a meta-analysis.

Bergholz R, Wenke K
J Urol 2009 Nov;182(5):2422-7. Epub 2009 Sep 17 doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.07.063. PMID: 19765760

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Diagnosis

Pentaorchidism diagnosed on ultrasound examination: A case report and literature review.

Ojaghzadeh D, Naji P, Ensannezhad A, Mahmoudpour M, Jalili J, Hakimzadeh Z
Andrologia 2022 Jun;54(5):e14389. Epub 2022 Feb 4 doi: 10.1111/and.14389. PMID: 35122296

Supernumerary Testis Discovered Upon Workup of a Paratesticular Mass.

Mannas S, Marsh H, Yu Z, Prabhu S, Meenakshi-Sundaram B, Frimberger D, Rensing A
Urology 2021 Oct;156:e144-e146. Epub 2021 Apr 15 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.03.036. PMID: 33865862

Polyorchidism in ultrasound examination: A case report.

Ojaghzadeh D, Mahmoudpour M, Ezzati N, Akhavi Milani A
Andrologia 2021 Feb;53(1):e13832. Epub 2020 Sep 8 doi: 10.1111/and.13832. PMID: 32897591

Polyorchidism: a meta-analysis.

Bergholz R, Wenke K
J Urol 2009 Nov;182(5):2422-7. Epub 2009 Sep 17 doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.07.063. PMID: 19765760

Polyorchidism.

Leung AK
Am Fam Physician 1988 Sep;38(3):153-6. PMID: 3046267

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