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Post-thrombotic syndrome

MedGen UID:
46043
•Concept ID:
C0032807
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Disease, Postphlebitic; Diseases, Postphlebitic; Postphlebitic Disease; Postphlebitic Diseases; Postphlebitic Syndrome; Postphlebitic Syndromes; Syndrome, Postphlebitic; Syndromes, Postphlebitic
SNOMED CT: Post-phlebitic syndrome (410013001); Postthrombotic syndrome (20427003); Postphlebitic syndrome (20427003)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005928

Definition

A condition characterized by a chronically swollen limb, often a leg with stasis dermatitis and ulcerations. This syndrome can appear soon after phlebitis or years later. Postphlebitic syndrome is the result of damaged or incompetent venous valves in the limbs. Distended, tortuous varicose veins are usually present. Leg pain may occur after long period of standing. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPost-thrombotic syndrome

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Deep vein thrombosis: update on diagnosis and management.
Kruger PC, Eikelboom JW, Douketis JD, Hankey GJ
Med J Aust 2019 Jun;210(11):516-524. Epub 2019 Jun 2 doi: 10.5694/mja2.50201. PMID: 31155730
Indications for medical compression stockings in venous and lymphatic disorders: An evidence-based consensus statement.
Rabe E, Partsch H, Hafner J, Lattimer C, Mosti G, Neumann M, Urbanek T, Huebner M, Gaillard S, Carpentier P
Phlebology 2018 Apr;33(3):163-184. Epub 2017 Feb 22 doi: 10.1177/0268355516689631. PMID: 28549402Free PMC Article
Management of occlusion and thrombosis associated with long-term indwelling central venous catheters.
Baskin JL, Pui CH, Reiss U, Wilimas JA, Metzger ML, Ribeiro RC, Howard SC
Lancet 2009 Jul 11;374(9684):159-69. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60220-8. PMID: 19595350Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep vein thrombosis: 2021 update.
Goldhaber SZ, Magnuson EA, Chinnakondepalli KM, Cohen DJ, Vedantham S
Vasc Med 2021 Dec;26(6):662-669. Epub 2021 Oct 4 doi: 10.1177/1358863X211042930. PMID: 34606385Free PMC Article
Thrombophilia, risk factors and prevention.
Campello E, Spiezia L, Adamo A, Simioni P
Expert Rev Hematol 2019 Mar;12(3):147-158. Epub 2019 Feb 26 doi: 10.1080/17474086.2019.1583555. PMID: 30773075
Epidemiology of the post-thrombotic syndrome.
Galanaud JP, Monreal M, Kahn SR
Thromb Res 2018 Apr;164:100-109. Epub 2017 Jul 24 doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.07.026. PMID: 28844444
Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Deep-Vein Thrombosis.
Vedantham S, Goldhaber SZ, Julian JA, Kahn SR, Jaff MR, Cohen DJ, Magnuson E, Razavi MK, Comerota AJ, Gornik HL, Murphy TP, Lewis L, Duncan JR, Nieters P, Derfler MC, Filion M, Gu CS, Kee S, Schneider J, Saad N, Blinder M, Moll S, Sacks D, Lin J, Rundback J, Garcia M, Razdan R, VanderWoude E, Marques V, Kearon C; ATTRACT Trial Investigators
N Engl J Med 2017 Dec 7;377(23):2240-2252. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1615066. PMID: 29211671Free PMC Article
The post-thrombotic syndrome.
Kahn SR
Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2016 Dec 2;2016(1):413-418. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.413. PMID: 27913509Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Post-thrombotic syndrome.
Visonà A, Quere I, Mazzolai L, Amitrano M, Lugli M, Madaric J, Prandoni P; European Society of Vascular Medicine (ESVM)
Vasa 2021 Sep;50(5):331-340. Epub 2021 Mar 15 doi: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000946. PMID: 33720757
A review of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis.
Khan O, Marmaro A, Cohen DA
Postgrad Med 2021 Aug;133(sup1):3-10. Epub 2021 Mar 8 doi: 10.1080/00325481.2021.1892390. PMID: 33618595
The 2020 update of the CEAP classification system and reporting standards.
Lurie F, Passman M, Meisner M, Dalsing M, Masuda E, Welch H, Bush RL, Blebea J, Carpentier PH, De Maeseneer M, Gasparis A, Labropoulos N, Marston WA, Rafetto J, Santiago F, Shortell C, Uhl JF, Urbanek T, van Rij A, Eklof B, Gloviczki P, Kistner R, Lawrence P, Moneta G, Padberg F, Perrin M, Wakefield T
J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2020 May;8(3):342-352. Epub 2020 Feb 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.12.075. PMID: 32113854
Deep vein thrombosis: update on diagnosis and management.
Kruger PC, Eikelboom JW, Douketis JD, Hankey GJ
Med J Aust 2019 Jun;210(11):516-524. Epub 2019 Jun 2 doi: 10.5694/mja2.50201. PMID: 31155730
Venous thrombosis.
Wolberg AS, Rosendaal FR, Weitz JI, Jaffer IH, Agnelli G, Baglin T, Mackman N
Nat Rev Dis Primers 2015 May 7;1:15006. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.6. PMID: 27189130

Therapy

Catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep vein thrombosis: 2021 update.
Goldhaber SZ, Magnuson EA, Chinnakondepalli KM, Cohen DJ, Vedantham S
Vasc Med 2021 Dec;26(6):662-669. Epub 2021 Oct 4 doi: 10.1177/1358863X211042930. PMID: 34606385Free PMC Article
Indications for medical compression stockings in venous and lymphatic disorders: An evidence-based consensus statement.
Rabe E, Partsch H, Hafner J, Lattimer C, Mosti G, Neumann M, Urbanek T, Huebner M, Gaillard S, Carpentier P
Phlebology 2018 Apr;33(3):163-184. Epub 2017 Feb 22 doi: 10.1177/0268355516689631. PMID: 28549402Free PMC Article
Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Deep-Vein Thrombosis.
Vedantham S, Goldhaber SZ, Julian JA, Kahn SR, Jaff MR, Cohen DJ, Magnuson E, Razavi MK, Comerota AJ, Gornik HL, Murphy TP, Lewis L, Duncan JR, Nieters P, Derfler MC, Filion M, Gu CS, Kee S, Schneider J, Saad N, Blinder M, Moll S, Sacks D, Lin J, Rundback J, Garcia M, Razdan R, VanderWoude E, Marques V, Kearon C; ATTRACT Trial Investigators
N Engl J Med 2017 Dec 7;377(23):2240-2252. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1615066. PMID: 29211671Free PMC Article
Post Thrombotic Syndrome.
Busuttil A, Lim CS, Davies AH
Adv Exp Med Biol 2017;906:363-375. doi: 10.1007/5584_2016_126. PMID: 27628001
Management of occlusion and thrombosis associated with long-term indwelling central venous catheters.
Baskin JL, Pui CH, Reiss U, Wilimas JA, Metzger ML, Ribeiro RC, Howard SC
Lancet 2009 Jul 11;374(9684):159-69. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60220-8. PMID: 19595350Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism.
Zuo Z, Yue J, Dong BR, Wu T, Liu GJ, Hao Q
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Apr 15;4(4):CD004437. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004437.pub6. PMID: 33857326Free PMC Article
The 2020 update of the CEAP classification system and reporting standards.
Lurie F, Passman M, Meisner M, Dalsing M, Masuda E, Welch H, Bush RL, Blebea J, Carpentier PH, De Maeseneer M, Gasparis A, Labropoulos N, Marston WA, Rafetto J, Santiago F, Shortell C, Uhl JF, Urbanek T, van Rij A, Eklof B, Gloviczki P, Kistner R, Lawrence P, Moneta G, Padberg F, Perrin M, Wakefield T
J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2020 May;8(3):342-352. Epub 2020 Feb 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.12.075. PMID: 32113854
Epidemiology of the post-thrombotic syndrome.
Galanaud JP, Monreal M, Kahn SR
Thromb Res 2018 Apr;164:100-109. Epub 2017 Jul 24 doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.07.026. PMID: 28844444
Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Deep-Vein Thrombosis.
Vedantham S, Goldhaber SZ, Julian JA, Kahn SR, Jaff MR, Cohen DJ, Magnuson E, Razavi MK, Comerota AJ, Gornik HL, Murphy TP, Lewis L, Duncan JR, Nieters P, Derfler MC, Filion M, Gu CS, Kee S, Schneider J, Saad N, Blinder M, Moll S, Sacks D, Lin J, Rundback J, Garcia M, Razdan R, VanderWoude E, Marques V, Kearon C; ATTRACT Trial Investigators
N Engl J Med 2017 Dec 7;377(23):2240-2252. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1615066. PMID: 29211671Free PMC Article
Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis.
Goldhaber SZ, Bounameaux H
Lancet 2012 May 12;379(9828):1835-46. Epub 2012 Apr 10 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61904-1. PMID: 22494827

Clinical prediction guides

Post-thrombotic syndrome.
Visonà A, Quere I, Mazzolai L, Amitrano M, Lugli M, Madaric J, Prandoni P; European Society of Vascular Medicine (ESVM)
Vasa 2021 Sep;50(5):331-340. Epub 2021 Mar 15 doi: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000946. PMID: 33720757
A review of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis.
Khan O, Marmaro A, Cohen DA
Postgrad Med 2021 Aug;133(sup1):3-10. Epub 2021 Mar 8 doi: 10.1080/00325481.2021.1892390. PMID: 33618595
The 2020 update of the CEAP classification system and reporting standards.
Lurie F, Passman M, Meisner M, Dalsing M, Masuda E, Welch H, Bush RL, Blebea J, Carpentier PH, De Maeseneer M, Gasparis A, Labropoulos N, Marston WA, Rafetto J, Santiago F, Shortell C, Uhl JF, Urbanek T, van Rij A, Eklof B, Gloviczki P, Kistner R, Lawrence P, Moneta G, Padberg F, Perrin M, Wakefield T
J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2020 May;8(3):342-352. Epub 2020 Feb 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.12.075. PMID: 32113854
Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Deep-Vein Thrombosis.
Vedantham S, Goldhaber SZ, Julian JA, Kahn SR, Jaff MR, Cohen DJ, Magnuson E, Razavi MK, Comerota AJ, Gornik HL, Murphy TP, Lewis L, Duncan JR, Nieters P, Derfler MC, Filion M, Gu CS, Kee S, Schneider J, Saad N, Blinder M, Moll S, Sacks D, Lin J, Rundback J, Garcia M, Razdan R, VanderWoude E, Marques V, Kearon C; ATTRACT Trial Investigators
N Engl J Med 2017 Dec 7;377(23):2240-2252. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1615066. PMID: 29211671Free PMC Article
Post Thrombotic Syndrome.
Busuttil A, Lim CS, Davies AH
Adv Exp Med Biol 2017;906:363-375. doi: 10.1007/5584_2016_126. PMID: 27628001

Recent systematic reviews

Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis.
Wang X, Ma Y, Hui X, Li M, Li J, Tian J, Wang Q, Yan P, Li J, Xie P, Yang K, Yao L
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Apr 14;4(4):CD010956. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010956.pub3. PMID: 37058421Free PMC Article
Systematic review of exercise therapy in the management of post-thrombotic syndrome.
Jasionowska S, Turner BRH, Machin M, Onida S, Gwozdz AM, Shalhoub J, Davies AH
Phlebology 2022 Dec;37(10):695-700. Epub 2022 Sep 26 doi: 10.1177/02683555221129738. PMID: 36164708Free PMC Article
Thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism.
Zuo Z, Yue J, Dong BR, Wu T, Liu GJ, Hao Q
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Apr 15;4(4):CD004437. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004437.pub6. PMID: 33857326Free PMC Article
Thrombolytic strategies versus standard anticoagulation for acute deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb.
Broderick C, Watson L, Armon MP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Jan 19;1(1):CD002783. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002783.pub5. PMID: 33464575Free PMC Article
Indications for medical compression stockings in venous and lymphatic disorders: An evidence-based consensus statement.
Rabe E, Partsch H, Hafner J, Lattimer C, Mosti G, Neumann M, Urbanek T, Huebner M, Gaillard S, Carpentier P
Phlebology 2018 Apr;33(3):163-184. Epub 2017 Feb 22 doi: 10.1177/0268355516689631. PMID: 28549402Free PMC Article

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