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Bacterial infectious disease with sepsis

MedGen UID:
482
•Concept ID:
C0004610
•
Finding
Synonyms: Bacteremia; Bacteremias
SNOMED CT: Bacteremia (5758002)
 
HPO: HP:0031864
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005229

Definition

Presence of viable bacteria in the blood. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVBacterial infectious disease with sepsis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Sepsis: Diagnosis and Management.
Gauer R, Forbes D, Boyer N
Am Fam Physician 2020 Apr 1;101(7):409-418. PMID: 32227831
Sepsis: pathophysiology and clinical management.
Gotts JE, Matthay MA
BMJ 2016 May 23;353:i1585. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i1585. PMID: 27217054
Infective Endocarditis in Adults: Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Management of Complications: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association.
Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG Jr, Tleyjeh IM, Rybak MJ, Barsic B, Lockhart PB, Gewitz MH, Levison ME, Bolger AF, Steckelberg JM, Baltimore RS, Fink AM, O'Gara P, Taubert KA; American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and Stroke Council
Circulation 2015 Oct 13;132(15):1435-86. Epub 2015 Sep 15 doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000296. PMID: 26373316

Curated

UK NICE guideline NG51, Suspected sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management, 2024

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

How to best use procalcitonin to diagnose infections and manage antibiotic treatment.
Schuetz P
Clin Chem Lab Med 2023 Apr 25;61(5):822-828. Epub 2022 Nov 2 doi: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1072. PMID: 36317790
How do I manage a patient with enterococcal bacteraemia?
Rosselli Del Turco E, Bartoletti M, Dahl A, Cervera C, Pericàs JM
Clin Microbiol Infect 2021 Mar;27(3):364-371. Epub 2020 Nov 2 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.10.029. PMID: 33152537
Efficacy and safety of cefiderocol or best available therapy for the treatment of serious infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CREDIBLE-CR): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, pathogen-focused, descriptive, phase 3 trial.
Bassetti M, Echols R, Matsunaga Y, Ariyasu M, Doi Y, Ferrer R, Lodise TP, Naas T, Niki Y, Paterson DL, Portsmouth S, Torre-Cisneros J, Toyoizumi K, Wunderink RG, Nagata TD
Lancet Infect Dis 2021 Feb;21(2):226-240. Epub 2020 Oct 12 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30796-9. PMID: 33058795
Utility of Procalcitonin as a Biomarker for Sepsis in Children.
Downes KJ, Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL
J Clin Microbiol 2020 Jun 24;58(7) doi: 10.1128/JCM.01851-19. PMID: 32350044Free PMC Article
Procalcitonin: present and future.
Liu HH, Guo JB, Geng Y, Su L
Ir J Med Sci 2015 Sep;184(3):597-605. Epub 2015 Jul 10 doi: 10.1007/s11845-015-1327-0. PMID: 26159431

Diagnosis

Uses of Procalcitonin as a Biomarker in Critical Care Medicine.
Maves RC, Enwezor CH
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2022 Dec;36(4):897-909. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2022.07.004. PMID: 36328642
How do I manage a patient with enterococcal bacteraemia?
Rosselli Del Turco E, Bartoletti M, Dahl A, Cervera C, Pericàs JM
Clin Microbiol Infect 2021 Mar;27(3):364-371. Epub 2020 Nov 2 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.10.029. PMID: 33152537
Utility of Procalcitonin as a Biomarker for Sepsis in Children.
Downes KJ, Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL
J Clin Microbiol 2020 Jun 24;58(7) doi: 10.1128/JCM.01851-19. PMID: 32350044Free PMC Article
Sepsis in Older Adults.
Rowe TA, McKoy JM
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2017 Dec;31(4):731-742. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.010. PMID: 29079157
Urosepsis--Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Dreger NM, Degener S, Ahmad-Nejad P, Wöbker G, Roth S
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2015 Dec 4;112(49):837-47; quiz 848. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2015.0837. PMID: 26754121Free PMC Article

Therapy

Uses of Procalcitonin as a Biomarker in Critical Care Medicine.
Maves RC, Enwezor CH
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2022 Dec;36(4):897-909. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2022.07.004. PMID: 36328642
How I manage a patient with MRSA bacteraemia.
Davis JS, Petersiel N, Tong SYC
Clin Microbiol Infect 2022 Feb;28(2):190-194. Epub 2021 Oct 29 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.10.014. PMID: 34757117
Efficacy and safety of cefiderocol or best available therapy for the treatment of serious infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CREDIBLE-CR): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, pathogen-focused, descriptive, phase 3 trial.
Bassetti M, Echols R, Matsunaga Y, Ariyasu M, Doi Y, Ferrer R, Lodise TP, Naas T, Niki Y, Paterson DL, Portsmouth S, Torre-Cisneros J, Toyoizumi K, Wunderink RG, Nagata TD
Lancet Infect Dis 2021 Feb;21(2):226-240. Epub 2020 Oct 12 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30796-9. PMID: 33058795
Procalcitonin to Reduce Long-Term Infection-associated Adverse Events in Sepsis. A Randomized Trial.
Kyriazopoulou E, Liaskou-Antoniou L, Adamis G, Panagaki A, Melachroinopoulos N, Drakou E, Marousis K, Chrysos G, Spyrou A, Alexiou N, Symbardi S, Alexiou Z, Lagou S, Kolonia V, Gkavogianni T, Kyprianou M, Anagnostopoulos I, Poulakou G, Lada M, Makina A, Roulia E, Koupetori M, Apostolopoulos V, Petrou D, Nitsotolis T, Antoniadou A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021 Jan 15;203(2):202-210. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1201OC. PMID: 32757963Free PMC Article
Urosepsis--Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Dreger NM, Degener S, Ahmad-Nejad P, Wöbker G, Roth S
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2015 Dec 4;112(49):837-47; quiz 848. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2015.0837. PMID: 26754121Free PMC Article

Prognosis

AACC Guidance Document on the Clinical Use of Procalcitonin.
Chambliss AB, Patel K, Colón-Franco JM, Hayden J, Katz SE, Minejima E, Woodworth A
J Appl Lab Med 2023 May 4;8(3):598-634. doi: 10.1093/jalm/jfad007. PMID: 37140163
The Evolving Challenge of Infections in Cirrhosis.
Bajaj JS, Kamath PS, Reddy KR
N Engl J Med 2021 Jun 17;384(24):2317-2330. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2021808. PMID: 34133861
Neonatal sepsis: within and beyond China.
Dong Y, Basmaci R, Titomanlio L, Sun B, Mercier JC
Chin Med J (Engl) 2020 Sep 20;133(18):2219-2228. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000935. PMID: 32826609Free PMC Article
Incidence, prevalence, and management of MRSA bacteremia across patient populations-a review of recent developments in MRSA management and treatment.
Hassoun A, Linden PK, Friedman B
Crit Care 2017 Aug 14;21(1):211. doi: 10.1186/s13054-017-1801-3. PMID: 28807042Free PMC Article
Immunopathogenesis of abdominal sepsis.
Weber GF, Swirski FK
Langenbecks Arch Surg 2014 Jan;399(1):1-9. doi: 10.1007/s00423-013-1129-7. PMID: 24121723

Clinical prediction guides

AACC Guidance Document on the Clinical Use of Procalcitonin.
Chambliss AB, Patel K, Colón-Franco JM, Hayden J, Katz SE, Minejima E, Woodworth A
J Appl Lab Med 2023 May 4;8(3):598-634. doi: 10.1093/jalm/jfad007. PMID: 37140163
How to best use procalcitonin to diagnose infections and manage antibiotic treatment.
Schuetz P
Clin Chem Lab Med 2023 Apr 25;61(5):822-828. Epub 2022 Nov 2 doi: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1072. PMID: 36317790
Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: Current treatment.
Miranda-Zazueta G, León-Garduño LAP, Aguirre-Valadez J, Torre-Delgadillo A
Ann Hepatol 2020 May-Jun;19(3):238-244. Epub 2019 Nov 21 doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.09.011. PMID: 32317149
The DENOVA score efficiently identifies patients with monomicrobial Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia where echocardiography is not necessary.
Berge A, Krantz A, Östlund H, Nauclér P, Rasmussen M
Infection 2019 Feb;47(1):45-50. Epub 2018 Sep 3 doi: 10.1007/s15010-018-1208-3. PMID: 30178077
Prevalence of Sepsis and Possible Severe Bacterial Infection among Neonates in Nepal.
Shrestha G, Mulmi R, Joshi N, Shrestha PR
J Nepal Health Res Counc 2018 Mar 13;16(1):1-5. PMID: 29717280

Recent systematic reviews

Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bai AD, Lo CKL, Komorowski AS, Suresh M, Guo K, Garg A, Tandon P, Senecal J, Del Corpo O, Stefanova I, Fogarty C, Butler-Laporte G, McDonald EG, Cheng MP, Morris AM, Loeb M, Lee TC
Clin Microbiol Infect 2022 Aug;28(8):1076-1084. Epub 2022 Mar 23 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.03.015. PMID: 35339678
Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis.
Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators
Lancet 2022 Feb 12;399(10325):629-655. Epub 2022 Jan 19 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0. PMID: 35065702Free PMC Article
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) guidelines for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (endorsed by European society of intensive care medicine).
Paul M, Carrara E, Retamar P, Tängdén T, Bitterman R, Bonomo RA, de Waele J, Daikos GL, Akova M, Harbarth S, Pulcini C, Garnacho-Montero J, Seme K, Tumbarello M, Lindemann PC, Gandra S, Yu Y, Bassetti M, Mouton JW, Tacconelli E, Rodríguez-Baño J
Clin Microbiol Infect 2022 Apr;28(4):521-547. Epub 2021 Dec 16 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.11.025. PMID: 34923128
Oral Is the New IV. Challenging Decades of Blood and Bone Infection Dogma: A Systematic Review.
Wald-Dickler N, Holtom PD, Phillips MC, Centor RM, Lee RA, Baden R, Spellberg B
Am J Med 2022 Mar;135(3):369-379.e1. Epub 2021 Oct 27 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.10.007. PMID: 34715060Free PMC Article
Polyspecific Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Clindamycin-treated Patients With Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Parks T, Wilson C, Curtis N, Norrby-Teglund A, Sriskandan S
Clin Infect Dis 2018 Oct 15;67(9):1434-1436. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy401. PMID: 29788397Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
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      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Curated

    • NICE, 2024
      UK NICE guideline NG51, Suspected sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management, 2024

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

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