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Pigment incontinence

MedGen UID:
482145
•Concept ID:
C3280515
•
Finding
Synonym: Pigmentary incontinence in the papillary dermis
 
HPO: HP:0034572

Definition

A process in which melanosomes (melanin granules) are deposited in the dermis. The dermal melanosomes are observed to be mainly in macrophages. This phenomenon of pigmentary incontinence usually follows an inflammatory process with the basic feature of basal cell damage, such as in lichen planus, lupus erythematosus, Riehl's melanosis, incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger), and fixed drug eruption. Incontinence of pigment, or dropping off of epidermal melanin into the dermis, frequently produces a clinically recognizable and characteristic slate-gray pigmentation. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPigment incontinence

Conditions with this feature

Inflammatory poikiloderma with hair abnormalities and acral keratoses
MedGen UID:
1824066
•Concept ID:
C5774293
•
Disease or Syndrome
Inflammatory poikiloderma with hair abnormalities and acral keratoses (IPHAK) is characterized by mottled hyper- and hypopigmentation of the skin as well as sparse scalp hair and eyelashes, sparse or absent eyebrows, and palmoplantar keratoses (Han et al., 2022).
See: Condition Record
Inflammatory poikiloderma with hair abnormalities and acral keratoses

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of trichloroacetic acid 70% after microneedling vs intradermal injection of 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of nonsegmental vitiligo; A prospective comparative study.
Khater M, Nasr M, Salah S, Khattab FM
Dermatol Ther 2020 Jul;33(4):e13532. Epub 2020 May 22 doi: 10.1111/dth.13532. PMID: 32379374
In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy for evaluating melanoma of the lip and its differential diagnoses.
Maher NG, Solinas A, Scolyer RA, Guitera P
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017 Jan;123(1):84-94. Epub 2016 Aug 24 doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.08.011. PMID: 27720652

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of trichloroacetic acid 70% after microneedling vs intradermal injection of 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of nonsegmental vitiligo; A prospective comparative study.
Khater M, Nasr M, Salah S, Khattab FM
Dermatol Ther 2020 Jul;33(4):e13532. Epub 2020 May 22 doi: 10.1111/dth.13532. PMID: 32379374
Pushing and loss of elastic fibers are highly specific for melanoma and rare in melanocytic nevi.
Stillhard A, Cazzaniga S, Borradori L, Beltraminelli H
Arch Dermatol Res 2019 Mar;311(2):99-107. Epub 2018 Dec 13 doi: 10.1007/s00403-018-1885-x. PMID: 30547366
Linear porokeratosis.
Malhotra SK, Puri KJ, Goyal T, Chahal KS
Dermatol Online J 2007 Oct 13;13(4):15. PMID: 18319012
Persistent supravenous erythematous eruption: a rare local complication of intravenous 5-fluorouracil therapy.
Pujol RM, Rocamora V, Lopez-Pousa A, Taberner R, Alomar A
J Am Acad Dermatol 1998 Nov;39(5 Pt 2):839-42. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(98)70361-5. PMID: 9810911
Pigmenting pityriasis alba.
du Toit MJ, Jordaan HF
Pediatr Dermatol 1993 Mar;10(1):1-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1993.tb00001.x. PMID: 8493158

Diagnosis

An intertriginous hyperpigmented macular eruption.
Harnett C, Meah N, Low SE, Eustace K
Clin Exp Dermatol 2022 Dec;47(12):2327-2329. Epub 2022 Oct 14 doi: 10.1111/ced.15363. PMID: 36239333
Neutrophils in Fixed Drug Eruptions: Correction of a Mistaken Hypothesis.
Li A, Kazlouskaya V
Am J Dermatopathol 2022 Feb 1;44(2):106-110. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002038. PMID: 35076426
Linear porokeratosis.
Malhotra SK, Puri KJ, Goyal T, Chahal KS
Dermatol Online J 2007 Oct 13;13(4):15. PMID: 18319012
Pigmenting pityriasis alba.
du Toit MJ, Jordaan HF
Pediatr Dermatol 1993 Mar;10(1):1-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1993.tb00001.x. PMID: 8493158
Collagen diseases.
Golitz LE
J Cutan Pathol 1985 Jun-Aug;12(3-4):358-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1985.tb01639.x. PMID: 4019871

Therapy

Talimogene laherparepvec pseudolymphomatous reaction mimicking metastatic melanoma.
Henning A, Agnese D, Chung CG
J Cutan Pathol 2021 Nov;48(11):1423-1426. Epub 2021 Jul 8 doi: 10.1111/cup.14094. PMID: 34189749
Optimizing Q-switched lasers for melasma and acquired dermal melanoses.
Aurangabadkar SJ
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2019 Jan-Feb;85(1):10-17. doi: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_1086_16. PMID: 30027914
Zoledronic Acid-Induced Interface Dermatitis.
Succaria F, Collier M, Mahalingam M
Am J Dermatopathol 2015 Dec;37(12):933-5. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000000341. PMID: 26588338Free PMC Article
Pigmenting pityriasis alba.
du Toit MJ, Jordaan HF
Pediatr Dermatol 1993 Mar;10(1):1-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1993.tb00001.x. PMID: 8493158
Riehl's melanosis.
rorsman H
Int J Dermatol 1982 Mar;21(2):75-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1982.tb00500.x. PMID: 7068304

Prognosis

Oral lichen planus-like lesions in skin of color: a review.
De D, Jain S, Dev A, Chatterjee D
Int J Dermatol 2024 Nov;63(11):1503-1512. Epub 2024 Jun 21 doi: 10.1111/ijd.17341. PMID: 39425594
Erythema Ab Igne: A Clinical Review.
Harview CL, Krenitsky A
Cutis 2023 Apr;111(4):E33-E38. doi: 10.12788/cutis.0771. PMID: 37289686
Hyperpigmented Mycosis Fungoides - A Rare Entity.
Balić A, Jerković Gulin S, Čeović R, Ilić I, Radoš J
Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2019 Jun;27(2):131-132. PMID: 31351512
Persistent supravenous erythematous eruption: a rare local complication of intravenous 5-fluorouracil therapy.
Pujol RM, Rocamora V, Lopez-Pousa A, Taberner R, Alomar A
J Am Acad Dermatol 1998 Nov;39(5 Pt 2):839-42. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(98)70361-5. PMID: 9810911
Pigmenting pityriasis alba.
du Toit MJ, Jordaan HF
Pediatr Dermatol 1993 Mar;10(1):1-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1993.tb00001.x. PMID: 8493158

Clinical prediction guides

A case of latanoprost-induced diffuse facial skin hyperpigmentation.
Kim HY, Lee SK, Lee JH, Suh JH, Kim MS, Lee UH
J Cosmet Dermatol 2019 Dec;18(6):1717-1720. Epub 2019 Mar 28 doi: 10.1111/jocd.12920. PMID: 30924263
Chronic granulomatous dermatitis induced by talimogene laherparepvec therapy of melanoma metastases.
Everett AS, Pavlidakey PG, Contreras CM, De Los Santos JF, Kim JY, McKee SB, Kaufman HL, Conry RM
J Cutan Pathol 2018 Jan;45(1):48-53. Epub 2017 Oct 26 doi: 10.1111/cup.13048. PMID: 28940544
Persistent supravenous erythematous eruption: a rare local complication of intravenous 5-fluorouracil therapy.
Pujol RM, Rocamora V, Lopez-Pousa A, Taberner R, Alomar A
J Am Acad Dermatol 1998 Nov;39(5 Pt 2):839-42. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(98)70361-5. PMID: 9810911
Riehl's melanosis.
rorsman H
Int J Dermatol 1982 Mar;21(2):75-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1982.tb00500.x. PMID: 7068304
Malignant melanoma with melanosis. Ultrastructural and histological studies.
Rowden G, Sulica VI, Butler TP, Manz HJ
J Cutan Pathol 1980 Jun;7(3):125-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1980.tb01191.x. PMID: 7440812

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