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Cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type 1B(ARCL1B)

MedGen UID:
482428
Concept ID:
C3280798
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: ARCL1B; CUTIS LAXA, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE, TYPE IB
 
Gene (location): EFEMP2 (11q13.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0013754
OMIM®: 614437

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: EFEMP2-Related Cutis Laxa
EFEMP2-related cutis laxa, or autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 1B (ARCL1B), is characterized by cutis laxa and systemic involvement, most commonly arterial tortuosity, aneurysms, and stenosis; retrognathia; joint laxity; and arachnodactyly. Severity ranges from perinatal lethality as a result of cardiopulmonary failure to manifestations limited to the vascular and craniofacial systems. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Bart Loeys  |  Anne De Paepe  |  Zsolt Urban   view full author information

Additional description

From OMIM
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type IB (ARCL1B) is characterized by the presence of severe systemic connective tissue abnormalities, including emphysema, cardiopulmonary insufficiency, birth fractures, arachnodactyly, and fragility of blood vessels. All symptoms refer to disturbed elastic fiber formation (summary by Hoyer et al., 2009). For a complete phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive cutis laxa, see ARCL1A (219100).  http://www.omim.org/entry/614437

Clinical features

From HPO
Arachnodactyly
MedGen UID:
2047
Concept ID:
C0003706
Congenital Abnormality
Abnormally long and slender fingers ("spider fingers").
Aortic aneurysm
MedGen UID:
362
Concept ID:
C0003486
Disease or Syndrome
Aortic dilatation refers to a dimension that is greater than the 95th percentile for the normal person age, sex and body size. In contrast, an aneurysm is defined as a localized dilation of the aorta that is more than 150 percent of predicted (ratio of observed to expected diameter 1.5 or more). Aneurysm should be distinguished from ectasia, which represents a diffuse dilation of the aorta less than 50 percent of normal aorta diameter.
Pulmonary insufficiency
MedGen UID:
11031
Concept ID:
C0034088
Pathologic Function
The retrograde (backwards) flow of blood through the pulmonary valve into the right ventricle during diastole.
Pulmonary artery aneurysm
MedGen UID:
57839
Concept ID:
C0155676
Finding
An aneurysm (severe localized balloon-like outward bulging) in the pulmonary artery.
Pulmonary artery dilatation
MedGen UID:
140900
Concept ID:
C0428851
Disease or Syndrome
An abnormal widening of the diameter of the pulmonary artery.
Bradycardia
MedGen UID:
140901
Concept ID:
C0428977
Finding
A slower than normal heart rate (in adults, slower than 60 beats per minute).
Generalized arterial tortuosity
MedGen UID:
322965
Concept ID:
C1836651
Finding
Abnormal tortuous (i.e., twisted) form of arteries affecting most or all arteries.
Arterial tortuosity
MedGen UID:
480821
Concept ID:
C3279191
Finding
Abnormal tortuous (i.e., twisted) form of arteries.
Overgrowth
MedGen UID:
376550
Concept ID:
C1849265
Finding
Excessive postnatal growth which may comprise increased weight, increased length, and/or increased head circumference.
Low-set ears
MedGen UID:
65980
Concept ID:
C0239234
Congenital Abnormality
Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.
Abnormal pinna morphology
MedGen UID:
167800
Concept ID:
C0857379
Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality of the pinna, which is also referred to as the auricle or external ear.
Inguinal hernia
MedGen UID:
6817
Concept ID:
C0019294
Finding
Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.
Micrognathia
MedGen UID:
44428
Concept ID:
C0025990
Congenital Abnormality
Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
MedGen UID:
68625
Concept ID:
C0235833
Congenital Abnormality
The presence of a hernia of the diaphragm present at birth.
Joint hypermobility
MedGen UID:
336793
Concept ID:
C1844820
Finding
The ability of a joint to move beyond its normal range of motion.
Generalized hypotonia
MedGen UID:
346841
Concept ID:
C1858120
Finding
Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).
Pectus excavatum
MedGen UID:
781174
Concept ID:
C2051831
Finding
A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance.
Prominence of the premaxilla
MedGen UID:
412683
Concept ID:
C2749369
Finding
Prominent positioning of the premaxilla in relation to the rest of the maxilla, the facial skeleton, or mandible. Not necessarily caused by an increase in size (hypertrophy of) the premaxilla.
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
Concept ID:
C4551563
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Emphysema
MedGen UID:
18764
Concept ID:
C0034067
Disease or Syndrome
A subcategory of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It occurs in people who smoke and suffer from chronic bronchitis. It is characterized by inflation of the alveoli, alveolar wall damage, and reduction in the number of alveoli, resulting in difficulty breathing.
Convex nasal ridge
MedGen UID:
66809
Concept ID:
C0240538
Finding
Nasal ridge curving anteriorly to an imaginary line that connects the nasal root and tip. The nose appears often also prominent, and the columella low.
Bulbous nose
MedGen UID:
66013
Concept ID:
C0240543
Finding
Increased volume and globular shape of the anteroinferior aspect of the nose.
High palate
MedGen UID:
66814
Concept ID:
C0240635
Congenital Abnormality
Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).
Downslanted palpebral fissures
MedGen UID:
98391
Concept ID:
C0423110
Finding
The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.
Depressed nasal bridge
MedGen UID:
373112
Concept ID:
C1836542
Finding
Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.
Prominent forehead
MedGen UID:
373291
Concept ID:
C1837260
Finding
Forward prominence of the entire forehead, due to protrusion of the frontal bone.
Narrow palpebral fissure
MedGen UID:
382506
Concept ID:
C2675021
Finding
Reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids.
Cutis laxa
MedGen UID:
8206
Concept ID:
C0010495
Disease or Syndrome
Wrinkled, redundant, inelastic and sagging skin.
Soft skin
MedGen UID:
336730
Concept ID:
C1844592
Finding
Subjective impression of increased softness upon palpation of the skin.
Oligohydramnios
MedGen UID:
86974
Concept ID:
C0079924
Pathologic Function
Diminished amniotic fluid volume in pregnancy.
Proptosis
MedGen UID:
41917
Concept ID:
C0015300
Disease or Syndrome
An eye that is protruding anterior to the plane of the face to a greater extent than is typical.
Hypertelorism
MedGen UID:
9373
Concept ID:
C0020534
Finding
Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).

Term Hierarchy

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Hebson C, Coleman K, Clabby M, Sallee D, Shankar S, Loeys B, Van Laer L, Kogon B
Eur J Pediatr 2014 May;173(5):671-5. Epub 2013 Nov 26 doi: 10.1007/s00431-013-2217-y. PMID: 24276535

Diagnosis

Hibino M, Sakai Y, Kato W, Tanaka K, Tajima K, Yokoyama T, Iwasa M, Morisaki H, Tsuzuki T, Usui A
Ann Thorac Surg 2018 Feb;105(2):e59-e61. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.08.041. PMID: 29362193
Hebson C, Coleman K, Clabby M, Sallee D, Shankar S, Loeys B, Van Laer L, Kogon B
Eur J Pediatr 2014 May;173(5):671-5. Epub 2013 Nov 26 doi: 10.1007/s00431-013-2217-y. PMID: 24276535

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