U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Paralytic strabismus

MedGen UID:
508935
•Concept ID:
C0152221
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: incomitant dissociation; Neurogenic strabismus; Paralytic squint; paralytic squint; paralytic strabismus
SNOMED CT: Paralytic strabismus (400942002); Paralytic squint (400942002)
 
HPO: HP:0031775
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0001143

Definition

An ocular deviation caused by a palsy to one or more of the extraocular muscles or nerves supplying them. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVParalytic strabismus

Professional guidelines

PubMed

The Effect of Different Treatment Methods on Acute Acquired Concomitant Esotropia.
Huang X, Meng Y, Hu X, Zhao Y, Ye M, Yi B, Zhou L
Comput Math Methods Med 2022;2022:5001594. Epub 2022 Apr 23 doi: 10.1155/2022/5001594. PMID: 35502413Free PMC Article
The role of drug treatment in children with strabismus and amblyopia.
Chatzistefanou KI, Mills MD
Paediatr Drugs 2000 Mar-Apr;2(2):91-100. doi: 10.2165/00148581-200002020-00002. PMID: 10937461
Management of non-paralytic strabismus in infants, with special reference to esotropia.
Br J Ophthalmol 1977 Jan;61(1):1-3. doi: 10.1136/bjo.61.1.1. PMID: 836771Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of isolated inferior rectus palsy.
Fu L, Zhu B, Yan J
BMC Ophthalmol 2021 Dec 7;21(1):422. doi: 10.1186/s12886-021-02121-z. PMID: 34876092Free PMC Article
NGF and CNTF expression and regulation mechanism by miRNA in acute paralytic strabismus.
Liu H, Tan N, Xu D, Li CY, Xian GJ
Int Ophthalmol 2020 Apr;40(4):975-984. Epub 2020 Jan 10 doi: 10.1007/s10792-019-01270-x. PMID: 31925656
Paralytic strabismus in South African Black and mixed race children--a 15-year clinic-based review.
Olusanya B, Tinley C, Grotte R
Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2012 Dec;19(6):396-400. doi: 10.3109/09286586.2012.717675. PMID: 23171209
Paralytic strabismus.
Schiavi C
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2000 Oct;11(5):318-23. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200010000-00005. PMID: 11148696
Paralytic strabismus.
LaRoche GR
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1999 Oct;10(5):310-3. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199910000-00005. PMID: 10621543

Diagnosis

Paralytic strabismus in South African Black and mixed race children--a 15-year clinic-based review.
Olusanya B, Tinley C, Grotte R
Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2012 Dec;19(6):396-400. doi: 10.3109/09286586.2012.717675. PMID: 23171209
Paralytic strabismus.
Schiavi C
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2000 Oct;11(5):318-23. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200010000-00005. PMID: 11148696
Paralytic strabismus.
LaRoche GR
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1999 Oct;10(5):310-3. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199910000-00005. PMID: 10621543
Paralytic strabismus.
Byles DB, Elston JS
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1998 Oct;9(5):20-3. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199810000-00005. PMID: 10387476
Paralytic strabismus.
Schiavi C
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1995 Oct;6(5):22-6. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199510000-00005. PMID: 10159715

Therapy

Acute-onset paralytic strabismus in toddlers is important to consider as a potential early sign of late-infantile Metachromatic Leukodystrophy.
Beerepoot S, Wolf NI, Wehner K, Bender B, van der Knaap MS, Krägeloh-Mann I, Groeschel S
Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022 Mar;37:87-93. Epub 2022 Feb 3 doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.01.020. PMID: 35152000
Use of botulinum toxin in neuro-ophthalmology.
O'Day J
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2001 Dec;12(6):419-22. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200112000-00006. PMID: 11734681
The role of drug treatment in children with strabismus and amblyopia.
Chatzistefanou KI, Mills MD
Paediatr Drugs 2000 Mar-Apr;2(2):91-100. doi: 10.2165/00148581-200002020-00002. PMID: 10937461
Paralytic strabismus.
Byles DB, Elston JS
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1998 Oct;9(5):20-3. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199810000-00005. PMID: 10387476
Paralytic strabismus.
Schiavi C
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1995 Oct;6(5):22-6. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199510000-00005. PMID: 10159715

Prognosis

Surgical outcomes of medial Rectus advancement for consecutive exotropia.
Spierer R, Achiron A, Qassoom A, Bachar Zipori A, Spierer O
Eur J Ophthalmol 2022 Nov;32(6):3244-3249. Epub 2022 Mar 14 doi: 10.1177/11206721221085850. PMID: 35285340
Paralytic Strabismus in Turkish Children Examined at Three Tertiary Care Services: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Usta G, Karaca U, Keskinbora HK, Gonen T
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2021 Sep-Oct;58(5):282-286. Epub 2021 Sep 1 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20210122-01. PMID: 34180285
Ophthalmologic Clinical Features of Facial Nerve Palsy Patients.
Lee S, Lew H
Korean J Ophthalmol 2019 Feb;33(1):1-7. doi: 10.3341/kjo.2018.0010. PMID: 30746906Free PMC Article
Acquired paralytic strabismus in Southern Taiwan.
Ho TH, Lin HS, Lin MC, Sheu SJ
J Chin Med Assoc 2013 Jun;76(6):340-3. Epub 2013 Apr 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jcma.2013.03.003. PMID: 23608076
Paralytic strabismus.
Byles DB, Elston JS
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1998 Oct;9(5):20-3. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199810000-00005. PMID: 10387476

Clinical prediction guides

Acute-onset paralytic strabismus in toddlers is important to consider as a potential early sign of late-infantile Metachromatic Leukodystrophy.
Beerepoot S, Wolf NI, Wehner K, Bender B, van der Knaap MS, Krägeloh-Mann I, Groeschel S
Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022 Mar;37:87-93. Epub 2022 Feb 3 doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.01.020. PMID: 35152000
Surgical Outcomes of Transposition Surgery for the Correction of Large-Angle Strabismus.
Gokoffski KK, Lifton J, Xu BY, Patel VR
J Neuroophthalmol 2021 Dec 1;41(4):e806-e814. doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000001372. PMID: 34788250
Paralytic Strabismus in Turkish Children Examined at Three Tertiary Care Services: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Usta G, Karaca U, Keskinbora HK, Gonen T
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2021 Sep-Oct;58(5):282-286. Epub 2021 Sep 1 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20210122-01. PMID: 34180285
Prevalence of Strabismus and Its Impact on Vision-Related Quality of Life: Results from the German Population-Based Gutenberg Health Study.
Fieß A, Elflein HM, Urschitz MS, Pesudovs K, Münzel T, Wild PS, Michal M, Lackner KJ, Pfeiffer N, Nickels S, Schuster AK
Ophthalmology 2020 Aug;127(8):1113-1122. Epub 2020 Feb 28 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.02.026. PMID: 32312635
The Role of Extraocular Muscle Pulleys in Incomitant Non-Paralytic Strabismus.
Clark RA
Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2015 Jul-Sep;22(3):279-85. doi: 10.4103/0974-9233.159698. PMID: 26180464Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...