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Paralytic strabismus

MedGen UID:
508935
•Concept ID:
C0152221
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: incomitant dissociation; Neurogenic strabismus; Paralytic squint; paralytic squint; paralytic strabismus
SNOMED CT: Paralytic strabismus (400942002); Paralytic squint (400942002)
 
HPO: HP:0031775
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0001143

Definition

An ocular deviation caused by a palsy to one or more of the extraocular muscles or nerves supplying them. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVParalytic strabismus

Professional guidelines

PubMed

The Effect of Different Treatment Methods on Acute Acquired Concomitant Esotropia.
Huang X, Meng Y, Hu X, Zhao Y, Ye M, Yi B, Zhou L
Comput Math Methods Med 2022;2022:5001594. Epub 2022 Apr 23 doi: 10.1155/2022/5001594. PMID: 35502413Free PMC Article
The role of drug treatment in children with strabismus and amblyopia.
Chatzistefanou KI, Mills MD
Paediatr Drugs 2000 Mar-Apr;2(2):91-100. doi: 10.2165/00148581-200002020-00002. PMID: 10937461
Management of non-paralytic strabismus in infants, with special reference to esotropia.
Br J Ophthalmol 1977 Jan;61(1):1-3. doi: 10.1136/bjo.61.1.1. PMID: 836771Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Binocular Function in Adults before and after Strabismus Surgery.
Šneidrová J, Novotný T
Cesk Slov Oftalmol 2023 Fall;79(6):296-302. doi: 10.31348/2023/32. PMID: 38086701
Strabismus outcomes after surgery: the nationwide SOS France study.
Colas Q, Capsec J, Arsène S, Pisella PJ, Grammatico-Guillon L, Khanna RK
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022 Jun;260(6):2037-2043. Epub 2022 Jan 4 doi: 10.1007/s00417-021-05541-1. PMID: 34982221
Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of isolated inferior rectus palsy.
Fu L, Zhu B, Yan J
BMC Ophthalmol 2021 Dec 7;21(1):422. doi: 10.1186/s12886-021-02121-z. PMID: 34876092Free PMC Article
Paralytic strabismus.
Schiavi C
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2000 Oct;11(5):318-23. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200010000-00005. PMID: 11148696
Paralytic strabismus.
LaRoche GR
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1999 Oct;10(5):310-3. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199910000-00005. PMID: 10621543

Diagnosis

Comitant strabismus etiology: extraocular muscle integrity and central nervous system involvement-a narrative review.
Sunyer-Grau B, Quevedo L, Rodríguez-Vallejo M, Argilés M
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023 Jul;261(7):1781-1792. Epub 2023 Jan 21 doi: 10.1007/s00417-022-05935-9. PMID: 36680614Free PMC Article
Paralytic strabismus.
Schiavi C
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2000 Oct;11(5):318-23. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200010000-00005. PMID: 11148696
Paralytic strabismus.
LaRoche GR
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1999 Oct;10(5):310-3. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199910000-00005. PMID: 10621543
Paralytic strabismus.
Byles DB, Elston JS
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1998 Oct;9(5):20-3. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199810000-00005. PMID: 10387476
Paralytic strabismus.
Schiavi C
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1995 Oct;6(5):22-6. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199510000-00005. PMID: 10159715

Therapy

Golden Indications and an Overview on the Use of Botulinum Toxin in Strabismus.
Özkan SB
Turk J Ophthalmol 2023 Dec 21;53(6):377-385. doi: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.37806. PMID: 38126705Free PMC Article
The Effect of Different Treatment Methods on Acute Acquired Concomitant Esotropia.
Huang X, Meng Y, Hu X, Zhao Y, Ye M, Yi B, Zhou L
Comput Math Methods Med 2022;2022:5001594. Epub 2022 Apr 23 doi: 10.1155/2022/5001594. PMID: 35502413Free PMC Article
Use of botulinum toxin in neuro-ophthalmology.
O'Day J
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2001 Dec;12(6):419-22. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200112000-00006. PMID: 11734681
Paralytic strabismus.
Byles DB, Elston JS
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1998 Oct;9(5):20-3. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199810000-00005. PMID: 10387476
Paralytic strabismus.
Schiavi C
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1995 Oct;6(5):22-6. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199510000-00005. PMID: 10159715

Prognosis

Surgical outcomes of medial Rectus advancement for consecutive exotropia.
Spierer R, Achiron A, Qassoom A, Bachar Zipori A, Spierer O
Eur J Ophthalmol 2022 Nov;32(6):3244-3249. Epub 2022 Mar 14 doi: 10.1177/11206721221085850. PMID: 35285340
Paralytic Strabismus in Turkish Children Examined at Three Tertiary Care Services: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Usta G, Karaca U, Keskinbora HK, Gonen T
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2021 Sep-Oct;58(5):282-286. Epub 2021 Sep 1 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20210122-01. PMID: 34180285
Incidence, types, and lifetime risk of adult-onset strabismus.
Martinez-Thompson JM, Diehl NN, Holmes JM, Mohney BG
Ophthalmology 2014 Apr;121(4):877-82. Epub 2013 Dec 8 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.10.030. PMID: 24321142Free PMC Article
Paralytic strabismus.
Byles DB, Elston JS
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1998 Oct;9(5):20-3. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199810000-00005. PMID: 10387476
Management of paralytic strabismus.
Fells P
Br J Ophthalmol 1974 Mar;58(3):255-65. doi: 10.1136/bjo.58.3.255. PMID: 4834599Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Binocular Function in Adults before and after Strabismus Surgery.
Šneidrová J, Novotný T
Cesk Slov Oftalmol 2023 Fall;79(6):296-302. doi: 10.31348/2023/32. PMID: 38086701
Intraocular vascular analysis using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with vascular paralytic strabismus.
Lee D
PLoS One 2022;17(9):e0272524. Epub 2022 Sep 13 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272524. PMID: 36099246Free PMC Article
Acute-onset paralytic strabismus in toddlers is important to consider as a potential early sign of late-infantile Metachromatic Leukodystrophy.
Beerepoot S, Wolf NI, Wehner K, Bender B, van der Knaap MS, Krägeloh-Mann I, Groeschel S
Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022 Mar;37:87-93. Epub 2022 Feb 3 doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.01.020. PMID: 35152000
Paralytic Strabismus in Turkish Children Examined at Three Tertiary Care Services: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Usta G, Karaca U, Keskinbora HK, Gonen T
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2021 Sep-Oct;58(5):282-286. Epub 2021 Sep 1 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20210122-01. PMID: 34180285
The Role of Extraocular Muscle Pulleys in Incomitant Non-Paralytic Strabismus.
Clark RA
Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2015 Jul-Sep;22(3):279-85. doi: 10.4103/0974-9233.159698. PMID: 26180464Free PMC Article

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