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Microtropia

MedGen UID:
543296
Concept ID:
C0271356
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Microstrabismus
SNOMED CT: Microstrabismus (28633004); Microtropia (28633004)
 
HPO: HP:0031724

Definition

A small angle heterotropia (usually of 10 diopters or less) in which a form of binocular single vision occurs. [from HPO]

Conditions with this feature

Strabismus, susceptibility to
MedGen UID:
350026
Concept ID:
C1861449
Finding
Strabismus, a misalignment of the eyes also referred to as 'squint,' is one of the most common ocular disorders in humans, affecting 1 to 4% of the population. It is frequently associated with amblyopia (uniocular visual neglect) (Parikh et al., 2003). Strabismus is also a feature of several syndromes, including congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles (see, e.g., CFEOM1; 135700), Duane retraction syndrome (126800), and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia with myopathy (530000).

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Beardsell R, Clarke S, Hill M
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1999 Jan-Feb;36(1):19-24. doi: 10.3928/0191-3913-19990101-05. PMID: 9972510
Lang J
Br J Ophthalmol 1974 Mar;58(3):281-92. doi: 10.1136/bjo.58.3.281. PMID: 4834601Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Garretty T
Strabismus 2021 Jun;29(2):81-85. Epub 2021 Apr 22 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2021.1914675. PMID: 33886409
Lysons D, Tapley J
Strabismus 2018 Sep;26(3):118-121. Epub 2018 Jul 30 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2018.1503308. PMID: 30060696
García-García MÁ, Belda JI, Schargel K, Santos MJ, Ruiz-Colecha J, Rey C, García-García P, Mompean B
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2018 May 1;55(3):171-177. Epub 2018 Jan 31 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20171026-01. PMID: 29384563
de Decker W, de Decker Dannheim E, Backheuer U
Strabismus 2008;16(4):145-8. doi: 10.1080/09273970802450895. PMID: 19089759
Hardman Lea SJ, Snead MP, Loades J, Rubinstein MP
Eye (Lond) 1991;5 ( Pt 5):576-84. doi: 10.1038/eye.1991.100. PMID: 1794423

Diagnosis

Lysons D, Tapley J
Strabismus 2018 Sep;26(3):118-121. Epub 2018 Jul 30 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2018.1503308. PMID: 30060696
García-García MÁ, Belda JI, Schargel K, Santos MJ, Ruiz-Colecha J, Rey C, García-García P, Mompean B
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2018 May 1;55(3):171-177. Epub 2018 Jan 31 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20171026-01. PMID: 29384563
de Decker W, de Decker Dannheim E, Backheuer U
Strabismus 2008;16(4):145-8. doi: 10.1080/09273970802450895. PMID: 19089759
Lang J
Int Ophthalmol 1983 Jan;6(1):33-6. doi: 10.1007/BF00137371. PMID: 6826290
Lang J
Arch Ophthalmol 1969 Jun;81(6):758-62. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1969.00990010760002. PMID: 5783747

Therapy

Birch EE, Jost RM, Kelly KR, Leffler JN, Dao L, Beauchamp CL
Optom Vis Sci 2020 May;97(5):316-323. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001514. PMID: 32413002Free PMC Article
Repka M, Simons K, Kraker R; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group
Am J Ophthalmol 2010 Aug;150(2):270-4. Epub 2010 May 8 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.01.040. PMID: 20451898Free PMC Article
Rowe F, Noonan C
Strabismus 2009 Oct-Dec;17(4):139-42. doi: 10.3109/09273970903303860. PMID: 20001507
Kushner BJ
Am J Ophthalmol 2009 Jun;147(6):1082-5, 1085.e1. Epub 2009 Mar 14 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.01.005. PMID: 19285655
Repka MX, Holmes JM, Melia BM, Beck RW, Gearinger MD, Tamkins SM, Wheeler DT; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group
J AAPOS 2005 Dec;9(6):542-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2005.07.009. PMID: 16414520Free PMC Article

Prognosis

de Decker W, de Decker Dannheim E, Backheuer U
Strabismus 2008;16(4):145-8. doi: 10.1080/09273970802450895. PMID: 19089759
Matsuo T, Kawaishi Y, Kuroda R, Ohtsuki H, Watanabe Y
Jpn J Ophthalmol 2003 Sep-Oct;47(5):507-11. doi: 10.1016/s0021-5155(03)00105-9. PMID: 12967869
Ingram RM, Gill LE, Lambert TW
Strabismus 2003 Jun;11(2):71-84. doi: 10.1076/stra.11.2.71.15104. PMID: 12854015
Tomaç S
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2002 Jul-Aug;39(4):226-30. doi: 10.3928/0191-3913-20020701-11. PMID: 12148556
Shauly Y, Prager TC, Mazow ML
Am J Ophthalmol 1994 Feb 15;117(2):183-9. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)73075-2. PMID: 8037793

Clinical prediction guides

Birch EE, Jost RM, Kelly KR, Leffler JN, Dao L, Beauchamp CL
Optom Vis Sci 2020 May;97(5):316-323. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001514. PMID: 32413002Free PMC Article
García-García MÁ, Belda JI, Schargel K, Santos MJ, Ruiz-Colecha J, Rey C, García-García P, Mompean B
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2018 May 1;55(3):171-177. Epub 2018 Jan 31 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20171026-01. PMID: 29384563
Speeg-Schatz C, Burgun P, Gottenkiene S
Eur J Ophthalmol 2017 May 11;27(3):285-288. Epub 2017 Mar 27 doi: 10.5301/ejo.5000947. PMID: 28362053
Ingram RM, Gill LE, Goldacre MJ
Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol 1994;253:41-56. PMID: 7633630
von Noorden GK, Wong SY
Ophthalmology 1986 Aug;93(8):1028-31. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(86)33626-1. PMID: 3763149

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