U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Concomitant strabismus

MedGen UID:
56267
•Concept ID:
C0152203
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Comitant Strabismus; Concomitant Strabismus; Strabismus, Comitant; Strabismus, Concomitant
SNOMED CT: Constant comitant heterotropia (9650008); Comitant strabismus (9650008); Concomitant squint (9650008); Concomitant strabismus (9650008); Comitant squint (9650008); Constant squint (9650008)
 
HPO: HP:0025069

Definition

Strabismus in which the angle of deviation of the squiting eye remains the same in relation to the other eye, in all directions of gaze, and whichever eye is fixing. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • Concomitant strabismus

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Factors influencing success and dose-effect relation of botulinum A treatment.
Abbasoglu OE, Sener EC, Sanac AS
Eye (Lond) 1996;10 ( Pt 3):385-91. doi: 10.1038/eye.1996.78. PMID: 8796167
Constant wearing of prisms in treatment of concomitant strabismus.
Bérard PV
Int Ophthalmol Clin 1971 Winter;11(4):283-91. PMID: 5155081
Orientations in the treatment of concomitant strabismus.
MURILLO FAJARDO R
Bol Hosp Oftalmol 1962 Apr-Jun;15:70-7. PMID: 14477374

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

The effect of virtual reality technology in children after surgery for concomitant strabismus.
Zhang H, Yang SH, Chen T, Kang MX, Liu DY, Wang D, Hao J, Wang M, Yang Z, Han X, Su H
Indian J Ophthalmol 2023 Feb;71(2):625-630. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1505_22. PMID: 36727374Free PMC Article
When Does Blur Matter? A Narrative Review and Commentary.
Horwood AM
J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2022 Apr-Jun;72(2):57-68. Epub 2022 Feb 14 PMID: 35157555
Causes of concomitant strabismus surgery delay in teenagers and adults.
Paduca A, Arnaut O, Lundmark PO, Bruenech JR
Strabismus 2021 Sep;29(3):151-157. Epub 2021 Jul 5 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2021.1948070. PMID: 34223792
Refractive Errors and Concomitant Strabismus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Tang SM, Chan RY, Bin Lin S, Rong SS, Lau HH, Lau WW, Yip WW, Chen LJ, Ko ST, Yam JC
Sci Rep 2016 Oct 12;6:35177. doi: 10.1038/srep35177. PMID: 27731389Free PMC Article
The genetics of strabismus.
Michaelides M, Moore AT
J Med Genet 2004 Sep;41(9):641-6. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2004.021667. PMID: 15342692Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Clinical significance of CTGF and Cry61 protein in extraocular muscles of strabismic patients.
Yu X, Shi S, Cui Y, Shentu X, Sun Z
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023 Oct;261(10):2845-2851. Epub 2023 May 10 doi: 10.1007/s00417-023-06096-z. PMID: 37162563
Commonly occurring genetic polymorphisms with a major impact on the risk of nonsyndromic strabismus: replication in a sample from Finland.
Plotnikov D, Pärssinen O, Williams C, Atan D, Guggenheim JA
J AAPOS 2022 Feb;26(1):12.e1-12.e6. Epub 2021 Nov 29 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2021.07.015. PMID: 34856371
Topographical profiles of macula and optic nerve head in concomitant strabismus patients as measured using OCT and CSLO.
Wen Y, Yan J, Wang Z, Shen T, Qiu X, Deng D, Chen J
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020 Mar;258(3):675-682. Epub 2019 Nov 21 doi: 10.1007/s00417-019-04507-8. PMID: 31754829
Refractive Errors and Concomitant Strabismus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Tang SM, Chan RY, Bin Lin S, Rong SS, Lau HH, Lau WW, Yip WW, Chen LJ, Ko ST, Yam JC
Sci Rep 2016 Oct 12;6:35177. doi: 10.1038/srep35177. PMID: 27731389Free PMC Article
Associated incomitance in concomitant strabismus. Diagnosis and surgical treatment.
Roth A, Bumbacher M, Rossillion B
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2015 Apr;232(4):459-66. Epub 2015 Apr 22 doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1545785. PMID: 25902098

Therapy

Long-Term Effects of Botulinum Toxin A for Horizontal Concomitant Strabismus in Chinese Children.
Jiang J, Zuo H, Li S, Cao D, Li L
Semin Ophthalmol 2023 Oct;38(7):638-643. Epub 2023 Mar 13 doi: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2181666. PMID: 36914989
The effect of virtual reality technology in children after surgery for concomitant strabismus.
Zhang H, Yang SH, Chen T, Kang MX, Liu DY, Wang D, Hao J, Wang M, Yang Z, Han X, Su H
Indian J Ophthalmol 2023 Feb;71(2):625-630. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1505_22. PMID: 36727374Free PMC Article
Effect of Ice Slush on Reducing the Oculocardiac Reflex During Strabismus Surgery.
Qi X, Zou F, Wei X, Wu Y, Cao L, Xu J, Cui Y
Anesth Analg 2023 Jan 1;136(1):79-85. Epub 2022 Nov 2 doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006239. PMID: 36322461
Accommodation changes after strabismus surgery due to anterior ciliary vessel disruption.
Xie R, Wang Y, Pan M, Yang M
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021 Feb;259(2):527-532. Epub 2020 Aug 26 doi: 10.1007/s00417-020-04905-3. PMID: 32845371
Botulinum toxin therapy of eye muscle disorders. Safety and effectiveness. American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Ophthalmology 1989 Sep;Suppl:37-41. PMID: 2779991

Prognosis

Occurrence of Dry Eye Disease in Patients With Concomitant Strabismus: A Preliminary Cross-sectional Analysis.
Li D, Dong N, Lin S
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2024 Jan-Feb;61(1):30-37. Epub 2023 Apr 24 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20230118-02. PMID: 37092662
Long-Term Effects of Botulinum Toxin A for Horizontal Concomitant Strabismus in Chinese Children.
Jiang J, Zuo H, Li S, Cao D, Li L
Semin Ophthalmol 2023 Oct;38(7):638-643. Epub 2023 Mar 13 doi: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2181666. PMID: 36914989
Outcomes of a simplified, fixed surgical dosage calculation for uncomplicated, horizontal, concomitant strabismus in adults.
Natung T, Pandey I, Lyngdoh LA
Indian J Ophthalmol 2022 Apr;70(4):1321-1326. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2399_21. PMID: 35326047Free PMC Article
A commonly occurring genetic variant within the NPLOC4-TSPAN10-PDE6G gene cluster is associated with the risk of strabismus.
Plotnikov D, Shah RL, Rodrigues JN, Cumberland PM, Rahi JS, Hysi PG, Atan D, Williams C, Guggenheim JA; UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium
Hum Genet 2019 Jul;138(7):723-737. Epub 2019 May 9 doi: 10.1007/s00439-019-02022-8. PMID: 31073882Free PMC Article
Predictors of postoperative binocularity in adult strabismus.
Umazume F, Ohtsuki H, Hasebe S
Jpn J Ophthalmol 1997 Nov-Dec;41(6):414-21. doi: 10.1016/s0021-5155(97)00076-2. PMID: 9509310

Clinical prediction guides

Distribution and appearance of myosin, dystrophin, and collagen IV in strabismus-affected extraocular muscle tissue compared with control tissue.
Junga A, Babenko T, Fedirko P, Pilmane M
J Int Med Res 2024 Mar;52(3):3000605241233521. doi: 10.1177/03000605241233521. PMID: 38436252Free PMC Article
When Does Blur Matter? A Narrative Review and Commentary.
Horwood AM
J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2022 Apr-Jun;72(2):57-68. Epub 2022 Feb 14 PMID: 35157555
Topographical profiles of macula and optic nerve head in concomitant strabismus patients as measured using OCT and CSLO.
Wen Y, Yan J, Wang Z, Shen T, Qiu X, Deng D, Chen J
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020 Mar;258(3):675-682. Epub 2019 Nov 21 doi: 10.1007/s00417-019-04507-8. PMID: 31754829
Pedigree Analysis of Familial Primary Concomitant Horizontal Strabismus in Northern India.
Chaudhuri Z, John J, Aneja S, Thelma BK
Strabismus 2017 Dec;25(4):200-213. Epub 2017 Aug 10 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2017.1350865. PMID: 28796570
Strabismus and eye muscle function.
Lennerstrand G
Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2007 Nov;85(7):711-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.00853.x. PMID: 17944625

Recent systematic reviews

Refractive Errors and Concomitant Strabismus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Tang SM, Chan RY, Bin Lin S, Rong SS, Lau HH, Lau WW, Yip WW, Chen LJ, Ko ST, Yam JC
Sci Rep 2016 Oct 12;6:35177. doi: 10.1038/srep35177. PMID: 27731389Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • ClinVar
      Related medical variations
    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...