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Malignant Anal Neoplasm

MedGen UID:
56303
•Concept ID:
C0153446
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Malignant Anal Tumor; Malignant Neoplasm of Anus; Malignant Neoplasm of the Anus; Malignant tumor of anus; Malignant Tumor of Anus; Malignant Tumor of the Anus
SNOMED CT: Malignant tumor of anus (363490009)

Definition

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the anal canal or perianal skin. Representative examples include carcinomas, lymphomas, and melanomas. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVMalignant Anal Neoplasm

Professional guidelines

PubMed

ECOG-ACRIN Guideline for Contouring and Treatment of Early Stage Anal Cancer Using IMRT/IGRT.
Damico N, Meyer J, Das P, Murphy J, Miller E, Koontz B, Hall W, McBride M, Pereira G, Catalano P, Chakravarthy AB, O'Dwyer PJ, Dorth J
Pract Radiat Oncol 2022 Jul-Aug;12(4):335-347. doi: 10.1016/j.prro.2022.01.015. PMID: 35717050
Pretransplant solid organ malignancy and organ transplant candidacy: A consensus expert opinion statement.
Al-Adra DP, Hammel L, Roberts J, Woodle ES, Levine D, Mandelbrot D, Verna E, Locke J, D'Cunha J, Farr M, Sawinski D, Agarwal PK, Plichta J, Pruthi S, Farr D, Carvajal R, Walker J, Zwald F, Habermann T, Gertz M, Bierman P, Dizon DS, Langstraat C, Al-Qaoud T, Eggener S, Richgels JP, Chang GJ, Geltzeiler C, Sapisochin G, Ricciardi R, Krupnick AS, Kennedy C, Mohindra N, Foley DP, Watt KD
Am J Transplant 2021 Feb;21(2):460-474. Epub 2020 Oct 23 doi: 10.1111/ajt.16318. PMID: 32969590Free PMC Article
HPV: diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
Hathaway JK
Clin Obstet Gynecol 2012 Sep;55(3):671-80. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e31825caa36. PMID: 22828099

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Anal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up(☆).
Rao S, Guren MG, Khan K, Brown G, Renehan AG, Steigen SE, Deutsch E, Martinelli E, Arnold D; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Electronic address: clinicalguidelines@esmo.org
Ann Oncol 2021 Sep;32(9):1087-1100. Epub 2021 Jun 24 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.06.015. PMID: 34175386
Cancer of the anal region.
Valvo F, Ciurlia E, Avuzzi B, Doci R, Ducreux M, Roelofsen F, Roth A, Trama A, Wittekind C, Bosset JF
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019 Mar;135:115-127. Epub 2019 Jan 16 doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.12.007. PMID: 30819440
Vulvar and Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Terminology, Diagnosis, and Ancillary Studies.
Yang EJ, Kong CS, Longacre TA
Adv Anat Pathol 2017 May;24(3):136-150. doi: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000149. PMID: 28398952
Anal Dysplasia.
Messick CA, Rodriguez-Bigas MA
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2017 Jan;26(1):33-43. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2016.07.005. PMID: 27889035
Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group (AGITG) contouring atlas and planning guidelines for intensity-modulated radiotherapy in anal cancer.
Ng M, Leong T, Chander S, Chu J, Kneebone A, Carroll S, Wiltshire K, Ngan S, Kachnic L
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012 Aug 1;83(5):1455-62. Epub 2012 Mar 6 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.12.058. PMID: 22401917

Diagnosis

Anal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up(☆).
Rao S, Guren MG, Khan K, Brown G, Renehan AG, Steigen SE, Deutsch E, Martinelli E, Arnold D; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Electronic address: clinicalguidelines@esmo.org
Ann Oncol 2021 Sep;32(9):1087-1100. Epub 2021 Jun 24 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.06.015. PMID: 34175386
Extramammary Paget disease.
St Claire K, Hoover A, Ashack K, Khachemoune A
Dermatol Online J 2019 Apr 15;25(4) PMID: 31046904
Vulvar and Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Terminology, Diagnosis, and Ancillary Studies.
Yang EJ, Kong CS, Longacre TA
Adv Anat Pathol 2017 May;24(3):136-150. doi: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000149. PMID: 28398952
Pathology of Anal Cancer.
Hoff PM, Coudry R, Moniz CM
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2017 Jan;26(1):57-71. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2016.07.013. PMID: 27889037
Anal neoplasms.
Moore HG, Guillem JG
Surg Clin North Am 2002 Dec;82(6):1233-51. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(02)00057-9. PMID: 12516851

Therapy

ECOG-ACRIN Guideline for Contouring and Treatment of Early Stage Anal Cancer Using IMRT/IGRT.
Damico N, Meyer J, Das P, Murphy J, Miller E, Koontz B, Hall W, McBride M, Pereira G, Catalano P, Chakravarthy AB, O'Dwyer PJ, Dorth J
Pract Radiat Oncol 2022 Jul-Aug;12(4):335-347. doi: 10.1016/j.prro.2022.01.015. PMID: 35717050
Treatment of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions to Prevent Anal Cancer.
Palefsky JM, Lee JY, Jay N, Goldstone SE, Darragh TM, Dunlevy HA, Rosa-Cunha I, Arons A, Pugliese JC, Vena D, Sparano JA, Wilkin TJ, Bucher G, Stier EA, Tirado Gomez M, Flowers L, Barroso LF, Mitsuyasu RT, Lensing SY, Logan J, Aboulafia DM, Schouten JT, de la Ossa J, Levine R, Korman JD, Hagensee M, Atkinson TM, Einstein MH, Cracchiolo BM, Wiley D, Ellsworth GB, Brickman C, Berry-Lawhorn JM; ANCHOR Investigators Group
N Engl J Med 2022 Jun 16;386(24):2273-2282. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2201048. PMID: 35704479Free PMC Article
Pharmacotherapy of Anal Cancer.
Rogers JE, Eng C
Drugs 2017 Sep;77(14):1519-1530. doi: 10.1007/s40265-017-0792-3. PMID: 28770514
Nivolumab for previously treated unresectable metastatic anal cancer (NCI9673): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study.
Morris VK, Salem ME, Nimeiri H, Iqbal S, Singh P, Ciombor K, Polite B, Deming D, Chan E, Wade JL, Xiao L, Bekaii-Saab T, Vence L, Blando J, Mahvash A, Foo WC, Ohaji C, Pasia M, Bland G, Ohinata A, Rogers J, Mehdizadeh A, Banks K, Lanman R, Wolff RA, Streicher H, Allison J, Sharma P, Eng C
Lancet Oncol 2017 Apr;18(4):446-453. Epub 2017 Feb 18 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30104-3. PMID: 28223062Free PMC Article
Role of mitomycin in combination with fluorouracil and radiotherapy, and of salvage chemoradiation in the definitive nonsurgical treatment of epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal: results of a phase III randomized intergroup study.
Flam M, John M, Pajak TF, Petrelli N, Myerson R, Doggett S, Quivey J, Rotman M, Kerman H, Coia L, Murray K
J Clin Oncol 1996 Sep;14(9):2527-39. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1996.14.9.2527. PMID: 8823332

Prognosis

Anal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up(☆).
Rao S, Guren MG, Khan K, Brown G, Renehan AG, Steigen SE, Deutsch E, Martinelli E, Arnold D; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Electronic address: clinicalguidelines@esmo.org
Ann Oncol 2021 Sep;32(9):1087-1100. Epub 2021 Jun 24 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.06.015. PMID: 34175386
Pharmacotherapy of Anal Cancer.
Rogers JE, Eng C
Drugs 2017 Sep;77(14):1519-1530. doi: 10.1007/s40265-017-0792-3. PMID: 28770514
Pathology of Anal Cancer.
Hoff PM, Coudry R, Moniz CM
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2017 Jan;26(1):57-71. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2016.07.013. PMID: 27889037
Anal Dysplasia.
Messick CA, Rodriguez-Bigas MA
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2017 Jan;26(1):33-43. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2016.07.005. PMID: 27889035
Anal neoplasms.
Moore HG, Guillem JG
Surg Clin North Am 2002 Dec;82(6):1233-51. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(02)00057-9. PMID: 12516851

Clinical prediction guides

Prognostic and Predictive Clinical and Biological Factors in HPV Malignancies.
Sud S, Weiner AA, Wang AZ, Gupta GP, Shen CJ
Semin Radiat Oncol 2021 Oct;31(4):309-323. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2021.03.008. PMID: 34455986
Anal dysplasia and anal cancer. English version.
Wieland U, Oellig F, Kreuter A
Hautarzt 2020 Dec;71(Suppl 2):74-81. doi: 10.1007/s00105-020-04562-x. PMID: 32303769
Extramammary Paget disease.
St Claire K, Hoover A, Ashack K, Khachemoune A
Dermatol Online J 2019 Apr 15;25(4) PMID: 31046904
Pathology of Anal Cancer.
Hoff PM, Coudry R, Moniz CM
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2017 Jan;26(1):57-71. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2016.07.013. PMID: 27889037
Role of mitomycin in combination with fluorouracil and radiotherapy, and of salvage chemoradiation in the definitive nonsurgical treatment of epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal: results of a phase III randomized intergroup study.
Flam M, John M, Pajak TF, Petrelli N, Myerson R, Doggett S, Quivey J, Rotman M, Kerman H, Coia L, Murray K
J Clin Oncol 1996 Sep;14(9):2527-39. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1996.14.9.2527. PMID: 8823332

Recent systematic reviews

A systematic review and meta-analysis of cytology and HPV-related biomarkers for anal cancer screening among different risk groups.
Clarke MA, Deshmukh AA, Suk R, Roberts J, Gilson R, Jay N, Stier EA, Wentzensen N
Int J Cancer 2022 Dec 1;151(11):1889-1901. Epub 2022 Aug 6 doi: 10.1002/ijc.34199. PMID: 35793241Free PMC Article
Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Oncological and Operative Outcomes.
Kong JC, Soucisse M, Michael M, Tie J, Ngan SY, Leong T, McCormick J, Warrier SK, Heriot AG
Ann Surg Oncol 2021 Nov;28(12):7476-7486. Epub 2021 Apr 23 doi: 10.1245/s10434-021-09837-8. PMID: 33891203
Total Neoadjuvant Therapy vs Standard Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Kasi A, Abbasi S, Handa S, Al-Rajabi R, Saeed A, Baranda J, Sun W
JAMA Netw Open 2020 Dec 1;3(12):e2030097. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.30097. PMID: 33326026Free PMC Article
Incidence and mortality from cervical cancer and other malignancies after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.
Kalliala I, Athanasiou A, Veroniki AA, Salanti G, Efthimiou O, Raftis N, Bowden S, Paraskevaidi M, Aro K, Arbyn M, Bennett P, Nieminen P, Paraskevaidis E, Kyrgiou M
Ann Oncol 2020 Feb;31(2):213-227. Epub 2020 Jan 3 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2019.11.004. PMID: 31959338Free PMC Article
Prevalence of anal human papillomavirus infection and anal HPV-related disorders in women: a systematic review.
Stier EA, Sebring MC, Mendez AE, Ba FS, Trimble DD, Chiao EY
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015 Sep;213(3):278-309. Epub 2015 Mar 19 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.03.034. PMID: 25797230Free PMC Article

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