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Open comedo

MedGen UID:
568883
•Concept ID:
C0333128
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Black head; Blackhead; Open comedone; Open follicle comedo
SNOMED CT: Open follicle comedo (63176002); Black head (63176002); Blackhead (247467008); Open comedone (271763005)
 
HPO: HP:0025251

Definition

A comedo in which the part of the pore at the surface of the skin is stretched and open, exposing the contents of the comedo, which appear black. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVOpen comedo

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Topical antimicrobial peptides in combined treatment of acne patients.
Ma Z, Kochergin N, Olisova O, Snarskaya E
J Cosmet Dermatol 2022 Apr;21(4):1533-1538. Epub 2021 Jul 21 doi: 10.1111/jocd.14300. PMID: 34143573

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Radiotherapy versus low-dose tamoxifen following breast-conserving surgery for low-risk and estrogen receptor-positive breast ductal carcinoma in situ: an international open-label randomized non-inferiority trial (TBCC-ARO DCIS Trial).
Kuo SH, Tseng LM, Chen ST, Sagara Y, Chang YC, Yeh HT, Kuo YL, Hung CC, Lu TP, Lee YH, Toi M, Huang CS
BMC Cancer 2023 Sep 14;23(1):865. doi: 10.1186/s12885-023-11291-6. PMID: 37710198Free PMC Article
Topical antimicrobial peptides in combined treatment of acne patients.
Ma Z, Kochergin N, Olisova O, Snarskaya E
J Cosmet Dermatol 2022 Apr;21(4):1533-1538. Epub 2021 Jul 21 doi: 10.1111/jocd.14300. PMID: 34143573
Global Harmonization of Morphological Definitions in Hidradenitis Suppurativa for a Proposed Glossary.
Frew JW, Lowes MA, Goldfarb N, Butt M, Piguet V, O'Brien E, Ingram J, Jemec GBE, Tan J, Zouboulis C, Alavi A, Kirby JS
JAMA Dermatol 2021 Apr 1;157(4):449-455. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.5467. PMID: 33688910Free PMC Article
Real-Time Confocal Imaging for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Description of Morphological Aspects and Focus on the Role of Follicular Ostia.
Cappilli S, Giovanardi G, Di Stefani A, Longo C, Perino F, Chiricozzi A, Peris K
Dermatology 2021;237(5):705-711. Epub 2021 Feb 15 doi: 10.1159/000513918. PMID: 33588411
The Efficacy and Safety of Topical Dapsone Gel, 5% for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris in Adult Females With Skin of Color.
Alexis AF, Burgess C, Callender VD, Herzog JL, Roberts WE, Schweiger ES, Stockton TC, Gallagher CJ
J Drugs Dermatol 2016 Feb;15(2):197-204. PMID: 26885788

Diagnosis

Global Harmonization of Morphological Definitions in Hidradenitis Suppurativa for a Proposed Glossary.
Frew JW, Lowes MA, Goldfarb N, Butt M, Piguet V, O'Brien E, Ingram J, Jemec GBE, Tan J, Zouboulis C, Alavi A, Kirby JS
JAMA Dermatol 2021 Apr 1;157(4):449-455. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.5467. PMID: 33688910Free PMC Article
Eruptive milia and acneiform hyperkeratosis with comedones (pseudo-epidermal cysts) within tattoos.
Kluger N
Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019 Dec;146(12):801-806. Epub 2019 Jul 17 doi: 10.1016/j.annder.2019.01.026. PMID: 31326130
The Efficacy and Safety of Topical Dapsone Gel, 5% for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris in Adult Females With Skin of Color.
Alexis AF, Burgess C, Callender VD, Herzog JL, Roberts WE, Schweiger ES, Stockton TC, Gallagher CJ
J Drugs Dermatol 2016 Feb;15(2):197-204. PMID: 26885788
Aggregated dilated pores.
Konohana A, Kobayashi T
J Dermatol 1999 May;26(5):332-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1999.tb03481.x. PMID: 10380436
The histopathology of closed and open comedones of Favre-Racouchot disease.
Sánchez-Yus E, del Río E, Simón P, Requena L, Vázquez H
Arch Dermatol 1997 Jun;133(6):743-5. doi: 10.1001/archderm.1997.03890420081009. PMID: 9197828

Therapy

Radiotherapy versus low-dose tamoxifen following breast-conserving surgery for low-risk and estrogen receptor-positive breast ductal carcinoma in situ: an international open-label randomized non-inferiority trial (TBCC-ARO DCIS Trial).
Kuo SH, Tseng LM, Chen ST, Sagara Y, Chang YC, Yeh HT, Kuo YL, Hung CC, Lu TP, Lee YH, Toi M, Huang CS
BMC Cancer 2023 Sep 14;23(1):865. doi: 10.1186/s12885-023-11291-6. PMID: 37710198Free PMC Article
Global Harmonization of Morphological Definitions in Hidradenitis Suppurativa for a Proposed Glossary.
Frew JW, Lowes MA, Goldfarb N, Butt M, Piguet V, O'Brien E, Ingram J, Jemec GBE, Tan J, Zouboulis C, Alavi A, Kirby JS
JAMA Dermatol 2021 Apr 1;157(4):449-455. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.5467. PMID: 33688910Free PMC Article
Eruptive milia and acneiform hyperkeratosis with comedones (pseudo-epidermal cysts) within tattoos.
Kluger N
Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019 Dec;146(12):801-806. Epub 2019 Jul 17 doi: 10.1016/j.annder.2019.01.026. PMID: 31326130
Localized acne induced by radiation therapy.
Hubiche T, Sibaud V
Dermatol Online J 2014 Feb 18;20(2) PMID: 24612578
Comedo formation following cobalt irradiation.
Larsen FS, Heydenreich G, Christiansen JV
Dermatologica 1979;158(4):287-92. doi: 10.1159/000250770. PMID: 155017

Prognosis

Topical antimicrobial peptides in combined treatment of acne patients.
Ma Z, Kochergin N, Olisova O, Snarskaya E
J Cosmet Dermatol 2022 Apr;21(4):1533-1538. Epub 2021 Jul 21 doi: 10.1111/jocd.14300. PMID: 34143573

Clinical prediction guides

Topical antimicrobial peptides in combined treatment of acne patients.
Ma Z, Kochergin N, Olisova O, Snarskaya E
J Cosmet Dermatol 2022 Apr;21(4):1533-1538. Epub 2021 Jul 21 doi: 10.1111/jocd.14300. PMID: 34143573
Real-Time Confocal Imaging for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Description of Morphological Aspects and Focus on the Role of Follicular Ostia.
Cappilli S, Giovanardi G, Di Stefani A, Longo C, Perino F, Chiricozzi A, Peris K
Dermatology 2021;237(5):705-711. Epub 2021 Feb 15 doi: 10.1159/000513918. PMID: 33588411
The Efficacy and Safety of Topical Dapsone Gel, 5% for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris in Adult Females With Skin of Color.
Alexis AF, Burgess C, Callender VD, Herzog JL, Roberts WE, Schweiger ES, Stockton TC, Gallagher CJ
J Drugs Dermatol 2016 Feb;15(2):197-204. PMID: 26885788
The microbial content and complement C3 cleaving capacity of comedones in acne vulgaris.
Leeming JP, Ingham E, Cunliffe WJ
Acta Derm Venereol 1988;68(6):468-73. PMID: 2467483

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