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Cholesterol embolism

MedGen UID:
57437
•Concept ID:
C0149649
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Atheroembolism; Atheroembolisms; Cholesterol Embolism; Cholesterol Embolisms; Embolism, Cholesterol; Embolisms, Cholesterol
SNOMED CT: Atheromatous embolus (10690002); Cholesterol embolus (10690002)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005568

Definition

Blocking of a blood vessel by cholesterol-rich atheromatous deposits, generally occurring in the flow from a large artery to small arterial branches. It is also called arterial-arterial embolization or atheroembolism which may be spontaneous or iatrogenic. Patients with spontaneous atheroembolism often have painful, cyanotic digits of acute onset. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVCholesterol embolism

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Apheresis in the treatment of cholesterol embolic disease.
Hasegawa M, Sugiyama S
Ther Apher Dial 2003 Aug;7(4):435-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1526-0968.2003.00081.x. PMID: 12887728

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Cholesterol-embolization syndrome: current perspectives.
Ozkok A
Vasc Health Risk Manag 2019;15:209-220. Epub 2019 Jul 8 doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S175150. PMID: 31371977Free PMC Article
Acute Renal Failure of Nosocomial Origin.
Alscher MD, Erley C, Kuhlmann MK
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2019 Mar 1;116(9):149-158. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0149. PMID: 30961801Free PMC Article
Cholesterol embolization syndrome.
Saric M, Kronzon I
Curr Opin Cardiol 2011 Nov;26(6):472-9. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0b013e32834b7fdd. PMID: 21993354
Atheroembolic renal disease.
Scolari F, Ravani P
Lancet 2010 May 8;375(9726):1650-60. Epub 2010 Apr 8 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62073-0. PMID: 20381857
Atheromatous embolization.
Liew YP, Bartholomew JR
Vasc Med 2005 Nov;10(4):309-26. doi: 10.1191/1358863x05vm640ra. PMID: 16444859

Diagnosis

Mimics of vasculitis.
Maningding E, Kermani TA
Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021 Jan 5;60(1):34-47. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa495. PMID: 33167039
Cholesterol-embolization syndrome: current perspectives.
Ozkok A
Vasc Health Risk Manag 2019;15:209-220. Epub 2019 Jul 8 doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S175150. PMID: 31371977Free PMC Article
Cholesterol Crystal Embolism and Chronic Kidney Disease.
Li X, Bayliss G, Zhuang S
Int J Mol Sci 2017 May 24;18(6) doi: 10.3390/ijms18061120. PMID: 28538699Free PMC Article
Cholesterol embolization syndrome.
Saric M, Kronzon I
Curr Opin Cardiol 2011 Nov;26(6):472-9. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0b013e32834b7fdd. PMID: 21993354
Atheromatous embolization.
Liew YP, Bartholomew JR
Vasc Med 2005 Nov;10(4):309-26. doi: 10.1191/1358863x05vm640ra. PMID: 16444859

Therapy

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prognosis of Cholesterol Crystal Embolism Because of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
Takahashi K, Omuro A, Ohya M, Kubo S, Tada T, Tanaka H, Fuku Y, Kadota K
Am J Cardiol 2022 Mar 15;167:15-19. Epub 2022 Jan 2 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.11.039. PMID: 34986990
Cholesterol-embolization syndrome: current perspectives.
Ozkok A
Vasc Health Risk Manag 2019;15:209-220. Epub 2019 Jul 8 doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S175150. PMID: 31371977Free PMC Article
Vasculitic and autoimmune wounds.
Shanmugam VK, Angra D, Rahimi H, McNish S
J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2017 Mar;5(2):280-292. Epub 2016 Dec 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2016.09.006. PMID: 28214498Free PMC Article
Atheroembolic renal disease.
Scolari F, Ravani P
Lancet 2010 May 8;375(9726):1650-60. Epub 2010 Apr 8 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62073-0. PMID: 20381857
Atheromatous embolization.
Liew YP, Bartholomew JR
Vasc Med 2005 Nov;10(4):309-26. doi: 10.1191/1358863x05vm640ra. PMID: 16444859

Prognosis

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prognosis of Cholesterol Crystal Embolism Because of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
Takahashi K, Omuro A, Ohya M, Kubo S, Tada T, Tanaka H, Fuku Y, Kadota K
Am J Cardiol 2022 Mar 15;167:15-19. Epub 2022 Jan 2 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.11.039. PMID: 34986990
Cholesterol-embolization syndrome: current perspectives.
Ozkok A
Vasc Health Risk Manag 2019;15:209-220. Epub 2019 Jul 8 doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S175150. PMID: 31371977Free PMC Article
Cholesterol embolization syndrome: An under-recognized entity in cardiovascular interventions.
Agrawal A, Ziccardi MR, Witzke C, Palacios I, Rangaswami J
J Interv Cardiol 2018 Jun;31(3):407-415. Epub 2017 Dec 15 doi: 10.1111/joic.12483. PMID: 29243285
Cholesterol Crystal Embolism and Chronic Kidney Disease.
Li X, Bayliss G, Zhuang S
Int J Mol Sci 2017 May 24;18(6) doi: 10.3390/ijms18061120. PMID: 28538699Free PMC Article
Atheroembolic renal disease.
Scolari F, Ravani P
Lancet 2010 May 8;375(9726):1650-60. Epub 2010 Apr 8 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62073-0. PMID: 20381857

Clinical prediction guides

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prognosis of Cholesterol Crystal Embolism Because of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
Takahashi K, Omuro A, Ohya M, Kubo S, Tada T, Tanaka H, Fuku Y, Kadota K
Am J Cardiol 2022 Mar 15;167:15-19. Epub 2022 Jan 2 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.11.039. PMID: 34986990
Intraplaque haemorrhages as the trigger of plaque vulnerability.
Michel JB, Virmani R, Arbustini E, Pasterkamp G
Eur Heart J 2011 Aug;32(16):1977-85, 1985a, 1985b, 1985c. Epub 2011 Mar 12 doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr054. PMID: 21398643Free PMC Article
Cholesterol crystal embolism: A recognizable cause of renal disease.
Scolari F, Tardanico R, Zani R, Pola A, Viola BF, Movilli E, Maiorca R
Am J Kidney Dis 2000 Dec;36(6):1089-109. doi: 10.1053/ajkd.2000.19809. PMID: 11096032
Evaluation and management of cholesterol embolization and the blue toe syndrome.
Applebaum RM, Kronzon I
Curr Opin Cardiol 1996 Sep;11(5):533-42. doi: 10.1097/00001573-199609000-00013. PMID: 8889381
Atheromatous renal disease.
Meyrier A, Buchet P, Simon P, Fernet M, Rainfray M, Callard P
Am J Med 1988 Aug;85(2):139-46. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(88)80332-2. PMID: 3400690

Recent systematic reviews

613 cases of splenic rupture without risk factors or previously diagnosed disease: a systematic review.
Aubrey-Bassler FK, Sowers N
BMC Emerg Med 2012 Aug 14;12:11. doi: 10.1186/1471-227X-12-11. PMID: 22889306Free PMC Article

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