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Lentigo Maligna

MedGen UID:
57443
•Concept ID:
C0149722
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Freckle, Hutchinson's Melanotic; Freckle, Melanotic; Freckles, Melanotic; Hutchinson Melanotic Freckle; Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle; Hutchinsons Melanotic Freckle; Lentigo, Malignant; Lentigos, Malignant; Malignant Lentigo; Malignant Lentigos; Melanotic Freckle; Melanotic Freckle, Hutchinson's; Melanotic Freckles
SNOMED CT: Hutchinson's melanotic freckle (61217001); Lentigo maligna (61217001); Hutchinson melanotic freckle (61217001); Lentigo maligna (302836005); LM - Lentigo maligna (302836005)

Definition

An atypical proliferation of atypical melanocytes in the dermal-epidermal junction, without infiltration of the papillary or reticular dermis. The melanocytic proliferation is associated with actinic damage and epidermal atrophy. It usually occurs in the sun-exposed skin of elderly people. It is a form of melanoma in situ. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVLentigo Maligna

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Lentigo maligna: diagnosis and treatment.
De Luca EV, Perino F, Di Stefani A, Coco V, Fossati B, Peris K
G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2020 Apr;155(2):179-189. Epub 2018 Apr 19 doi: 10.23736/S0392-0488.18.06003-0. PMID: 29683288
Management of Early-Stage Melanoma.
Quintanilla-Dieck MJ, Bichakjian CK
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2019 Feb;27(1):35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2018.08.003. PMID: 30420071
Guidelines of care for the management of primary cutaneous melanoma.
Swetter SM, Tsao H, Bichakjian CK, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Elder DE, Gershenwald JE, Guild V, Grant-Kels JM, Halpern AC, Johnson TM, Sober AJ, Thompson JA, Wisco OJ, Wyatt S, Hu S, Lamina T
J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 Jan;80(1):208-250. Epub 2018 Nov 1 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.055. PMID: 30392755

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Molecular Markers and Targets in Melanoma.
Teixido C, Castillo P, Martinez-Vila C, Arance A, Alos L
Cells 2021 Sep 5;10(9) doi: 10.3390/cells10092320. PMID: 34571969Free PMC Article
Histopathologic classification and prognostic factors of melanoma: a 2021 update.
Bobos M
Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2021 Jun;156(3):300-321. Epub 2021 May 13 doi: 10.23736/S2784-8671.21.06958-3. PMID: 33982546
The 2018 World Health Organization Classification of Cutaneous, Mucosal, and Uveal Melanoma: Detailed Analysis of 9 Distinct Subtypes Defined by Their Evolutionary Pathway.
Elder DE, Bastian BC, Cree IA, Massi D, Scolyer RA
Arch Pathol Lab Med 2020 Apr;144(4):500-522. Epub 2020 Feb 14 doi: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0561-RA. PMID: 32057276
Melanomas.
Longo C, Pellacani G
Dermatol Clin 2016 Oct;34(4):411-419. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2016.05.004. PMID: 27692447
Lentigo maligna.
Samaniego E, Redondo P
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Nov;104(9):757-75. Epub 2012 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.05.006. PMID: 22857817

Diagnosis

Histopathologic classification and prognostic factors of melanoma: a 2021 update.
Bobos M
Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2021 Jun;156(3):300-321. Epub 2021 May 13 doi: 10.23736/S2784-8671.21.06958-3. PMID: 33982546
Dermatoscopy of melanoma according to type, anatomic site and stage.
Lallas A, Paschou E, Manoli SM, Papageorgiou C, Spyridis I, Liopyris K, Bobos M, Moutsoudis A, Lazaridou E, Apalla Z
Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2021 Jun;156(3):274-288. Epub 2020 Dec 14 doi: 10.23736/S2784-8671.20.06784-X. PMID: 33314891
Lentigo maligna: diagnosis and treatment.
De Luca EV, Perino F, Di Stefani A, Coco V, Fossati B, Peris K
G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2020 Apr;155(2):179-189. Epub 2018 Apr 19 doi: 10.23736/S0392-0488.18.06003-0. PMID: 29683288
Melanomas.
Longo C, Pellacani G
Dermatol Clin 2016 Oct;34(4):411-419. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2016.05.004. PMID: 27692447
Lentigo maligna.
Samaniego E, Redondo P
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Nov;104(9):757-75. Epub 2012 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.05.006. PMID: 22857817

Therapy

Efficacy of imiquimod in the management of lentigo maligna.
Daude M, Dinulescu M, Nguyen JM, Maillard H, Le Duff F, Machet L, Beylot-Barry M, Legoupil D, Wierzbicka-Hainaut E, Bedane C, Leccia MT, Debarbieux S, Meyer N, Monestier S, Bens G, Denis MG, Bossard C, Vergier B, Khammari A, Dréno B
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023 Sep;37(9):1785-1791. Epub 2023 May 6 doi: 10.1111/jdv.19141. PMID: 37114291
Molecular Markers and Targets in Melanoma.
Teixido C, Castillo P, Martinez-Vila C, Arance A, Alos L
Cells 2021 Sep 5;10(9) doi: 10.3390/cells10092320. PMID: 34571969Free PMC Article
Melanoma on chronically sun-damaged skin: Lentigo maligna and desmoplastic melanoma.
DeWane ME, Kelsey A, Oliviero M, Rabinovitz H, Grant-Kels JM
J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 Sep;81(3):823-833. Epub 2019 Mar 28 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.066. PMID: 30930085
Lentigo maligna.
Samaniego E, Redondo P
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Nov;104(9):757-75. Epub 2012 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.05.006. PMID: 22857817
Azelaic acid.
Nazzaro-Porro M
J Am Acad Dermatol 1987 Dec;17(6):1033-41. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(87)70294-1. PMID: 2963038

Prognosis

Classification and Staging of Melanoma in the Head and Neck.
Bunnell AM, Nedrud SM, Fernandes RP
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2022 May;34(2):221-234. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2021.12.001. PMID: 35491079
Molecular Markers and Targets in Melanoma.
Teixido C, Castillo P, Martinez-Vila C, Arance A, Alos L
Cells 2021 Sep 5;10(9) doi: 10.3390/cells10092320. PMID: 34571969Free PMC Article
Histopathologic classification and prognostic factors of melanoma: a 2021 update.
Bobos M
Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2021 Jun;156(3):300-321. Epub 2021 May 13 doi: 10.23736/S2784-8671.21.06958-3. PMID: 33982546
Management of Early-Stage Melanoma.
Quintanilla-Dieck MJ, Bichakjian CK
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2019 Feb;27(1):35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2018.08.003. PMID: 30420071
Lentigo maligna.
Smalberger GJ, Siegel DM, Khachemoune A
Dermatol Ther 2008 Nov-Dec;21(6):439-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2008.00244.x. PMID: 19076621

Clinical prediction guides

Lentigo maligna: a review.
Karponis D, Stratigos IA, Joshy J, Craig PJ, Mistry K, van Bodegraven B, Venables ZC, Levell NJ
Clin Exp Dermatol 2024 Feb 14;49(3):218-225. doi: 10.1093/ced/llad394. PMID: 37966718
Classification and Staging of Melanoma in the Head and Neck.
Bunnell AM, Nedrud SM, Fernandes RP
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2022 May;34(2):221-234. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2021.12.001. PMID: 35491079
Clinical and histologic features associated with lentigo maligna clearance after imiquimod treatment.
Kwak R, Joyce C, Werchniak AE, Lin JY, Tsibris HC
J Dermatolog Treat 2022 Jun;33(4):1995-1999. Epub 2021 Aug 9 doi: 10.1080/09546634.2021.1962001. PMID: 34315342
Histopathologic classification and prognostic factors of melanoma: a 2021 update.
Bobos M
Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2021 Jun;156(3):300-321. Epub 2021 May 13 doi: 10.23736/S2784-8671.21.06958-3. PMID: 33982546
Extrafacial Lentigo Maligna: A Report on 14 Cases and a Review of the Literature.
Martínez-Leboráns L, Garcías-Ladaria J, Oliver-Martínez V, Alegre de Miquel V
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2016 Oct;107(8):e57-63. Epub 2016 May 11 doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2015.10.018. PMID: 27180003

Recent systematic reviews

Lentigo maligna (melanoma): A systematic review and meta-analysis on surgical techniques and presurgical mapping by reflectance confocal microscopy.
Elshot YS, Tio DCKS, van Haersma-de With ASE, Ouwerkerk W, Zupan-Kajcovski B, Crijns MB, Limpens CEJM, Klop WMC, Bekkenk MW, Balm AJM, de Rie MA
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023 May;37(5):871-883. Epub 2023 Jan 31 doi: 10.1111/jdv.18880. PMID: 36652277
Associations of thiazide use with skin cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Shao SC, Lai CC, Chen YH, Lai EC, Hung MJ, Chi CC
BMC Med 2022 Jul 7;20(1):228. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02419-9. PMID: 35794547Free PMC Article
Radiotherapy for lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma - a systematic review.
Hendrickx A, Cozzio A, Plasswilm L, Panje CM
Radiat Oncol 2020 Jul 14;15(1):174. doi: 10.1186/s13014-020-01615-2. PMID: 32664998Free PMC Article
A systematic review on the role of imiquimod in lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma: need for standardization of treatment schedule and outcome measures.
Tio D, van der Woude J, Prinsen CAC, Jansma EP, Hoekzema R, van Montfrans C
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017 Apr;31(4):616-624. Epub 2017 Jan 23 doi: 10.1111/jdv.14085. PMID: 27987308
A systematic review of non-surgical treatments for lentigo maligna.
Read T, Noonan C, David M, Wagels M, Foote M, Schaider H, Soyer HP, Smithers BM
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016 May;30(5):748-53. Epub 2015 Aug 24 doi: 10.1111/jdv.13252. PMID: 26299846

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