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Enlarged pituitary gland

MedGen UID:
575022
•Concept ID:
C0342422
•
Anatomical Abnormality
Synonym: Pituitary gland enlarged
SNOMED CT: Pituitary gland enlarged (237718009)
 
HPO: HP:0012505

Definition

An abnormally increased size of the pituitary gland. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

ESE Clinical Practice Guideline on functioning and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in pregnancy.
Luger A, Broersen LHA, Biermasz NR, Biller BMK, Buchfelder M, Chanson P, Jorgensen JOL, Kelestimur F, Llahana S, Maiter D, Mintziori G, Petraglia F, Verkauskiene R, Webb SM, Dekkers OM
Eur J Endocrinol 2021 Aug 23;185(3):G1-G33. doi: 10.1530/EJE-21-0462. PMID: 34425558
Hypophysitis - new insights into diagnosis and treatment.
Kluczyński Ł, Gilis-Januszewska A, Rogoziński D, Pantofliński J, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A
Endokrynol Pol 2019;70(3):260-269. doi: 10.5603/EP.a2019.0015. PMID: 31290557
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Hypophysitis: diagnosis and treatment.
Joshi MN, Whitelaw BC, Carroll PV
Eur J Endocrinol 2018 Sep;179(3):R151-R163. Epub 2018 Jun 7 doi: 10.1530/EJE-17-0009. PMID: 29880706

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Pituitary Apoplexy: Risk Factors and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms.
Biagetti B, Simò R
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Aug 5;23(15) doi: 10.3390/ijms23158721. PMID: 35955859Free PMC Article
The time sequence of brain MRI findings in spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Chen ST, Wu JW, Wang YF, Lirng JF, Hseu SS, Wang SJ
Cephalalgia 2022 Jan;42(1):12-19. Epub 2021 Sep 27 doi: 10.1177/03331024211044424. PMID: 34579563
Radiologic Findings in Pediatric Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.
Tey CS, Kadom N, Dedhia K
Otol Neurotol 2021 Sep 1;42(8):1201-1207. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000003188. PMID: 33973955
IgG4-related hypophysitis in adolescence.
Arya VB, El-Gasim SA, Das S, Reisz Z, Zebian B, D'Cruz D, King A, Hampton T, Aylwin SJB, Kapoor RR, Buchanan CR
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021 Mar 26;34(3):395-399. Epub 2020 Dec 14 doi: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0535. PMID: 33675204
Pituitary involvement in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis: case series and literature review.
Gu Y, Sun X, Peng M, Zhang T, Shi J, Mao J
Rheumatol Int 2019 Aug;39(8):1467-1476. Epub 2019 Jun 15 doi: 10.1007/s00296-019-04338-0. PMID: 31203400

Diagnosis

Pituitary Apoplexy: Risk Factors and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms.
Biagetti B, Simò R
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Aug 5;23(15) doi: 10.3390/ijms23158721. PMID: 35955859Free PMC Article
IgG4-related hypophysitis in adolescence.
Arya VB, El-Gasim SA, Das S, Reisz Z, Zebian B, D'Cruz D, King A, Hampton T, Aylwin SJB, Kapoor RR, Buchanan CR
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021 Mar 26;34(3):395-399. Epub 2020 Dec 14 doi: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0535. PMID: 33675204
Pituitary involvement in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis: case series and literature review.
Gu Y, Sun X, Peng M, Zhang T, Shi J, Mao J
Rheumatol Int 2019 Aug;39(8):1467-1476. Epub 2019 Jun 15 doi: 10.1007/s00296-019-04338-0. PMID: 31203400
Identification of a Novel PROP1 Mutation in a Patient with Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency and Enlarged Pituitary.
Penta L, Bizzarri C, Panichi M, Novelli A, Lepri FR, Cappa M, Esposito S
Int J Mol Sci 2019 Apr 16;20(8) doi: 10.3390/ijms20081875. PMID: 30988269Free PMC Article
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Mokri B
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2001 Mar;1(2):109-17. doi: 10.1007/s11910-001-0005-y. PMID: 11898506

Therapy

IgG4-related hypophysitis in adolescence.
Arya VB, El-Gasim SA, Das S, Reisz Z, Zebian B, D'Cruz D, King A, Hampton T, Aylwin SJB, Kapoor RR, Buchanan CR
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021 Mar 26;34(3):395-399. Epub 2020 Dec 14 doi: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0535. PMID: 33675204
Pituitary involvement in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis: case series and literature review.
Gu Y, Sun X, Peng M, Zhang T, Shi J, Mao J
Rheumatol Int 2019 Aug;39(8):1467-1476. Epub 2019 Jun 15 doi: 10.1007/s00296-019-04338-0. PMID: 31203400
Identification of a Novel PROP1 Mutation in a Patient with Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency and Enlarged Pituitary.
Penta L, Bizzarri C, Panichi M, Novelli A, Lepri FR, Cappa M, Esposito S
Int J Mol Sci 2019 Apr 16;20(8) doi: 10.3390/ijms20081875. PMID: 30988269Free PMC Article
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Mokri B
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2001 Mar;1(2):109-17. doi: 10.1007/s11910-001-0005-y. PMID: 11898506
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Mokri B
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2001 Jun;5(3):284-91. doi: 10.1007/s11916-001-0045-7. PMID: 11309218

Prognosis

Pituitary involvement in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis: case series and literature review.
Gu Y, Sun X, Peng M, Zhang T, Shi J, Mao J
Rheumatol Int 2019 Aug;39(8):1467-1476. Epub 2019 Jun 15 doi: 10.1007/s00296-019-04338-0. PMID: 31203400
Pituitary volume mediates the relationship between pubertal timing and depressive symptoms during adolescence.
Whittle S, Yücel M, Lorenzetti V, Byrne ML, Simmons JG, Wood SJ, Pantelis C, Allen NB
Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012 Jul;37(7):881-91. Epub 2011 Nov 8 doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.10.004. PMID: 22071452
Pituitary apoplexy as a consequence of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis in a pregnant woman: a case report.
Fujimaki T, Hotta S, Mochizuki T, Ayabe T, Matsuno A, Takagi K, Nakagomi T, Tamura A
Neurol Res 2005 Jun;27(4):399-402. doi: 10.1179/016164105X17341. PMID: 15949237
A case report of Sheehan syndrome presenting with diabetes insipidus.
Kan AK, Calligerous D
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1998 May;38(2):224-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1998.tb03009.x. PMID: 9653868
The course of lymphocytic hypophysitis.
Bitton RN, Slavin M, Decker RE, Zito J, Schneider BS
Surg Neurol 1991 Jul;36(1):40-3. doi: 10.1016/0090-3019(91)90131-r. PMID: 2053072

Clinical prediction guides

The time sequence of brain MRI findings in spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Chen ST, Wu JW, Wang YF, Lirng JF, Hseu SS, Wang SJ
Cephalalgia 2022 Jan;42(1):12-19. Epub 2021 Sep 27 doi: 10.1177/03331024211044424. PMID: 34579563
Radiologic Findings in Pediatric Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.
Tey CS, Kadom N, Dedhia K
Otol Neurotol 2021 Sep 1;42(8):1201-1207. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000003188. PMID: 33973955
Associations between dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels, pituitary volume, and social anxiety in children.
Murray CR, Simmons JG, Allen NB, Byrne ML, Mundy LK, Seal ML, Patton GC, Olsson CA, Whittle S
Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016 Feb;64:31-9. Epub 2015 Nov 12 doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.004. PMID: 26600008
Pituitary volume mediates the relationship between pubertal timing and depressive symptoms during adolescence.
Whittle S, Yücel M, Lorenzetti V, Byrne ML, Simmons JG, Wood SJ, Pantelis C, Allen NB
Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012 Jul;37(7):881-91. Epub 2011 Nov 8 doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.10.004. PMID: 22071452
Longitudinal hormonal and pituitary imaging changes in two females with combined pituitary hormone deficiency due to deletion of A301,G302 in the PROP1 gene.
Mendonca BB, Osorio MG, Latronico AC, Estefan V, Lo LS, Arnhold IJ
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 Mar;84(3):942-5. doi: 10.1210/jcem.84.3.5537. PMID: 10084575

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