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Germ cell tumor

MedGen UID:
60030
•Concept ID:
C0205851
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Germ Cell Neoplasms; Germ Cell Tumor; Germ Cell Tumors; Neoplasms, Germ Cell; Tumor, Germ Cell; Tumors, Germ Cell
SNOMED CT: Germ cell neoplasm (115233005); Germ cell tumor (402878003); Germ cell neoplasm (402878003); Germ cell tumor (28307001)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005040

Definition

A benign or malignant, gonadal or extragonadal neoplasm that originates from germ cells. Representative examples include teratoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, and yolk sac tumor. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVGerm cell tumor

Professional guidelines

PubMed

EANO, SNO and Euracan consensus review on the current management and future development of intracranial germ cell tumors in adolescents and young adults.
Frappaz D, Dhall G, Murray MJ, Goldman S, Faure Conter C, Allen J, Kortmann RD, Haas-Kogen D, Morana G, Finlay J, Nicholson JC, Bartels U, Souweidane M, Schönberger S, Vasiljevic A, Robertson P, Albanese A, Alapetite C, Czech T, Lau CC, Wen P, Schiff D, Shaw D, Calaminus G, Bouffet E
Neuro Oncol 2022 Apr 1;24(4):516-527. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab252. PMID: 34724065Free PMC Article
Management of Germ Cell Tumors in Pediatric Patients.
Weil BR, Billmire DF
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2021 Apr;30(2):325-338. Epub 2021 Feb 3 doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2020.11.011. PMID: 33706903
Central diabetes insipidus in children: Diagnosis and management.
Patti G, Ibba A, Morana G, Napoli F, Fava D, di Iorgi N, Maghnie M
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Sep;34(5):101440. Epub 2020 Jun 29 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101440. PMID: 32646670

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary: A Review.
Ramalingam P
Semin Diagn Pathol 2023 Jan;40(1):22-36. Epub 2022 Jul 29 doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2022.07.004. PMID: 36088223
Association between testicular cancer and microlithiasis.
Betancourt Sevilla MD, Granda González DF
Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed) 2022 Dec;46(10):587-599. Epub 2022 Jul 29 doi: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2022.07.002. PMID: 36216765
EANO, SNO and Euracan consensus review on the current management and future development of intracranial germ cell tumors in adolescents and young adults.
Frappaz D, Dhall G, Murray MJ, Goldman S, Faure Conter C, Allen J, Kortmann RD, Haas-Kogen D, Morana G, Finlay J, Nicholson JC, Bartels U, Souweidane M, Schönberger S, Vasiljevic A, Robertson P, Albanese A, Alapetite C, Czech T, Lau CC, Wen P, Schiff D, Shaw D, Calaminus G, Bouffet E
Neuro Oncol 2022 Apr 1;24(4):516-527. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab252. PMID: 34724065Free PMC Article
Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors.
Rosti G, Secondino S, Necchi A, Fornarini G, Pedrazzoli P
Semin Oncol 2019 Apr;46(2):107-111. Epub 2019 Apr 24 doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.04.001. PMID: 31076171
New insights into germ cell tumor genomics.
Lafin JT, Bagrodia A, Woldu S, Amatruda JF
Andrology 2019 Jul;7(4):507-515. Epub 2019 Mar 21 doi: 10.1111/andr.12616. PMID: 30896089

Diagnosis

Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary: A Review.
Ramalingam P
Semin Diagn Pathol 2023 Jan;40(1):22-36. Epub 2022 Jul 29 doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2022.07.004. PMID: 36088223
Long Non-Coding RNA RFPL3S Functions as a Biomarker of Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Prediction in Testicular Germ Cell Tumor.
Guo J, Wang S, Jiang Z, Tang L, Liu Z, Cao J, Hu Z, Chen X, Luo Y, Bo H
Front Immunol 2022;13:859730. Epub 2022 May 20 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859730. PMID: 35669771Free PMC Article
The Association of Ovarian Teratoma and Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: An Updated Integrative Review.
Wu CY, Wu JD, Chen CC
Int J Mol Sci 2021 Oct 9;22(20) doi: 10.3390/ijms222010911. PMID: 34681570Free PMC Article
Serum tumor markers and testicular germ cell tumors: a primer for radiologists.
Marshall C, Enzerra M, Rahnemai-Azar AA, Ramaiya NH
Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019 Mar;44(3):1083-1090. doi: 10.1007/s00261-018-1846-z. PMID: 30539249
Non-seminomatous mediastinal germ cell tumor and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.
Mukherjee S, Ibrahimi S, John S, Adnan MM, Scordino T, Khalil MO, Cherry M
Ann Hematol 2017 Sep;96(9):1435-1439. Epub 2017 Jun 3 doi: 10.1007/s00277-017-3037-3. PMID: 28578457

Therapy

Promising novel therapies for relapsed and refractory testicular germ cell tumors.
Kozakova K, Mego M, Cheng L, Chovanec M
Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021 Jan;21(1):53-69. Epub 2020 Nov 2 doi: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1838279. PMID: 33138660
Testicular cancer: Determinants of cisplatin sensitivity and novel therapeutic opportunities.
de Vries G, Rosas-Plaza X, van Vugt MATM, Gietema JA, de Jong S
Cancer Treat Rev 2020 Aug;88:102054. Epub 2020 Jun 8 doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102054. PMID: 32593915
Contemporary management of ovarian germ cell tumors and remaining controversies.
Veneris JT, Mahajan P, Frazier AL
Gynecol Oncol 2020 Aug;158(2):467-475. Epub 2020 Jun 5 doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.007. PMID: 32507650
Current Management of Refractory Germ Cell Tumors and Future Directions.
Allen JC, Kirschner A, Scarpato KR, Morgans AK
Curr Oncol Rep 2017 Feb;19(2):8. doi: 10.1007/s11912-017-0572-y. PMID: 28220447
Pediatric malignant germ cell tumors: A comparison of the neuro-oncology and solid tumor experience.
Plant AS, Chi SN, Frazier L
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016 Dec;63(12):2086-2095. Epub 2016 Aug 24 doi: 10.1002/pbc.26165. PMID: 27554756

Prognosis

miRNAs for testicular germ cell tumours: Contemporary indications for diagnosis, surveillance and follow-up.
Chavarriaga J, Hamilton RJ
Andrology 2023 May;11(4):628-633. Epub 2022 Nov 22 doi: 10.1111/andr.13337. PMID: 36373757
Assessment of Resectability of Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor Using Preoperative Computed Tomography.
Kawakubo N, Okubo Y, Yotsukura M, Yoshida Y, Nakagawa K, Yonemori K, Watanabe H, Yatabe Y, Watanabe SI
J Surg Res 2022 Apr;272:61-68. Epub 2021 Dec 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.11.002. PMID: 34936913
Therapeutic approaches for refractory germ cell cancer.
Oing C, Seidel C, Bokemeyer C
Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018 Apr;18(4):389-397. Epub 2018 Mar 12 doi: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1450630. PMID: 29516750
Results of Pulmonary Resection: Sarcoma and Germ Cell Tumors.
Ceppa DP
Thorac Surg Clin 2016 Feb;26(1):49-54. doi: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2015.09.007. PMID: 26611510
Neonatal neoplasms.
Halperin EC
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000 Apr 1;47(1):171-8. doi: 10.1016/s0360-3016(00)00424-7. PMID: 10758320

Clinical prediction guides

Scrotal Masses.
Langan RC, Puente MEE
Am Fam Physician 2022 Aug;106(2):184-189. PMID: 35977130
Long Non-Coding RNA RFPL3S Functions as a Biomarker of Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Prediction in Testicular Germ Cell Tumor.
Guo J, Wang S, Jiang Z, Tang L, Liu Z, Cao J, Hu Z, Chen X, Luo Y, Bo H
Front Immunol 2022;13:859730. Epub 2022 May 20 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859730. PMID: 35669771Free PMC Article
Promising novel therapies for relapsed and refractory testicular germ cell tumors.
Kozakova K, Mego M, Cheng L, Chovanec M
Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021 Jan;21(1):53-69. Epub 2020 Nov 2 doi: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1838279. PMID: 33138660
Testicular germ cell tumor genomics.
Woldu SL, Amatruda JF, Bagrodia A
Curr Opin Urol 2017 Jan;27(1):41-47. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000347. PMID: 27584029Free PMC Article
Germ cell tumors.
Hussain A
Curr Opin Oncol 2005 May;17(3):268-74. doi: 10.1097/01.cco.0000160750.33552.42. PMID: 15818173

Recent systematic reviews

The impact of testicular cancer and its treatment on masculinity: A systematic review.
Dax V, Ftanou M, Tran B, Lewin J, Wallace R, Seidler Z, Wiley JF
Psychooncology 2022 Sep;31(9):1459-1473. Epub 2022 Jul 21 doi: 10.1002/pon.5994. PMID: 35789023Free PMC Article
Long-term health outcomes of children born to mothers with hyperemesis gravidarum: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Nijsten K, Jansen LAW, Limpens J, Finken MJJ, Koot MH, Grooten IJ, Roseboom TJ, Painter RC
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 Sep;227(3):414-429.e17. Epub 2022 Mar 30 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.03.052. PMID: 35367190
Association Between Marijuana Use and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Ghasemiesfe M, Barrow B, Leonard S, Keyhani S, Korenstein D
JAMA Netw Open 2019 Nov 1;2(11):e1916318. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.16318. PMID: 31774524Free PMC Article
Association between vasectomy and risk of testicular cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Duan H, Deng T, Chen Y, Zhao Z, Wen Y, Chen Y, Li X, Zeng G
PLoS One 2018;13(3):e0194606. Epub 2018 Mar 22 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194606. PMID: 29566037Free PMC Article
The epidemiologic evidence linking prenatal and postnatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals with male reproductive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bonde JP, Flachs EM, Rimborg S, Glazer CH, Giwercman A, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Hougaard KS, Høyer BB, Hærvig KK, Petersen SB, Rylander L, Specht IO, Toft G, Bräuner EV
Hum Reprod Update 2016 Dec;23(1):104-125. Epub 2016 Sep 21 doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmw036. PMID: 27655588Free PMC Article

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