U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Focal epithelial hyperplasia

MedGen UID:
60066
•Concept ID:
C0206067
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: FEH, ORAL; Focal epithelial hyperplasia, oral; HECK DISEASE
SNOMED CT: Focal epithelial hyperplasia of mouth (6121001); Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia (6121001); Heck's disease (6121001); Oral focal epithelial hyperplasia (6121001); Focal epithelial hyperplasia (36949004)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0009237
OMIM®: 229045

Definition

Focal epithelial hyperplasia is a benign hyperplasia of the oral mucosa induced by human papillomavirus (HPV) (Premoli-De-Percoco et al., 1993). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Abnormality of the mouth
MedGen UID:
6447
•Concept ID:
C0026633
•
Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality of the mouth.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Focal epithelial hyperplasia of the oral mucosa
MedGen UID:
340674
•Concept ID:
C1851009
•
Neoplastic Process
The occurrence of multiple or unique whitish or normal in color small papules or nodules in oral cavity, especially on labial and buccal mucosa, lower lip and tongue, and less often on the upper lip, gingiva and palate.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Abnormality of the mouth
Focal epithelial hyperplasia of the oral mucosa

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVFocal epithelial hyperplasia

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Use of trichloroacetic acid for management of oral lesions caused by human papillomavirus.
Carmona Lorduy M, Harris Ricardo J, Hernández Arenas Y, Medina Carmona W
Gen Dent 2018 Mar-Apr;66(2):47-49. PMID: 29513235

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia.
Bendtsen SK, Jakobsen KK, Carlander AF, Grønhøj C, von Buchwald C
Viruses 2021 Aug 2;13(8) doi: 10.3390/v13081529. PMID: 34452393Free PMC Article
Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions.
Chapple ILC, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE, Bartold PM, Dommisch H, Eickholz P, Geisinger ML, Genco RJ, Glogauer M, Goldstein M, Griffin TJ, Holmstrup P, Johnson GK, Kapila Y, Lang NP, Meyle J, Murakami S, Plemons J, Romito GA, Shapira L, Tatakis DN, Teughels W, Trombelli L, Walter C, Wimmer G, Xenoudi P, Yoshie H
J Periodontol 2018 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S74-S84. doi: 10.1002/JPER.17-0719. PMID: 29926944
Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions.
Chapple ILC, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE, Bartold PM, Dommisch H, Eickholz P, Geisinger ML, Genco RJ, Glogauer M, Goldstein M, Griffin TJ, Holmstrup P, Johnson GK, Kapila Y, Lang NP, Meyle J, Murakami S, Plemons J, Romito GA, Shapira L, Tatakis DN, Teughels W, Trombelli L, Walter C, Wimmer G, Xenoudi P, Yoshie H
J Clin Periodontol 2018 Jun;45 Suppl 20:S68-S77. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12940. PMID: 29926499
Focal epithelial hyperplasia - an update.
Said AK, Leao JC, Fedele S, Porter SR
J Oral Pathol Med 2013 Jul;42(6):435-42. Epub 2012 Oct 14 doi: 10.1111/jop.12009. PMID: 23061874
Extensive focal epithelial hyperplasia.
Hashemipour MA, Shoryabi A, Adhami S, Mehrabizadeh Honarmand H
Arch Iran Med 2010 Jan;13(1):48-52. PMID: 20039770

Diagnosis

Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia.
Bendtsen SK, Jakobsen KK, Carlander AF, Grønhøj C, von Buchwald C
Viruses 2021 Aug 2;13(8) doi: 10.3390/v13081529. PMID: 34452393Free PMC Article
Oral human papilloma virus infection: an overview of clinical-laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
Orrù G, Mameli A, Demontis C, Rossi P, Ratto D, Occhinegro A, Piras V, Kuqi L, Berretta M, Taibi R, Scano A, Coni P
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019 Sep;23(18):8148-8157. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201909_19035. PMID: 31599444
Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions.
Chapple ILC, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE, Bartold PM, Dommisch H, Eickholz P, Geisinger ML, Genco RJ, Glogauer M, Goldstein M, Griffin TJ, Holmstrup P, Johnson GK, Kapila Y, Lang NP, Meyle J, Murakami S, Plemons J, Romito GA, Shapira L, Tatakis DN, Teughels W, Trombelli L, Walter C, Wimmer G, Xenoudi P, Yoshie H
J Periodontol 2018 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S74-S84. doi: 10.1002/JPER.17-0719. PMID: 29926944
Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions.
Chapple ILC, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE, Bartold PM, Dommisch H, Eickholz P, Geisinger ML, Genco RJ, Glogauer M, Goldstein M, Griffin TJ, Holmstrup P, Johnson GK, Kapila Y, Lang NP, Meyle J, Murakami S, Plemons J, Romito GA, Shapira L, Tatakis DN, Teughels W, Trombelli L, Walter C, Wimmer G, Xenoudi P, Yoshie H
J Clin Periodontol 2018 Jun;45 Suppl 20:S68-S77. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12940. PMID: 29926499
Multifocal Epithelial Hyperplasia.
Agnew C, Alexander S, Prabhu N
J Dent Child (Chic) 2017 Jan 15;84(1):47-49. PMID: 28387191

Therapy

Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia in Adult Patients With HIV Infection: Clearance With Topical Imiquimod.
Méndez-Flores S, Esquivel-Pedraza L, Hernández-Salazar A, Charli-Joseph Y, Saeb-Lima M
Skinmed 2016;14(5):395-397. Epub 2016 Oct 1 PMID: 27871359
Focal epithelial hyperplasia by human papillomavirus (HPV)-32 misdiagnosed as HPV-16 and treated with combination of retinoids, imiquimod and quadrivalent HPV vaccine.
Gemigniani F, Hernández-Losa J, Ferrer B, García-Patos V
J Dermatol 2015 Dec;42(12):1172-5. Epub 2015 Jun 5 doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.12967. PMID: 26047065
Focal epithelial hyperplasia.
Ruiz R, Silva GR, Menchaca HR
Lancet 2014 Jul 12;384(9938):173. Epub 2013 Nov 22 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62221-7. PMID: 24269109
Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) related to highly active antiretroviral therapy in an HIV-seropositive child. A report of a case, and a review of the literature.
Feller L, Khammissa RA, Wood NH, Malema V, Meyerov R, Lemmer J
SADJ 2010 May;65(4):172-5. PMID: 20632701
An uncommon focal epithelial hyperplasia manifestation.
dos Santos-Pinto L, Giro EM, Pansani CA, Ferrari J, Massucato EM, Spolidório LC
J Dent Child (Chic) 2009 Sep-Dec;76(3):233-6. PMID: 19941767

Prognosis

CD133 Role in Oral Carcinogenesis.
Luna ECM, Bezerra TMM, Barros Silva PG, Cavalcante RB, Costa FWG, Alves APNN, Chaves FN, Pereira KMA
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020 Sep 1;21(9):2501-2506. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.9.2501. PMID: 32986345Free PMC Article
Oral human papilloma virus infection: an overview of clinical-laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
Orrù G, Mameli A, Demontis C, Rossi P, Ratto D, Occhinegro A, Piras V, Kuqi L, Berretta M, Taibi R, Scano A, Coni P
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019 Sep;23(18):8148-8157. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201909_19035. PMID: 31599444
Unusually high incidence of multifocal epithelial hyperplasia in children of the Nahuatl population of Mexico.
Ledesma-Montes C, Mendez-Mendoza A
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2017 Nov-Dec;83(6):663-666. doi: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_442_16. PMID: 28799531
Biology and pathological associations of the human papillomaviruses: a review.
Cheah PL, Looi LM
Malays J Pathol 1998 Jun;20(1):1-10. PMID: 10879257
Heck's disease (focal epithelial hyperplasia): a longitudinal study.
Harris AM, van Wyk CW
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1993 Apr;21(2):82-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1993.tb00726.x. PMID: 8387416

Clinical prediction guides

An update on Heck's disease-a systematic review.
Sethi S, Ali A, Ju X, Antonsson A, Logan R, Jamieson L
J Public Health (Oxf) 2022 Jun 27;44(2):269-285. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa256. PMID: 33501985
CD133 Role in Oral Carcinogenesis.
Luna ECM, Bezerra TMM, Barros Silva PG, Cavalcante RB, Costa FWG, Alves APNN, Chaves FN, Pereira KMA
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020 Sep 1;21(9):2501-2506. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.9.2501. PMID: 32986345Free PMC Article
Focal epithelial hyperplasia - an update.
Said AK, Leao JC, Fedele S, Porter SR
J Oral Pathol Med 2013 Jul;42(6):435-42. Epub 2012 Oct 14 doi: 10.1111/jop.12009. PMID: 23061874
Clinicopathological and immunocytochemical study of multifocal epithelial hyperplasia.
Ledesma-Montes C, Garcés-Ortíz M, Hernández-Guerrero JC
J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007 Nov;65(11):2211-7. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2006.11.035. PMID: 17954316
Focal epithelial hyperplasia: report of six cases from Ghana, West Africa.
Nartey NO, Newman MA, Nyako EA
J Clin Pediatr Dent 2002 Fall;27(1):63-6. doi: 10.17796/jcpd.27.1.q3125147j7750067. PMID: 12413174

Recent systematic reviews

An update on Heck's disease-a systematic review.
Sethi S, Ali A, Ju X, Antonsson A, Logan R, Jamieson L
J Public Health (Oxf) 2022 Jun 27;44(2):269-285. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa256. PMID: 33501985

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • OMIM
      Related records in OMIM
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed
    • PubMed (OMIM)
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...