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Abnormal vaginal bleeding

MedGen UID:
661931
•Concept ID:
C0578503
•
Finding
SNOMED CT: Abnormal vaginal bleeding (301822002)
 
HPO: HP:0034263

Definition

Abnormal vaginal bleeding occurs between menstrual periods, after sex, or after menopause. Menstrual periods that are heavier or last longer than usual or last more than seven days also are considered abnormal. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Identification and treatment of primary cervical gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: a retrospective study of 13 patients and literature review.
Wang X, Yang J, Wan X, Feng F, Zhao J, Ren T, Xiang Y
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021 Nov 18;16(1):480. doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-02111-w. PMID: 34794477Free PMC Article
Uterine arteriovenous malformation - diagnosis and management.
Szpera-Goździewicz A, Gruca-Stryjak K, Bręborowicz GH, Ropacka-Lesiak M
Ginekol Pol 2018;89(5):276-279. doi: 10.5603/GP.a2018.0047. PMID: 30084480
Management of Vaginal Cancer.
Shrivastava SB, Agrawal G, Mittal M, Mishra P
Rev Recent Clin Trials 2015;10(4):289-97. doi: 10.2174/1574887110666150923112958. PMID: 26411952

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women.
Bugge C, Adams EJ, Gopinath D, Stewart F, Dembinsky M, Sobiesuo P, Kearney R
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Nov 18;11(11):CD004010. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004010.pub4. PMID: 33207004Free PMC Article
Ultrasound characteristics of endometrial cancer as defined by International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) consensus nomenclature: prospective multicenter study.
Epstein E, Fischerova D, Valentin L, Testa AC, Franchi D, Sladkevicius P, Frühauf F, Lindqvist PG, Mascilini F, Fruscio R, Haak LA, Opolskiene G, Pascual MA, Alcazar JL, Chiappa V, Guerriero S, Carlson JW, Van Holsbeke C, Leone FPG, De Moor B, Bourne T, van Calster B, Installe A, Timmerman D, Verbakel JY, Van den Bosch T
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018 Jun;51(6):818-828. doi: 10.1002/uog.18909. PMID: 28944985
Abnormal vaginal bleeding in women with gynaecological malignancies.
Adams T, Denny L
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017 Apr;40:134-147. Epub 2016 Oct 26 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.09.014. PMID: 27856158
Management of Vaginal Cancer.
Shrivastava SB, Agrawal G, Mittal M, Mishra P
Rev Recent Clin Trials 2015;10(4):289-97. doi: 10.2174/1574887110666150923112958. PMID: 26411952
Papillary proliferation of the endometrium: a clinicopathologic study of 59 cases of simple and complex papillae without cytologic atypia.
Ip PP, Irving JA, McCluggage WG, Clement PB, Young RH
Am J Surg Pathol 2013 Feb;37(2):167-77. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e318272d428. PMID: 23211295

Diagnosis

Uterine arteriovenous malformation - diagnosis and management.
Szpera-Goździewicz A, Gruca-Stryjak K, Bręborowicz GH, Ropacka-Lesiak M
Ginekol Pol 2018;89(5):276-279. doi: 10.5603/GP.a2018.0047. PMID: 30084480
Ultrasound characteristics of endometrial cancer as defined by International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) consensus nomenclature: prospective multicenter study.
Epstein E, Fischerova D, Valentin L, Testa AC, Franchi D, Sladkevicius P, Frühauf F, Lindqvist PG, Mascilini F, Fruscio R, Haak LA, Opolskiene G, Pascual MA, Alcazar JL, Chiappa V, Guerriero S, Carlson JW, Van Holsbeke C, Leone FPG, De Moor B, Bourne T, van Calster B, Installe A, Timmerman D, Verbakel JY, Van den Bosch T
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018 Jun;51(6):818-828. doi: 10.1002/uog.18909. PMID: 28944985
Abnormal vaginal bleeding in women with gynaecological malignancies.
Adams T, Denny L
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017 Apr;40:134-147. Epub 2016 Oct 26 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.09.014. PMID: 27856158
Menstrual disorders.
Deligeoroglou E, Creatsas G
Endocr Dev 2012;22:160-170. Epub 2012 Jul 25 doi: 10.1159/000331697. PMID: 22846527
Abnormal vaginal bleeding.
Bryan S
Emerg Med (Fremantle) 2003 Jun;15(3):215-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-2026.2003.00461.x. PMID: 12786640

Therapy

Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women.
Bugge C, Adams EJ, Gopinath D, Stewart F, Dembinsky M, Sobiesuo P, Kearney R
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Nov 18;11(11):CD004010. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004010.pub4. PMID: 33207004Free PMC Article
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
Capuano A, Scavone C, Vitale C, Sportiello L, Rossi F, Rosano GM, Coats AJ
Int J Cardiol 2015 Dec 1;200:15-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.038. PMID: 26404747
Abnormal vaginal bleeding in adolescents.
Gray SH, Emans SJ
Pediatr Rev 2007 May;28(5):175-82. doi: 10.1542/pir.28-5-175. PMID: 17473122
Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: endometrial hyperplasia and irregular bleeding.
Lethaby A, Suckling J, Barlow D, Farquhar CM, Jepson RG, Roberts H
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(3):CD000402. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000402.pub2. PMID: 15266429
Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: endometrial hyperplasia and irregular bleeding.
Lethaby A, Farquhar C, Sarkis A, Roberts H, Jepson R, Barlow D
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000402. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000402. PMID: 10796715

Prognosis

Abnormal vaginal bleeding in women with venous thromboembolism treated with apixaban or warfarin.
Brekelmans MP, Scheres LJ, Bleker SM, Hutten BA, Timmermans A, Büller HR, Middeldorp S
Thromb Haemost 2017 Apr 3;117(4):809-815. Epub 2017 Feb 9 doi: 10.1160/TH16-11-0874. PMID: 28180233
Management of Vaginal Cancer.
Shrivastava SB, Agrawal G, Mittal M, Mishra P
Rev Recent Clin Trials 2015;10(4):289-97. doi: 10.2174/1574887110666150923112958. PMID: 26411952
Müllerian adenosarcoma: a review of cases and literature.
Huang PS, Chang WC, Huang SC
Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 2014;35(6):617-20. PMID: 25556263
Tamoxifen and endometrial pathologies: a prospective study.
Seoud M, Shamseddine A, Khalil A, Salem Z, Saghir N, Bikhazi K, Bitar N, Azar G, Kaspar H
Gynecol Oncol 1999 Oct;75(1):15-9. doi: 10.1006/gyno.1999.5519. PMID: 10502419
Anovulatory uterine bleeding.
Poindexter AN, Ritter MB
Compr Ther 1983 Dec;9(12):65-71. PMID: 6368113

Clinical prediction guides

Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women.
Bugge C, Adams EJ, Gopinath D, Stewart F, Dembinsky M, Sobiesuo P, Kearney R
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Nov 18;11(11):CD004010. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004010.pub4. PMID: 33207004Free PMC Article
Ultrasound characteristics of endometrial cancer as defined by International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) consensus nomenclature: prospective multicenter study.
Epstein E, Fischerova D, Valentin L, Testa AC, Franchi D, Sladkevicius P, Frühauf F, Lindqvist PG, Mascilini F, Fruscio R, Haak LA, Opolskiene G, Pascual MA, Alcazar JL, Chiappa V, Guerriero S, Carlson JW, Van Holsbeke C, Leone FPG, De Moor B, Bourne T, van Calster B, Installe A, Timmerman D, Verbakel JY, Van den Bosch T
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018 Jun;51(6):818-828. doi: 10.1002/uog.18909. PMID: 28944985
Immediate versus delayed postpartum insertion of contraceptive implant for contraception.
Sothornwit J, Werawatakul Y, Kaewrudee S, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Apr 22;4(4):CD011913. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011913.pub2. PMID: 28432791Free PMC Article
Abnormal vaginal bleeding after epidural steroid injection: a paired observation cohort study.
Suh-Burgmann E, Hung YY, Mura J
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013 Sep;209(3):206.e1-6. Epub 2013 Jun 28 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.06.045. PMID: 23816843
Progestin-only oral contraception: a comprehensive review.
McCann MF, Potter LS
Contraception 1994 Dec;50(6 Suppl 1):S1-195. PMID: 10226677

Recent systematic reviews

Levonorgestrel intrauterine system for endometrial protection in women with breast cancer on adjuvant tamoxifen.
Romero SA, Young K, Hickey M, Su HI
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Dec 21;12(12):CD007245. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007245.pub4. PMID: 33348436Free PMC Article
Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women.
Bugge C, Adams EJ, Gopinath D, Stewart F, Dembinsky M, Sobiesuo P, Kearney R
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Nov 18;11(11):CD004010. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004010.pub4. PMID: 33207004Free PMC Article
Immediate versus delayed postpartum insertion of contraceptive implant for contraception.
Sothornwit J, Werawatakul Y, Kaewrudee S, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Apr 22;4(4):CD011913. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011913.pub2. PMID: 28432791Free PMC Article
Levonorgestrel intrauterine system for endometrial protection in women with breast cancer on adjuvant tamoxifen.
Dominick S, Hickey M, Chin J, Su HI
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 Dec 9;2015(12):CD007245. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007245.pub3. PMID: 26649916Free PMC Article
Levonorgestrel intrauterine system for endometrial protection in women with breast cancer on adjuvant tamoxifen.
Chin J, Konje JC, Hickey M
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009 Oct 7;(4):CD007245. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007245.pub2. PMID: 19821400

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