U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Near esotropia

MedGen UID:
676679
•Concept ID:
C0730501
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Non-accomodative convergence excess esotropia
SNOMED CT: Near esotropia (313154006)
 
HPO: HP:0031722

Definition

An intermittent esotropia where there is binocular single vision on distance fixation and esotropia at near even when the accommodation is relieved. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVNear esotropia

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Spasm of the Near Reflex: Literature Review and Proposed Management Strategy.
Hyndman J
J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2018 Jul-Sep;68(3):78-86. Epub 2018 Jul 6 doi: 10.1080/2576117X.2018.1486680. PMID: 30196785
Evaluation and Prism Management of Divergence Insufficiency Esotropia.
Haller T
Am Orthopt J 2015;65:40-3. doi: 10.3368/aoj.65.1.40. PMID: 26564925
Divergence Insufficiency Esotropia: Surgical Treatment.
Pineles SL
Am Orthopt J 2015;65:35-9. doi: 10.3368/aoj.65.1.35. PMID: 26564924Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Are binocular alignment and convergence amplitude different between phakic and pseudophakic older patients?
Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Asharlous A, Hashemi A
Strabismus 2022 Dec;30(4):190-195. Epub 2022 Oct 14 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2022.2134432. PMID: 36239198
Increasing incidence and risk factors for divergence insufficiency esotropia.
Chen X, Marsh JD, Zafar S, Gerber EE, Guyton DL
J AAPOS 2021 Oct;25(5):278.e1-278.e6. Epub 2021 Sep 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2021.05.013. PMID: 34582959
Outcome of surgery for near angle in patient with incomitant distance/near esotropia and without manifest deviation at distance.
Scaramuzzi M, Serafino M, Nucci P
Eur J Ophthalmol 2021 Nov;31(6):3394-3398. Epub 2020 Nov 2 doi: 10.1177/1120672120964697. PMID: 33135499
Modified Y- split and recession of medial rectus muscles in convergence excess esotropia.
Bagheri A, Abbasnia E, Tavakoli M
Eur J Ophthalmol 2021 Nov;31(6):3386-3393. Epub 2020 Oct 23 doi: 10.1177/1120672120965494. PMID: 33092400
Preoperative prism adaptation in acquired esotropia with convergence excess.
Wygnanski-Jaffe T, Trotter J, Watts P, Kraft SP, Abdolell M
J AAPOS 2003 Feb;7(1):28-33. doi: 10.1067/mpa.2003.S1091853102420174. PMID: 12690366

Diagnosis

Are binocular alignment and convergence amplitude different between phakic and pseudophakic older patients?
Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Asharlous A, Hashemi A
Strabismus 2022 Dec;30(4):190-195. Epub 2022 Oct 14 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2022.2134432. PMID: 36239198
Increasing incidence and risk factors for divergence insufficiency esotropia.
Chen X, Marsh JD, Zafar S, Gerber EE, Guyton DL
J AAPOS 2021 Oct;25(5):278.e1-278.e6. Epub 2021 Sep 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2021.05.013. PMID: 34582959
Modified Y- split and recession of medial rectus muscles in convergence excess esotropia.
Bagheri A, Abbasnia E, Tavakoli M
Eur J Ophthalmol 2021 Nov;31(6):3386-3393. Epub 2020 Oct 23 doi: 10.1177/1120672120965494. PMID: 33092400
Diagnosis and management of accommodative esotropia.
Liang SL, Fricke TR
Clin Exp Optom 2006 Sep;89(5):325-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2006.00059.x. PMID: 16907672
The effect of surgery on the AC/A ratio.
Lucas E, Bentley CR, Aclimandos WA
Eye (Lond) 1994;8 ( Pt 1):109-14. doi: 10.1038/eye.1994.21. PMID: 8013701

Therapy

Preoperative prism adaptation in acquired esotropia with convergence excess.
Wygnanski-Jaffe T, Trotter J, Watts P, Kraft SP, Abdolell M
J AAPOS 2003 Feb;7(1):28-33. doi: 10.1067/mpa.2003.S1091853102420174. PMID: 12690366
Abnormal distance--near esotropia.
Albert DG, Lederman ME
Doc Ophthalmol 1973 Feb 21;34(1):27-36. doi: 10.1007/BF00151792. PMID: 4706095

Prognosis

Increasing incidence and risk factors for divergence insufficiency esotropia.
Chen X, Marsh JD, Zafar S, Gerber EE, Guyton DL
J AAPOS 2021 Oct;25(5):278.e1-278.e6. Epub 2021 Sep 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2021.05.013. PMID: 34582959
Diagnosis and management of accommodative esotropia.
Liang SL, Fricke TR
Clin Exp Optom 2006 Sep;89(5):325-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2006.00059.x. PMID: 16907672
Medial rectus pulley posterior fixation: a novel technique to augment recession.
Clark RA, Ariyasu R, Demer JL
J AAPOS 2004 Oct;8(5):451-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2004.07.008. PMID: 15492738
Results of unilateral medial rectus recession in high AC/A ratio esotropia.
Procianoy E, Justo DM
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1991 Jul-Aug;28(4):212-4. doi: 10.3928/0191-3913-19910701-06. PMID: 1919968
Abnormal distance--near esotropia.
Albert DG, Lederman ME
Doc Ophthalmol 1973 Feb 21;34(1):27-36. doi: 10.1007/BF00151792. PMID: 4706095

Clinical prediction guides

Medial rectus pulley posterior fixation: a novel technique to augment recession.
Clark RA, Ariyasu R, Demer JL
J AAPOS 2004 Oct;8(5):451-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2004.07.008. PMID: 15492738

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...