U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Exsanguination

MedGen UID:
68550
•Concept ID:
C0232100
•
Pathologic Function
Synonyms: Exsanguinating Hemorrhage; Exsanguinating Hemorrhages; Hemorrhage, Exsanguinating; Hemorrhages, Exsanguinating
SNOMED CT: Exsanguination (48149007); Total blood loss (48149007)

Definition

Extensive loss of blood due to internal or external hemorrhage. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVExsanguination

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnosis and Management of Traumatic Hemipelvectomy.
Patch DA, Hess MC, Spitler CA, Johnson JP
J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2022 Sep 15;30(18):888-895. Epub 2022 May 24 doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-21-01018. PMID: 36166384
The systemic immune response to trauma: an overview of pathophysiology and treatment.
Lord JM, Midwinter MJ, Chen YF, Belli A, Brohi K, Kovacs EJ, Koenderman L, Kubes P, Lilford RJ
Lancet 2014 Oct 18;384(9952):1455-65. Epub 2014 Oct 17 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60687-5. PMID: 25390327Free PMC Article
Primary aortoenteric fistula.
Saers SJ, Scheltinga MR
Br J Surg 2005 Feb;92(2):143-52. doi: 10.1002/bjs.4928. PMID: 15685700

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Vasa Previa.
Oyelese Y, Javinani A, Shamshirsaz AA
Obstet Gynecol 2023 Sep 1;142(3):503-518. Epub 2023 Aug 3 doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005287. PMID: 37590981Free PMC Article
Epistaxis and mortality.
Integrate (The National ENT Trainee Research Network)
J Laryngol Otol 2018 Dec;132(12):1061-1066. Epub 2018 Nov 20 doi: 10.1017/S0022215118002013. PMID: 30457066
Transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 vs a 1:1:2 ratio and mortality in patients with severe trauma: the PROPPR randomized clinical trial.
Holcomb JB, Tilley BC, Baraniuk S, Fox EE, Wade CE, Podbielski JM, del Junco DJ, Brasel KJ, Bulger EM, Callcut RA, Cohen MJ, Cotton BA, Fabian TC, Inaba K, Kerby JD, Muskat P, O'Keeffe T, Rizoli S, Robinson BR, Scalea TM, Schreiber MA, Stein DM, Weinberg JA, Callum JL, Hess JR, Matijevic N, Miller CN, Pittet JF, Hoyt DB, Pearson GD, Leroux B, van Belle G; PROPPR Study Group
JAMA 2015 Feb 3;313(5):471-82. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.12. PMID: 25647203Free PMC Article
The CRASH-2 trial: a randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of the effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events and transfusion requirement in bleeding trauma patients.
Roberts I, Shakur H, Coats T, Hunt B, Balogun E, Barnetson L, Cook L, Kawahara T, Perel P, Prieto-Merino D, Ramos M, Cairns J, Guerriero C
Health Technol Assess 2013 Mar;17(10):1-79. doi: 10.3310/hta17100. PMID: 23477634Free PMC Article
Hepatic trauma.
Sheldon GF, Rutledge R
Adv Surg 1989;22:179-93. PMID: 2645745

Diagnosis

Vasa Previa.
Oyelese Y, Javinani A, Shamshirsaz AA
Obstet Gynecol 2023 Sep 1;142(3):503-518. Epub 2023 Aug 3 doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005287. PMID: 37590981Free PMC Article
Thoracic outlet syndrome: a review.
Panther EJ, Reintgen CD, Cueto RJ, Hao KA, Chim H, King JJ
J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2022 Nov;31(11):e545-e561. Epub 2022 Aug 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.06.026. PMID: 35963513
Life-Threatening Hemoptysis.
Deshwal H, Sinha A, Mehta AC
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021 Feb;42(1):145-159. Epub 2020 Aug 30 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1714386. PMID: 32862418
Acute Management of the Traumatically Injured Pelvis.
Skitch S, Engels PT
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2018 Feb;36(1):161-179. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2017.08.011. PMID: 29132575
The CRASH-2 trial: a randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of the effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events and transfusion requirement in bleeding trauma patients.
Roberts I, Shakur H, Coats T, Hunt B, Balogun E, Barnetson L, Cook L, Kawahara T, Perel P, Prieto-Merino D, Ramos M, Cairns J, Guerriero C
Health Technol Assess 2013 Mar;17(10):1-79. doi: 10.3310/hta17100. PMID: 23477634Free PMC Article

Therapy

Vasa Previa.
Oyelese Y, Javinani A, Shamshirsaz AA
Obstet Gynecol 2023 Sep 1;142(3):503-518. Epub 2023 Aug 3 doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005287. PMID: 37590981Free PMC Article
Hematopoietic stem cells under pressure.
Ganuza M, McKinney-Freeman S
Curr Opin Hematol 2017 Jul;24(4):314-321. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000347. PMID: 28375987Free PMC Article
Transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 vs a 1:1:2 ratio and mortality in patients with severe trauma: the PROPPR randomized clinical trial.
Holcomb JB, Tilley BC, Baraniuk S, Fox EE, Wade CE, Podbielski JM, del Junco DJ, Brasel KJ, Bulger EM, Callcut RA, Cohen MJ, Cotton BA, Fabian TC, Inaba K, Kerby JD, Muskat P, O'Keeffe T, Rizoli S, Robinson BR, Scalea TM, Schreiber MA, Stein DM, Weinberg JA, Callum JL, Hess JR, Matijevic N, Miller CN, Pittet JF, Hoyt DB, Pearson GD, Leroux B, van Belle G; PROPPR Study Group
JAMA 2015 Feb 3;313(5):471-82. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.12. PMID: 25647203Free PMC Article
The CRASH-2 trial: a randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of the effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events and transfusion requirement in bleeding trauma patients.
Roberts I, Shakur H, Coats T, Hunt B, Balogun E, Barnetson L, Cook L, Kawahara T, Perel P, Prieto-Merino D, Ramos M, Cairns J, Guerriero C
Health Technol Assess 2013 Mar;17(10):1-79. doi: 10.3310/hta17100. PMID: 23477634Free PMC Article
Vascular prostheses.
Manfredi RA, Allison EJ Jr
Emerg Med Clin North Am 1994 Aug;12(3):657-77. PMID: 8062792

Prognosis

The emerging therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in trauma.
Alsaadi N, Srinivasan AJ, Seshadri A, Shiel M, Neal MD, Scott MJ
J Leukoc Biol 2022 Jan;111(1):93-111. Epub 2021 Sep 17 doi: 10.1002/JLB.3MIR0621-298R. PMID: 34533241Free PMC Article
Epistaxis and mortality.
Integrate (The National ENT Trainee Research Network)
J Laryngol Otol 2018 Dec;132(12):1061-1066. Epub 2018 Nov 20 doi: 10.1017/S0022215118002013. PMID: 30457066
Transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 vs a 1:1:2 ratio and mortality in patients with severe trauma: the PROPPR randomized clinical trial.
Holcomb JB, Tilley BC, Baraniuk S, Fox EE, Wade CE, Podbielski JM, del Junco DJ, Brasel KJ, Bulger EM, Callcut RA, Cohen MJ, Cotton BA, Fabian TC, Inaba K, Kerby JD, Muskat P, O'Keeffe T, Rizoli S, Robinson BR, Scalea TM, Schreiber MA, Stein DM, Weinberg JA, Callum JL, Hess JR, Matijevic N, Miller CN, Pittet JF, Hoyt DB, Pearson GD, Leroux B, van Belle G; PROPPR Study Group
JAMA 2015 Feb 3;313(5):471-82. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.12. PMID: 25647203Free PMC Article
The CRASH-2 trial: a randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of the effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events and transfusion requirement in bleeding trauma patients.
Roberts I, Shakur H, Coats T, Hunt B, Balogun E, Barnetson L, Cook L, Kawahara T, Perel P, Prieto-Merino D, Ramos M, Cairns J, Guerriero C
Health Technol Assess 2013 Mar;17(10):1-79. doi: 10.3310/hta17100. PMID: 23477634Free PMC Article
Primary aortoenteric fistula.
Saers SJ, Scheltinga MR
Br J Surg 2005 Feb;92(2):143-52. doi: 10.1002/bjs.4928. PMID: 15685700

Clinical prediction guides

Imaging in traumatic injury to the inferior vena cava.
Eleti S, Roshen M, Griffiths M, Cross S
Clin Radiol 2021 Oct;76(10):787.e15-787.e25. Epub 2021 Jun 6 doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.05.012. PMID: 34108097
Epistaxis and mortality.
Integrate (The National ENT Trainee Research Network)
J Laryngol Otol 2018 Dec;132(12):1061-1066. Epub 2018 Nov 20 doi: 10.1017/S0022215118002013. PMID: 30457066
Clinical gestalt and the prediction of massive transfusion after trauma.
Pommerening MJ, Goodman MD, Holcomb JB, Wade CE, Fox EE, Del Junco DJ, Brasel KJ, Bulger EM, Cohen MJ, Alarcon LH, Schreiber MA, Myers JG, Phelan HA, Muskat P, Rahbar M, Cotton BA; MPH on behalf of the PROMMTT Study Group
Injury 2015 May;46(5):807-13. Epub 2015 Feb 4 doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.12.026. PMID: 25682314Free PMC Article
Transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 vs a 1:1:2 ratio and mortality in patients with severe trauma: the PROPPR randomized clinical trial.
Holcomb JB, Tilley BC, Baraniuk S, Fox EE, Wade CE, Podbielski JM, del Junco DJ, Brasel KJ, Bulger EM, Callcut RA, Cohen MJ, Cotton BA, Fabian TC, Inaba K, Kerby JD, Muskat P, O'Keeffe T, Rizoli S, Robinson BR, Scalea TM, Schreiber MA, Stein DM, Weinberg JA, Callum JL, Hess JR, Matijevic N, Miller CN, Pittet JF, Hoyt DB, Pearson GD, Leroux B, van Belle G; PROPPR Study Group
JAMA 2015 Feb 3;313(5):471-82. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.12. PMID: 25647203Free PMC Article
The CRASH-2 trial: a randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of the effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events and transfusion requirement in bleeding trauma patients.
Roberts I, Shakur H, Coats T, Hunt B, Balogun E, Barnetson L, Cook L, Kawahara T, Perel P, Prieto-Merino D, Ramos M, Cairns J, Guerriero C
Health Technol Assess 2013 Mar;17(10):1-79. doi: 10.3310/hta17100. PMID: 23477634Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Impact of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in traumatic abdominal and pelvic exsanguination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Granieri S, Frassini S, Cimbanassi S, Bonomi A, Paleino S, Lomaglio L, Chierici A, Bruno F, Biondi R, Di Saverio S, Khan M, Cotsoglou C
Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2022 Oct;48(5):3561-3574. Epub 2022 Mar 20 doi: 10.1007/s00068-022-01955-6. PMID: 35307763
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in the management of major exsanguination.
Borger van der Burg BLS, van Dongen TTCF, Morrison JJ, Hedeman Joosten PPA, DuBose JJ, Hörer TM, Hoencamp R
Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2018 Aug;44(4):535-550. Epub 2018 May 21 doi: 10.1007/s00068-018-0959-y. PMID: 29785654Free PMC Article
A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Slaughter and Processing Interventions to Control Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in Beef and Pork.
Young I, Wilhelm BJ, Cahill S, Nakagawa R, Desmarchelier P, Rajić A
J Food Prot 2016 Dec;79(12):2196-2210. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-16-203. PMID: 28104927Free PMC Article
Animal experimentation in forensic sciences: How far have we come?
Cattaneo C, Maderna E, Rendinelli A, Gibelli D
Forensic Sci Int 2015 Sep;254:e29-35. Epub 2015 Jul 15 doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.06.024. PMID: 26216717
Venous injuries in pediatric trauma: Systematic review of injuries and management.
Rowland SP, Dharmarajah B, Moore HM, Dharmarajah K, Davies AH
J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014 Aug;77(2):356-63. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000000312. PMID: 25058265

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Related information

    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...