U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Persistent infection

MedGen UID:
688822
•Concept ID:
C1264606
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Infection, Long Term; Infection, Persistent; Long Term Infection; Long Term Infections; Persistent Infection; Persistent Infections
SNOMED CT: Persistent infection (115648009)

Definition

Infection which lasts for a long period with continuous display of clinical features. Persistent infection arises due to inability of host cells to clear primary infections completely. When persistent infections are cleared so that infection symptoms are under control they are often referred to as chronic infections. LATENT INFECTIONS are infections in which manifestation of clinical symptoms appear later. [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPersistent infection

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Failure of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures: Case Analysis and Subsequent Treatment Options.
Lee C, Song M
J Endod 2022 Sep;48(9):1137-1145. Epub 2022 Jun 14 doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.06.002. PMID: 35714726
Current trends in the management and prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Kyriazoglou A, Liontos M, A Dimopoulos M, Gavriatopoulou M
J BUON 2020 May-Jun;25(3):1281-1285. PMID: 32862567
Hepatitis C Virus: Viral Quasispecies and Genotypes.
Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Kohara M
Int J Mol Sci 2017 Dec 22;19(1) doi: 10.3390/ijms19010023. PMID: 29271914Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Persistent Human Papillomavirus Infection.
Della Fera AN, Warburton A, Coursey TL, Khurana S, McBride AA
Viruses 2021 Feb 20;13(2) doi: 10.3390/v13020321. PMID: 33672465Free PMC Article
Microbiome and Cervical Cancer.
Castanheira CP, Sallas ML, Nunes RAL, Lorenzi NPC, Termini L
Pathobiology 2021;88(2):187-197. Epub 2020 Nov 23 doi: 10.1159/000511477. PMID: 33227782
Current trends in the management and prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Kyriazoglou A, Liontos M, A Dimopoulos M, Gavriatopoulou M
J BUON 2020 May-Jun;25(3):1281-1285. PMID: 32862567
Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection.
Camilo V, Sugiyama T, Touati E
Helicobacter 2017 Sep;22 Suppl 1 doi: 10.1111/hel.12405. PMID: 28891130
From Q Fever to Coxiella burnetii Infection: a Paradigm Change.
Eldin C, Mélenotte C, Mediannikov O, Ghigo E, Million M, Edouard S, Mege JL, Maurin M, Raoult D
Clin Microbiol Rev 2017 Jan;30(1):115-190. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00045-16. PMID: 27856520Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Pulmonary aspergillosis: diagnosis and treatment.
Lamoth F, Calandra T
Eur Respir Rev 2022 Dec 31;31(166) Epub 2022 Nov 29 doi: 10.1183/16000617.0114-2022. PMID: 36450372Free PMC Article
Chronic hepatitis E: Advancing research and patient care.
Ma Z, de Man RA, Kamar N, Pan Q
J Hepatol 2022 Oct;77(4):1109-1123. Epub 2022 May 21 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.05.006. PMID: 35605741
Secondary immunodeficiencies: An overview.
Tuano KS, Seth N, Chinen J
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021 Dec;127(6):617-626. Epub 2021 Sep 3 doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.413. PMID: 34481993
Current trends in the management and prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Kyriazoglou A, Liontos M, A Dimopoulos M, Gavriatopoulou M
J BUON 2020 May-Jun;25(3):1281-1285. PMID: 32862567
From Q Fever to Coxiella burnetii Infection: a Paradigm Change.
Eldin C, Mélenotte C, Mediannikov O, Ghigo E, Million M, Edouard S, Mege JL, Maurin M, Raoult D
Clin Microbiol Rev 2017 Jan;30(1):115-190. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00045-16. PMID: 27856520Free PMC Article

Therapy

Antibiotic Therapy for 6 or 12 Weeks for Prosthetic Joint Infection.
Bernard L, Arvieux C, Brunschweiler B, Touchais S, Ansart S, Bru JP, Oziol E, Boeri C, Gras G, Druon J, Rosset P, Senneville E, Bentayeb H, Bouhour D, Le Moal G, Michon J, Aumaître H, Forestier E, Laffosse JM, Begué T, Chirouze C, Dauchy FA, Devaud E, Martha B, Burgot D, Boutoille D, Stindel E, Dinh A, Bemer P, Giraudeau B, Issartel B, Caille A
N Engl J Med 2021 May 27;384(21):1991-2001. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2020198. PMID: 34042388
Immunotherapy With Radiotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy for Cervical Cancer.
Feng CH, Mell LK, Sharabi AB, McHale M, Mayadev JS
Semin Radiat Oncol 2020 Oct;30(4):273-280. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2020.05.003. PMID: 32828383
Human papillomavirus vaccine against cervical cancer: Opportunity and challenge.
Wang R, Pan W, Jin L, Huang W, Li Y, Wu D, Gao C, Ma D, Liao S
Cancer Lett 2020 Feb 28;471:88-102. Epub 2019 Dec 5 doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.039. PMID: 31812696
Targeting Persistent Human Papillomavirus Infection.
Shanmugasundaram S, You J
Viruses 2017 Aug 18;9(8) doi: 10.3390/v9080229. PMID: 28820433Free PMC Article
Recent advances in understanding norovirus pathogenesis.
Karst SM, Tibbetts SA
J Med Virol 2016 Nov;88(11):1837-43. Epub 2016 May 5 doi: 10.1002/jmv.24559. PMID: 27110852Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Human Papillomavirus: Screening, Testing, and Prevention.
Quinlan JD
Am Fam Physician 2021 Aug 1;104(2):152-159. PMID: 34383440
Short-course antibiotic regimen compared to conventional antibiotic treatment for gram-positive cocci infective endocarditis: randomized clinical trial (SATIE).
Olmos C, Vilacosta I, López J, Sáez C, Anguita M, García-Granja PE, Sarriá C, Silva J, Álvarez-Álvarez B, Martínez-Monzonis MA, Castillo JC, Seijas J, López-Picado A, Peral V, Maroto L, San Román JA
BMC Infect Dis 2020 Jun 16;20(1):417. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05132-1. PMID: 32546269Free PMC Article
Family History of Gastric Cancer and Helicobacter pylori Treatment.
Choi IJ, Kim CG, Lee JY, Kim YI, Kook MC, Park B, Joo J
N Engl J Med 2020 Jan 30;382(5):427-436. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1909666. PMID: 31995688
HPV testing compared with routine cytology in cervical screening: long-term follow-up of ARTISTIC RCT.
Gilham C, Sargent A, Kitchener HC, Peto J
Health Technol Assess 2019 Jun;23(28):1-44. doi: 10.3310/hta23280. PMID: 31219027Free PMC Article
Efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine against HPV Infection and disease in males.
Giuliano AR, Palefsky JM, Goldstone S, Moreira ED Jr, Penny ME, Aranda C, Vardas E, Moi H, Jessen H, Hillman R, Chang YH, Ferris D, Rouleau D, Bryan J, Marshall JB, Vuocolo S, Barr E, Radley D, Haupt RM, Guris D
N Engl J Med 2011 Feb 3;364(5):401-11. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0909537. PMID: 21288094Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Lymphoid Malignancies.
Lee CY, Shah MK, Hoyos D, Solovyov A, Douglas M, Taur Y, Maslak P, Babady NE, Greenbaum B, Kamboj M, Vardhana SA
Cancer Discov 2022 Jan;12(1):62-73. Epub 2021 Nov 9 doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-1033. PMID: 34753749Free PMC Article
Cervicovaginal microbiota dysbiosis correlates with HPV persistent infection.
Qingqing B, Jie Z, Songben Q, Juan C, Lei Z, Mu X
Microb Pathog 2021 Mar;152:104617. Epub 2020 Nov 15 doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104617. PMID: 33207260
Current trends in the management and prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Kyriazoglou A, Liontos M, A Dimopoulos M, Gavriatopoulou M
J BUON 2020 May-Jun;25(3):1281-1285. PMID: 32862567
Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Dhar N, McKinney J, Manina G
Microbiol Spectr 2016 Nov;4(6) doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0021-2016. PMID: 27837741
The pathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus persistent infection.
Thorley-Lawson DA, Hawkins JB, Tracy SI, Shapiro M
Curr Opin Virol 2013 Jun;3(3):227-32. Epub 2013 May 15 doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2013.04.005. PMID: 23683686Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media.
Chong LY, Head K, Webster KE, Dew J, Richmond P, Snelling T, Bhutta MF, Schilder AG, Burton MJ, Brennan-Jones CG
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Feb 4;2(2):CD013052. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013052.pub2. PMID: 35819801Free PMC Article
The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus and cervical dysplasia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Norenhag J, Du J, Olovsson M, Verstraelen H, Engstrand L, Brusselaers N
BJOG 2020 Jan;127(2):171-180. Epub 2019 Jul 17 doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.15854. PMID: 31237400
The vaginal microbiota and its association with human papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Tamarelle J, Thiébaut ACM, de Barbeyrac B, Bébéar C, Ravel J, Delarocque-Astagneau E
Clin Microbiol Infect 2019 Jan;25(1):35-47. Epub 2018 May 3 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.019. PMID: 29729331Free PMC Article
Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors.
Arbyn M, Xu L, Simoens C, Martin-Hirsch PP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 May 9;5(5):CD009069. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009069.pub3. PMID: 29740819Free PMC Article
Supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) for maintaining the dentition in adults treated for periodontitis.
Manresa C, Sanz-Miralles EC, Twigg J, Bravo M
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Jan 1;1(1):CD009376. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009376.pub2. PMID: 29291254Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...