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Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

MedGen UID:
69303
•Concept ID:
C0242966
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic; Sepsis Syndrome; Sepsis Syndromes; Syndrome, Sepsis; Syndromes, Sepsis; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
SNOMED CT: SIRS - System inflammatory response syndrome (238149007); Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (238149007); Sepsis syndrome (238150007); Septic syndrome (238150007)

Definition

A generalized state of dysregulated inflammation induced by noninfectious processes. It is characterized by two or more of the following signs and symptoms: fever or hypothermia, increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, and abnormal white blood cell count. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVSystemic inflammatory response syndrome

Professional guidelines

PubMed

SIRS or not SIRS: Is that the infection? A critical review of the sepsis definition criteria.
Jaramillo-Bustamante JC, Piñeres-Olave BE, González-Dambrauskas S
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2020;77(6):293-302. doi: 10.24875/BMHIM.20000202. PMID: 33186343
American Gastroenterological Association Clinical Practice Update: Management of Pancreatic Necrosis.
Baron TH, DiMaio CJ, Wang AY, Morgan KA
Gastroenterology 2020 Jan;158(1):67-75.e1. Epub 2019 Aug 31 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.07.064. PMID: 31479658
American College of Gastroenterology guideline: management of acute pancreatitis.
Tenner S, Baillie J, DeWitt J, Vege SS; American College of Gastroenterology
Am J Gastroenterol 2013 Sep;108(9):1400-15; 1416. Epub 2013 Jul 30 doi: 10.1038/ajg.2013.218. PMID: 23896955

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Diagnostic and prognostic value of procalcitonin in patients with sepsis.
Mustafić S, Brkić S, Prnjavorac B, Sinanović A, Porobić Jahić H, Salkić S
Med Glas (Zenica) 2018 Aug 1;15(2):93-100. doi: 10.17392/963-18. PMID: 30047536
The inflammatory response to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): a review of the pathophysiology.
Millar JE, Fanning JP, McDonald CI, McAuley DF, Fraser JF
Crit Care 2016 Nov 28;20(1):387. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1570-4. PMID: 27890016Free PMC Article
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria in defining severe sepsis.
Kaukonen KM, Bailey M, Pilcher D, Cooper DJ, Bellomo R
N Engl J Med 2015 Apr 23;372(17):1629-38. Epub 2015 Mar 17 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1415236. PMID: 25776936
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS): where did it come from and is it still relevant today?
Balk RA
Virulence 2014 Jan 1;5(1):20-6. Epub 2013 Nov 13 doi: 10.4161/viru.27135. PMID: 24280933Free PMC Article
Complications of massive transfusion.
Sihler KC, Napolitano LM
Chest 2010 Jan;137(1):209-20. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-0252. PMID: 20051407

Diagnosis

SIRS or not SIRS: Is that the infection? A critical review of the sepsis definition criteria.
Jaramillo-Bustamante JC, Piñeres-Olave BE, González-Dambrauskas S
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2020;77(6):293-302. doi: 10.24875/BMHIM.20000202. PMID: 33186343
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome After Surgery: Mechanisms and Protection.
Margraf A, Ludwig N, Zarbock A, Rossaint J
Anesth Analg 2020 Dec;131(6):1693-1707. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005175. PMID: 33186158
Acute Inflammation and Metabolism.
Varela ML, Mogildea M, Moreno I, Lopes A
Inflammation 2018 Aug;41(4):1115-1127. doi: 10.1007/s10753-018-0739-1. PMID: 29404872
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria in defining severe sepsis.
Kaukonen KM, Bailey M, Pilcher D, Cooper DJ, Bellomo R
N Engl J Med 2015 Apr 23;372(17):1629-38. Epub 2015 Mar 17 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1415236. PMID: 25776936
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS): where did it come from and is it still relevant today?
Balk RA
Virulence 2014 Jan 1;5(1):20-6. Epub 2013 Nov 13 doi: 10.4161/viru.27135. PMID: 24280933Free PMC Article

Therapy

Biomarkers for sepsis: more than just fever and leukocytosis-a narrative review.
Barichello T, Generoso JS, Singer M, Dal-Pizzol F
Crit Care 2022 Jan 6;26(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s13054-021-03862-5. PMID: 34991675Free PMC Article
American Gastroenterological Association Clinical Practice Update: Management of Pancreatic Necrosis.
Baron TH, DiMaio CJ, Wang AY, Morgan KA
Gastroenterology 2020 Jan;158(1):67-75.e1. Epub 2019 Aug 31 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.07.064. PMID: 31479658
Sepsis: Current Definition, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management.
Taeb AM, Hooper MH, Marik PE
Nutr Clin Pract 2017 Jun;32(3):296-308. Epub 2017 Mar 17 doi: 10.1177/0884533617695243. PMID: 28537517
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS): where did it come from and is it still relevant today?
Balk RA
Virulence 2014 Jan 1;5(1):20-6. Epub 2013 Nov 13 doi: 10.4161/viru.27135. PMID: 24280933Free PMC Article
Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock.
Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, Ressler J, Muzzin A, Knoblich B, Peterson E, Tomlanovich M; Early Goal-Directed Therapy Collaborative Group
N Engl J Med 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1368-77. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa010307. PMID: 11794169

Prognosis

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C): a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.
Santos MO, Gonçalves LC, Silva PAN, Moreira ALE, Ito CRM, Peixoto FAO, Wastowski IJ, Carneiro LC, Avelino MAG
J Pediatr (Rio J) 2022 Jul-Aug;98(4):338-349. Epub 2021 Dec 3 doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.08.006. PMID: 34863701Free PMC Article
SIRS or not SIRS: Is that the infection? A critical review of the sepsis definition criteria.
Jaramillo-Bustamante JC, Piñeres-Olave BE, González-Dambrauskas S
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2020;77(6):293-302. doi: 10.24875/BMHIM.20000202. PMID: 33186343
Early, Nurse-Directed Sepsis Care.
Ferguson A, Coates DE, Osborn S, Blackmore CC, Williams B
Am J Nurs 2019 Jan;119(1):52-58. doi: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000552614.89028.d6. PMID: 30589710
A Comparison of the Quick-SOFA and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Criteria for the Diagnosis of Sepsis and Prediction of Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Serafim R, Gomes JA, Salluh J, Póvoa P
Chest 2018 Mar;153(3):646-655. Epub 2017 Dec 28 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.12.015. PMID: 29289687
Complications of massive transfusion.
Sihler KC, Napolitano LM
Chest 2010 Jan;137(1):209-20. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-0252. PMID: 20051407

Clinical prediction guides

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance for Patients With COVID-19.
Petersen SE, Friedrich MG, Leiner T, Elias MD, Ferreira VM, Fenski M, Flamm SD, Fogel M, Garg R, Halushka MK, Hays AG, Kawel-Boehm N, Kramer CM, Nagel E, Ntusi NAB, Ostenfeld E, Pennell DJ, Raisi-Estabragh Z, Reeder SB, Rochitte CE, Starekova J, Suchá D, Tao Q, Schulz-Menger J, Bluemke DA
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2022 Apr;15(4):685-699. Epub 2021 Oct 13 doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.08.021. PMID: 34656482Free PMC Article
External Validation of a Widely Implemented Proprietary Sepsis Prediction Model in Hospitalized Patients.
Wong A, Otles E, Donnelly JP, Krumm A, McCullough J, DeTroyer-Cooley O, Pestrue J, Phillips M, Konye J, Penoza C, Ghous M, Singh K
JAMA Intern Med 2021 Aug 1;181(8):1065-1070. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.2626. PMID: 34152373Free PMC Article
Systemic Inflammation Response Index and Systemic Immune-inflammation Index for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
Yun S, Yi HJ, Lee DH, Sung JH
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021 Aug;30(8):105861. Epub 2021 May 23 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105861. PMID: 34034125
A Comparison of the Quick-SOFA and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Criteria for the Diagnosis of Sepsis and Prediction of Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Serafim R, Gomes JA, Salluh J, Póvoa P
Chest 2018 Mar;153(3):646-655. Epub 2017 Dec 28 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.12.015. PMID: 29289687
Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, and Early Warning Scores for Detecting Clinical Deterioration in Infected Patients outside the Intensive Care Unit.
Churpek MM, Snyder A, Han X, Sokol S, Pettit N, Howell MD, Edelson DP
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017 Apr 1;195(7):906-911. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201604-0854OC. PMID: 27649072Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C): a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.
Santos MO, Gonçalves LC, Silva PAN, Moreira ALE, Ito CRM, Peixoto FAO, Wastowski IJ, Carneiro LC, Avelino MAG
J Pediatr (Rio J) 2022 Jul-Aug;98(4):338-349. Epub 2021 Dec 3 doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.08.006. PMID: 34863701Free PMC Article
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19: a systematic review.
Hoste L, Van Paemel R, Haerynck F
Eur J Pediatr 2021 Jul;180(7):2019-2034. Epub 2021 Feb 18 doi: 10.1007/s00431-021-03993-5. PMID: 33599835Free PMC Article
Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children & adolescents (MIS-C): A systematic review of clinical features and presentation.
Radia T, Williams N, Agrawal P, Harman K, Weale J, Cook J, Gupta A
Paediatr Respir Rev 2021 Jun;38:51-57. Epub 2020 Aug 11 doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.08.001. PMID: 32891582Free PMC Article
A Comparison of the Quick-SOFA and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Criteria for the Diagnosis of Sepsis and Prediction of Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Serafim R, Gomes JA, Salluh J, Póvoa P
Chest 2018 Mar;153(3):646-655. Epub 2017 Dec 28 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.12.015. PMID: 29289687
Procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Wacker C, Prkno A, Brunkhorst FM, Schlattmann P
Lancet Infect Dis 2013 May;13(5):426-35. Epub 2013 Feb 1 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70323-7. PMID: 23375419

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