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Lentigo

MedGen UID:
7301
•Concept ID:
C0023321
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Lentigines
SNOMED CT: Lentiginosis (402624000); Lentigo (767376003)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0021582
OMIM®: 150900

Definition

A flat, benign, pigmented spot on the skin caused by excessive deposition of melanin from an increased number of melanocytes in the cell layer directly above the basement membrane of the epidermis. Formation is usually related to sun exposure during youth, and the lesions do not typically progress to malignancy. [from NCI]

Clinical features

From HPO
Abnormality of the skin
MedGen UID:
11449
•Concept ID:
C0037268
•
Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality of the skin.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Nystagmus
MedGen UID:
45166
•Concept ID:
C0028738
•
Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
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Professional guidelines

PubMed

PRAME is a useful marker for the differential diagnosis of melanocytic tumours and histological mimics.
Chen YP, Zhang WW, Qiu YT, Ke LF, Chen H, Chen G
Histopathology 2023 Jan;82(2):285-295. Epub 2022 Oct 13 doi: 10.1111/his.14814. PMID: 36200756
Lentigo maligna: diagnosis and treatment.
De Luca EV, Perino F, Di Stefani A, Coco V, Fossati B, Peris K
G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2020 Apr;155(2):179-189. Epub 2018 Apr 19 doi: 10.23736/S0392-0488.18.06003-0. PMID: 29683288
Guidelines of care for the management of primary cutaneous melanoma.
Swetter SM, Tsao H, Bichakjian CK, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Elder DE, Gershenwald JE, Guild V, Grant-Kels JM, Halpern AC, Johnson TM, Sober AJ, Thompson JA, Wisco OJ, Wyatt S, Hu S, Lamina T
J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 Jan;80(1):208-250. Epub 2018 Nov 1 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.055. PMID: 30392755

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Histopathologic classification and prognostic factors of melanoma: a 2021 update.
Bobos M
Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2021 Jun;156(3):300-321. Epub 2021 May 13 doi: 10.23736/S2784-8671.21.06958-3. PMID: 33982546
Melanomas.
Longo C, Pellacani G
Dermatol Clin 2016 Oct;34(4):411-419. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2016.05.004. PMID: 27692447
Lentigo maligna.
Samaniego E, Redondo P
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Nov;104(9):757-75. Epub 2012 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.05.006. PMID: 22857817
Lasers.
Passeron T
Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012 Dec;139 Suppl 4:S159-65. doi: 10.1016/S0151-9638(12)70129-1. PMID: 23522632
Lentiginous melanoma.
King R
Arch Pathol Lab Med 2011 Mar;135(3):337-41. doi: 10.5858/2009-0538-RA.1. PMID: 21366457

Diagnosis

Lentigo maligna: diagnosis and treatment.
De Luca EV, Perino F, Di Stefani A, Coco V, Fossati B, Peris K
G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2020 Apr;155(2):179-189. Epub 2018 Apr 19 doi: 10.23736/S0392-0488.18.06003-0. PMID: 29683288
Melanocyte Activation Mechanisms and Rational Therapeutic Treatments of Solar Lentigos.
Imokawa G
Int J Mol Sci 2019 Jul 26;20(15) doi: 10.3390/ijms20153666. PMID: 31357457Free PMC Article
Lentigo maligna.
Samaniego E, Redondo P
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Nov;104(9):757-75. Epub 2012 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.05.006. PMID: 22857817
Lasers.
Passeron T
Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012 Dec;139 Suppl 4:S159-65. doi: 10.1016/S0151-9638(12)70129-1. PMID: 23522632
Lentigo maligna.
Smalberger GJ, Siegel DM, Khachemoune A
Dermatol Ther 2008 Nov-Dec;21(6):439-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2008.00244.x. PMID: 19076621

Therapy

Topical Stabilized Cysteamine as a New Treatment for Hyperpigmentation Disorders: Melasma, Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation, and Lentigines.
Desai S, Hartman C, Grimes P, Shah S
J Drugs Dermatol 2021 Dec 1;20(12):1276-1279. doi: 10.36849/jdd.6367. PMID: 34898155
A Role for NRF2-Signaling in the Treatment and Prevention of Solar Lentigines.
Kerns ML, Chien AL, Kang S
Plast Reconstr Surg 2021 Dec 1;148(6S):27S-31S. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000008783. PMID: 34847095
Melanocyte Activation Mechanisms and Rational Therapeutic Treatments of Solar Lentigos.
Imokawa G
Int J Mol Sci 2019 Jul 26;20(15) doi: 10.3390/ijms20153666. PMID: 31357457Free PMC Article
Lentigo maligna.
Samaniego E, Redondo P
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Nov;104(9):757-75. Epub 2012 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.05.006. PMID: 22857817
The melanogenesis and mechanisms of skin-lightening agents--existing and new approaches.
Gillbro JM, Olsson MJ
Int J Cosmet Sci 2011 Jun;33(3):210-21. Epub 2011 Jan 25 doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00616.x. PMID: 21265866

Prognosis

Classification and Staging of Melanoma in the Head and Neck.
Bunnell AM, Nedrud SM, Fernandes RP
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2022 May;34(2):221-234. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2021.12.001. PMID: 35491079
Molecular Markers and Targets in Melanoma.
Teixido C, Castillo P, Martinez-Vila C, Arance A, Alos L
Cells 2021 Sep 5;10(9) doi: 10.3390/cells10092320. PMID: 34571969Free PMC Article
Histopathologic classification and prognostic factors of melanoma: a 2021 update.
Bobos M
Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2021 Jun;156(3):300-321. Epub 2021 May 13 doi: 10.23736/S2784-8671.21.06958-3. PMID: 33982546
Management of Early-Stage Melanoma.
Quintanilla-Dieck MJ, Bichakjian CK
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2019 Feb;27(1):35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2018.08.003. PMID: 30420071
Lentigo maligna.
Smalberger GJ, Siegel DM, Khachemoune A
Dermatol Ther 2008 Nov-Dec;21(6):439-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2008.00244.x. PMID: 19076621

Clinical prediction guides

Classification and Staging of Melanoma in the Head and Neck.
Bunnell AM, Nedrud SM, Fernandes RP
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2022 May;34(2):221-234. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2021.12.001. PMID: 35491079
Histopathologic classification and prognostic factors of melanoma: a 2021 update.
Bobos M
Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2021 Jun;156(3):300-321. Epub 2021 May 13 doi: 10.23736/S2784-8671.21.06958-3. PMID: 33982546
Melanocyte Activation Mechanisms and Rational Therapeutic Treatments of Solar Lentigos.
Imokawa G
Int J Mol Sci 2019 Jul 26;20(15) doi: 10.3390/ijms20153666. PMID: 31357457Free PMC Article
Lasers.
Passeron T
Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012 Dec;139 Suppl 4:S159-65. doi: 10.1016/S0151-9638(12)70129-1. PMID: 23522632
Azelaic acid.
Nazzaro-Porro M
J Am Acad Dermatol 1987 Dec;17(6):1033-41. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(87)70294-1. PMID: 2963038

Recent systematic reviews

Lentigo maligna (melanoma): A systematic review and meta-analysis on surgical techniques and presurgical mapping by reflectance confocal microscopy.
Elshot YS, Tio DCKS, van Haersma-de With ASE, Ouwerkerk W, Zupan-Kajcovski B, Crijns MB, Limpens CEJM, Klop WMC, Bekkenk MW, Balm AJM, de Rie MA
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023 May;37(5):871-883. Epub 2023 Jan 31 doi: 10.1111/jdv.18880. PMID: 36652277
Associations of thiazide use with skin cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Shao SC, Lai CC, Chen YH, Lai EC, Hung MJ, Chi CC
BMC Med 2022 Jul 7;20(1):228. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02419-9. PMID: 35794547Free PMC Article
Radiotherapy for lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma - a systematic review.
Hendrickx A, Cozzio A, Plasswilm L, Panje CM
Radiat Oncol 2020 Jul 14;15(1):174. doi: 10.1186/s13014-020-01615-2. PMID: 32664998Free PMC Article
A systematic review on the role of imiquimod in lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma: need for standardization of treatment schedule and outcome measures.
Tio D, van der Woude J, Prinsen CAC, Jansma EP, Hoekzema R, van Montfrans C
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017 Apr;31(4):616-624. Epub 2017 Jan 23 doi: 10.1111/jdv.14085. PMID: 27987308
A systematic review of non-surgical treatments for lentigo maligna.
Read T, Noonan C, David M, Wagels M, Foote M, Schaider H, Soyer HP, Smithers BM
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016 May;30(5):748-53. Epub 2015 Aug 24 doi: 10.1111/jdv.13252. PMID: 26299846

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