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Lentigo

MedGen UID:
7301
•Concept ID:
C0023321
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Lentigines
SNOMED CT: Lentiginosis (402624000); Lentigo (767376003)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0021582
OMIM®: 150900

Definition

A flat, benign, pigmented spot on the skin caused by excessive deposition of melanin from an increased number of melanocytes in the cell layer directly above the basement membrane of the epidermis. Formation is usually related to sun exposure during youth, and the lesions do not typically progress to malignancy. [from NCI]

Clinical features

From HPO
Abnormality of the skin
MedGen UID:
1845238
•Concept ID:
C5848159
•
Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormality of the skin.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Nystagmus
MedGen UID:
45166
•Concept ID:
C0028738
•
Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
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Professional guidelines

PubMed

Update on Lentigo Maligna: Diagnostic Signs and Treatment.
Requena C, Manrique E, Nagore E
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2023 May;114(5):413-424. Epub 2023 Mar 15 doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.02.019. PMID: 36925098
Lentigo maligna: diagnosis and treatment.
De Luca EV, Perino F, Di Stefani A, Coco V, Fossati B, Peris K
G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2020 Apr;155(2):179-189. Epub 2018 Apr 19 doi: 10.23736/S0392-0488.18.06003-0. PMID: 29683288
Guidelines of care for the management of primary cutaneous melanoma.
Swetter SM, Tsao H, Bichakjian CK, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Elder DE, Gershenwald JE, Guild V, Grant-Kels JM, Halpern AC, Johnson TM, Sober AJ, Thompson JA, Wisco OJ, Wyatt S, Hu S, Lamina T
J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 Jan;80(1):208-250. Epub 2018 Nov 1 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.055. PMID: 30392755

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Lentigo maligna: a review.
Karponis D, Stratigos IA, Joshy J, Craig PJ, Mistry K, van Bodegraven B, Venables ZC, Levell NJ
Clin Exp Dermatol 2024 Feb 14;49(3):218-225. doi: 10.1093/ced/llad394. PMID: 37966718
Dermoscopy of atypical pigmented lesions of the face: Variation according to facial areas.
Tognetti L, Cartocci A, Cinotti E, D'Onghia M, Żychowska M, Moscarella E, Dika E, Farnetani F, Guida S, Paoli J, Lallas A, Tiodorovic D, Stanganelli I, Longo C, Suppa M, Zalaudek I, Argenziano G, Perrot JL, Rubegni G, Cataldo G, Rubegni P
Exp Dermatol 2023 Dec;32(12):2166-2172. Epub 2023 Sep 28 doi: 10.1111/exd.14941. PMID: 37770421
Melanomas.
Longo C, Pellacani G
Dermatol Clin 2016 Oct;34(4):411-419. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2016.05.004. PMID: 27692447
Lentigo maligna.
Samaniego E, Redondo P
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Nov;104(9):757-75. Epub 2012 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.05.006. PMID: 22857817
Lentiginous melanoma.
King R
Arch Pathol Lab Med 2011 Mar;135(3):337-41. doi: 10.5858/2009-0538-RA.1. PMID: 21366457

Diagnosis

Dermoscopy of atypical pigmented lesions of the face: Variation according to facial areas.
Tognetti L, Cartocci A, Cinotti E, D'Onghia M, Żychowska M, Moscarella E, Dika E, Farnetani F, Guida S, Paoli J, Lallas A, Tiodorovic D, Stanganelli I, Longo C, Suppa M, Zalaudek I, Argenziano G, Perrot JL, Rubegni G, Cataldo G, Rubegni P
Exp Dermatol 2023 Dec;32(12):2166-2172. Epub 2023 Sep 28 doi: 10.1111/exd.14941. PMID: 37770421
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma, facts and an opinion.
Sina N, Saeed-Kamil Z, Ghazarian D
J Clin Pathol 2021 Jan;74(1):7-9. Epub 2020 Oct 13 doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-207051. PMID: 33051287
Management of Early-Stage Melanoma.
Quintanilla-Dieck MJ, Bichakjian CK
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2019 Feb;27(1):35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2018.08.003. PMID: 30420071
Lentigo maligna.
Samaniego E, Redondo P
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Nov;104(9):757-75. Epub 2012 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.05.006. PMID: 22857817
Lentiginous melanoma.
King R
Arch Pathol Lab Med 2011 Mar;135(3):337-41. doi: 10.5858/2009-0538-RA.1. PMID: 21366457

Therapy

Treatment of Lentigines: A Systematic Review.
Mukovozov I, Roesler J, Kashetsky N, Gregory A
Dermatol Surg 2023 Jan 1;49(1):17-24. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000003630. PMID: 36533790
Sun-induced freckling: ephelides and solar lentigines.
Praetorius C, Sturm RA, Steingrimsson E
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014 May;27(3):339-50. Epub 2014 Mar 3 doi: 10.1111/pcmr.12232. PMID: 24517859
Lentigo maligna.
Samaniego E, Redondo P
Actas Dermosifiliogr 2013 Nov;104(9):757-75. Epub 2012 Jul 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.05.006. PMID: 22857817
The melanogenesis and mechanisms of skin-lightening agents--existing and new approaches.
Gillbro JM, Olsson MJ
Int J Cosmet Sci 2011 Jun;33(3):210-21. Epub 2011 Jan 25 doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00616.x. PMID: 21265866
Azelaic acid. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in acne and hyperpigmentary skin disorders.
Fitton A, Goa KL
Drugs 1991 May;41(5):780-98. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199141050-00007. PMID: 1712709

Prognosis

Classification and Staging of Melanoma in the Head and Neck.
Bunnell AM, Nedrud SM, Fernandes RP
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2022 May;34(2):221-234. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2021.12.001. PMID: 35491079
Molecular Markers and Targets in Melanoma.
Teixido C, Castillo P, Martinez-Vila C, Arance A, Alos L
Cells 2021 Sep 5;10(9) doi: 10.3390/cells10092320. PMID: 34571969Free PMC Article
Histopathologic classification and prognostic factors of melanoma: a 2021 update.
Bobos M
Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2021 Jun;156(3):300-321. Epub 2021 May 13 doi: 10.23736/S2784-8671.21.06958-3. PMID: 33982546
Management of Early-Stage Melanoma.
Quintanilla-Dieck MJ, Bichakjian CK
Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2019 Feb;27(1):35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2018.08.003. PMID: 30420071
Malignant melanoma.
Runkle GP, Zaloznik AJ
Am Fam Physician 1994 Jan;49(1):91-8, 102-4. PMID: 8273727

Clinical prediction guides

Lentigo maligna: a review.
Karponis D, Stratigos IA, Joshy J, Craig PJ, Mistry K, van Bodegraven B, Venables ZC, Levell NJ
Clin Exp Dermatol 2024 Feb 14;49(3):218-225. doi: 10.1093/ced/llad394. PMID: 37966718
Classification and Staging of Melanoma in the Head and Neck.
Bunnell AM, Nedrud SM, Fernandes RP
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2022 May;34(2):221-234. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2021.12.001. PMID: 35491079
Histopathologic classification and prognostic factors of melanoma: a 2021 update.
Bobos M
Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2021 Jun;156(3):300-321. Epub 2021 May 13 doi: 10.23736/S2784-8671.21.06958-3. PMID: 33982546
Sun-induced freckling: ephelides and solar lentigines.
Praetorius C, Sturm RA, Steingrimsson E
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014 May;27(3):339-50. Epub 2014 Mar 3 doi: 10.1111/pcmr.12232. PMID: 24517859
Lasers.
Passeron T
Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012 Dec;139 Suppl 4:S159-65. doi: 10.1016/S0151-9638(12)70129-1. PMID: 23522632

Recent systematic reviews

Treatment of Lentigines: A Systematic Review.
Mukovozov I, Roesler J, Kashetsky N, Gregory A
Dermatol Surg 2023 Jan 1;49(1):17-24. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000003630. PMID: 36533790
Associations of thiazide use with skin cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Shao SC, Lai CC, Chen YH, Lai EC, Hung MJ, Chi CC
BMC Med 2022 Jul 7;20(1):228. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02419-9. PMID: 35794547Free PMC Article
Radiotherapy for lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma - a systematic review.
Hendrickx A, Cozzio A, Plasswilm L, Panje CM
Radiat Oncol 2020 Jul 14;15(1):174. doi: 10.1186/s13014-020-01615-2. PMID: 32664998Free PMC Article
Topical treatments for skin cancer.
Cullen JK, Simmons JL, Parsons PG, Boyle GM
Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020 Jan 1;153:54-64. Epub 2019 Nov 6 doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.11.002. PMID: 31705912
A systematic review of non-surgical treatments for lentigo maligna.
Read T, Noonan C, David M, Wagels M, Foote M, Schaider H, Soyer HP, Smithers BM
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016 May;30(5):748-53. Epub 2015 Aug 24 doi: 10.1111/jdv.13252. PMID: 26299846

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