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Axial myopia

MedGen UID:
730761
•Concept ID:
C1443296
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Myopia, axial
SNOMED CT: Axial myopia (408757002)
 
HPO: HP:0031730

Definition

A form of myopia related to an axial length above the norm and too long for the refractive power of the whole optical system of the eye. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAxial myopia

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Is Orthokeratology Treatment Zone Decentration Effective and Safe in Controlling Myopic Progression?
Chu M, Zhao Y, Hu P, Chen D, Yu Y, Ni H
Eye Contact Lens 2023 Apr 1;49(4):147-151. Epub 2023 Feb 17 doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000981. PMID: 36807268
Efficacy of primary silicone oil tamponade for the treatment of retinal detachment caused by macular hole in high myopia.
Nishimura A, Kimura M, Saito Y, Sugiyama K
Am J Ophthalmol 2011 Jan;151(1):148-55. Epub 2010 Dec 4 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.07.023. PMID: 21130979
Acquired restrictive strabismus and high axial myopia: diagnosis and management.
Louis M, Flanders M, Chankowsky J, Lindley S, Polomeno R
Can J Ophthalmol 2009 Aug;44(4):437-40. doi: 10.3129/i09-070. PMID: 19606166

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

IMI-Management and Investigation of High Myopia in Infants and Young Children.
Flitcroft I, Ainsworth J, Chia A, Cotter S, Harb E, Jin ZB, Klaver CCW, Moore AT, Nischal KK, Ohno-Matsui K, Paysse EA, Repka MX, Smirnova IY, Snead M, Verhoeven VJM, Verkicharla PK
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023 May 1;64(6):3. doi: 10.1167/iovs.64.6.3. PMID: 37126360Free PMC Article
Axial myopia, a protective factor for diabetic retinopathy-role of vascular endothelial growth factor.
Kulshrestha A, Singh N, Moharana B, Gupta PC, Ram J, Singh R
Sci Rep 2022 May 5;12(1):7325. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11220-w. PMID: 35513467Free PMC Article
IMI - Defining and Classifying Myopia: A Proposed Set of Standards for Clinical and Epidemiologic Studies.
Flitcroft DI, He M, Jonas JB, Jong M, Naidoo K, Ohno-Matsui K, Rahi J, Resnikoff S, Vitale S, Yannuzzi L
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019 Feb 28;60(3):M20-M30. doi: 10.1167/iovs.18-25957. PMID: 30817826Free PMC Article
Ocular biometric characteristics of cataract patients in western China.
Huang Q, Huang Y, Luo Q, Fan W
BMC Ophthalmol 2018 Apr 17;18(1):99. doi: 10.1186/s12886-018-0770-x. PMID: 29665792Free PMC Article
Aberrations and myopia.
Charman WN
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2005 Jul;25(4):285-301. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00297.x. PMID: 15953113

Diagnosis

Myopia and Other Refractive Error and Their Relationships to Glaucoma Screening.
Jonas JB, Jonas RA, Jonas SB, Panda-Jonas S
J Glaucoma 2024 Aug 1;33(Suppl 1):S45-S48. Epub 2024 Aug 19 doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002407. PMID: 39149950
IMI-Management and Investigation of High Myopia in Infants and Young Children.
Flitcroft I, Ainsworth J, Chia A, Cotter S, Harb E, Jin ZB, Klaver CCW, Moore AT, Nischal KK, Ohno-Matsui K, Paysse EA, Repka MX, Smirnova IY, Snead M, Verhoeven VJM, Verkicharla PK
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023 May 1;64(6):3. doi: 10.1167/iovs.64.6.3. PMID: 37126360Free PMC Article
Corneal Biometric Features and Their Association With Axial Length in High Myopia.
Jin G, Liu Z, Wang L, Zhu Y, Luo L, Liu Y
Am J Ophthalmol 2022 Jun;238:45-51. Epub 2021 Dec 8 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.11.031. PMID: 34896081
IMI - Defining and Classifying Myopia: A Proposed Set of Standards for Clinical and Epidemiologic Studies.
Flitcroft DI, He M, Jonas JB, Jong M, Naidoo K, Ohno-Matsui K, Rahi J, Resnikoff S, Vitale S, Yannuzzi L
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019 Feb 28;60(3):M20-M30. doi: 10.1167/iovs.18-25957. PMID: 30817826Free PMC Article
High myopia caused by a mutation in LEPREL1, encoding prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2.
Mordechai S, Gradstein L, Pasanen A, Ofir R, El Amour K, Levy J, Belfair N, Lifshitz T, Joshua S, Narkis G, Elbedour K, Myllyharju J, Birk OS
Am J Hum Genet 2011 Sep 9;89(3):438-45. Epub 2011 Sep 1 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.08.003. PMID: 21885030Free PMC Article

Therapy

Risk factors for early-onset exfoliation syndrome.
Park DY, Jeong S, Cha SC
Sci Rep 2022 Aug 30;12(1):14728. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-18738-z. PMID: 36042255Free PMC Article
Stopping the rise of myopia in Asia.
Spillmann L
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020 May;258(5):943-959. Epub 2019 Dec 23 doi: 10.1007/s00417-019-04555-0. PMID: 31873785
Axial myopia increases the risk of retinal complications after neodymium-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.
Koch DD, Liu JF, Gill EP, Parke DW 2nd
Arch Ophthalmol 1989 Jul;107(7):986-90. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1989.01070020048027. PMID: 2751470
Retinal detachment after neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.
Rickman-Barger L, Florine CW, Larson RS, Lindstrom RL
Am J Ophthalmol 1989 May 15;107(5):531-6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(89)90500-x. PMID: 2712134
Retinal detachment in axial myopia following extracapsular cataract surgery.
Lindstrom RL, Lindquist TD, Huldin J, Rubenstein JB
Trans New Orleans Acad Ophthalmol 1988;36:253-68. PMID: 3420652

Prognosis

Retinal Artery Angles in High Axial Myopia and Its Relationship With Visual Function.
Liang J, Xie T, Chen L, Huang C, Wei P, Li P, Liu K, Zou Z, Fang D, Zhang S
Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023 Aug 1;12(8):22. doi: 10.1167/tvst.12.8.22. PMID: 37642634Free PMC Article
Stopping the rise of myopia in Asia.
Spillmann L
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020 May;258(5):943-959. Epub 2019 Dec 23 doi: 10.1007/s00417-019-04555-0. PMID: 31873785
Advances of optical coherence tomography in myopia and pathologic myopia.
Ng DS, Cheung CY, Luk FO, Mohamed S, Brelen ME, Yam JC, Tsang CW, Lai TY
Eye (Lond) 2016 Jul;30(7):901-16. Epub 2016 Apr 8 doi: 10.1038/eye.2016.47. PMID: 27055674Free PMC Article
An examination of the baropathic nature of axial myopia.
McMonnies CW
Clin Exp Optom 2014 Mar;97(2):116-24. Epub 2013 Aug 13 doi: 10.1111/cxo.12101. PMID: 23937058
Clinical manifestations of ectopia lentis et pupillae in 16 patients.
Goldberg MF
Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1988;86:158-77. PMID: 2979048Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Retinal Artery Angles in High Axial Myopia and Its Relationship With Visual Function.
Liang J, Xie T, Chen L, Huang C, Wei P, Li P, Liu K, Zou Z, Fang D, Zhang S
Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023 Aug 1;12(8):22. doi: 10.1167/tvst.12.8.22. PMID: 37642634Free PMC Article
Temporal summation in myopia and its implications for the investigation of glaucoma.
Stapley V, Anderson RS, Redmond T, Saunders K, Mulholland PJ
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023 Jul;43(4):788-797. Epub 2023 Apr 3 doi: 10.1111/opo.13135. PMID: 37010917
Axial myopia, a protective factor for diabetic retinopathy-role of vascular endothelial growth factor.
Kulshrestha A, Singh N, Moharana B, Gupta PC, Ram J, Singh R
Sci Rep 2022 May 5;12(1):7325. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11220-w. PMID: 35513467Free PMC Article
Corrugated Bruch's membrane in high myopia.
Jonas JB, Jonas RA, Ohno-Matsui K, Holbach L, Panda-Jonas S
Acta Ophthalmol 2018 Mar;96(2):e147-e151. Epub 2017 Dec 13 doi: 10.1111/aos.13537. PMID: 29235262
High myopia caused by a mutation in LEPREL1, encoding prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2.
Mordechai S, Gradstein L, Pasanen A, Ofir R, El Amour K, Levy J, Belfair N, Lifshitz T, Joshua S, Narkis G, Elbedour K, Myllyharju J, Birk OS
Am J Hum Genet 2011 Sep 9;89(3):438-45. Epub 2011 Sep 1 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.08.003. PMID: 21885030Free PMC Article

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