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Axial myopia

MedGen UID:
730761
•Concept ID:
C1443296
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Myopia, axial
SNOMED CT: Axial myopia (408757002)
 
HPO: HP:0031730

Definition

A form of myopia related to an axial length above the norm and too long for the refractive power of the whole optical system of the eye. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAxial myopia

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Is Orthokeratology Treatment Zone Decentration Effective and Safe in Controlling Myopic Progression?
Chu M, Zhao Y, Hu P, Chen D, Yu Y, Ni H
Eye Contact Lens 2023 Apr 1;49(4):147-151. Epub 2023 Feb 17 doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000981. PMID: 36807268
Acquired restrictive strabismus and high axial myopia: diagnosis and management.
Louis M, Flanders M, Chankowsky J, Lindley S, Polomeno R
Can J Ophthalmol 2009 Aug;44(4):437-40. doi: 10.3129/i09-070. PMID: 19606166
Further observations on use of atropine in the treatment of myopia.
Brenner RL
Ann Ophthalmol 1985 Feb;17(2):137-40. PMID: 3994212

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

IMI-Management and Investigation of High Myopia in Infants and Young Children.
Flitcroft I, Ainsworth J, Chia A, Cotter S, Harb E, Jin ZB, Klaver CCW, Moore AT, Nischal KK, Ohno-Matsui K, Paysse EA, Repka MX, Smirnova IY, Snead M, Verhoeven VJM, Verkicharla PK
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023 May 1;64(6):3. doi: 10.1167/iovs.64.6.3. PMID: 37126360Free PMC Article
Congenital Microcoria: Clinical Features and Molecular Genetics.
Angée C, Nedelec B, Erjavec E, Rozet JM, Fares Taie L
Genes (Basel) 2021 Apr 22;12(5) doi: 10.3390/genes12050624. PMID: 33922078Free PMC Article
Stopping the rise of myopia in Asia.
Spillmann L
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020 May;258(5):943-959. Epub 2019 Dec 23 doi: 10.1007/s00417-019-04555-0. PMID: 31873785
IMI - Defining and Classifying Myopia: A Proposed Set of Standards for Clinical and Epidemiologic Studies.
Flitcroft DI, He M, Jonas JB, Jong M, Naidoo K, Ohno-Matsui K, Rahi J, Resnikoff S, Vitale S, Yannuzzi L
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019 Feb 28;60(3):M20-M30. doi: 10.1167/iovs.18-25957. PMID: 30817826Free PMC Article
Aberrations and myopia.
Charman WN
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2005 Jul;25(4):285-301. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00297.x. PMID: 15953113

Diagnosis

IMI-Management and Investigation of High Myopia in Infants and Young Children.
Flitcroft I, Ainsworth J, Chia A, Cotter S, Harb E, Jin ZB, Klaver CCW, Moore AT, Nischal KK, Ohno-Matsui K, Paysse EA, Repka MX, Smirnova IY, Snead M, Verhoeven VJM, Verkicharla PK
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023 May 1;64(6):3. doi: 10.1167/iovs.64.6.3. PMID: 37126360Free PMC Article
Temporal summation in myopia and its implications for the investigation of glaucoma.
Stapley V, Anderson RS, Redmond T, Saunders K, Mulholland PJ
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023 Jul;43(4):788-797. Epub 2023 Apr 3 doi: 10.1111/opo.13135. PMID: 37010917
Corneal Biometric Features and Their Association With Axial Length in High Myopia.
Jin G, Liu Z, Wang L, Zhu Y, Luo L, Liu Y
Am J Ophthalmol 2022 Jun;238:45-51. Epub 2021 Dec 8 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.11.031. PMID: 34896081
IMI - Defining and Classifying Myopia: A Proposed Set of Standards for Clinical and Epidemiologic Studies.
Flitcroft DI, He M, Jonas JB, Jong M, Naidoo K, Ohno-Matsui K, Rahi J, Resnikoff S, Vitale S, Yannuzzi L
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019 Feb 28;60(3):M20-M30. doi: 10.1167/iovs.18-25957. PMID: 30817826Free PMC Article
Advances of optical coherence tomography in myopia and pathologic myopia.
Ng DS, Cheung CY, Luk FO, Mohamed S, Brelen ME, Yam JC, Tsang CW, Lai TY
Eye (Lond) 2016 Jul;30(7):901-16. Epub 2016 Apr 8 doi: 10.1038/eye.2016.47. PMID: 27055674Free PMC Article

Therapy

Correlation analysis of aqueous humor metabolomics with myopic axial length and choroidal parameters.
Shao J, Zhang Z, Cai X, Wu X, Huang B, Shen Y, Tong J
BMC Ophthalmol 2023 Aug 15;23(1):356. doi: 10.1186/s12886-023-03101-1. PMID: 37582698Free PMC Article
Risk factors for early-onset exfoliation syndrome.
Park DY, Jeong S, Cha SC
Sci Rep 2022 Aug 30;12(1):14728. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-18738-z. PMID: 36042255Free PMC Article
Stopping the rise of myopia in Asia.
Spillmann L
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020 May;258(5):943-959. Epub 2019 Dec 23 doi: 10.1007/s00417-019-04555-0. PMID: 31873785
Axial Myopia Is Associated with Visual Field Prognosis of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.
Qiu C, Qian S, Sun X, Zhou C, Meng F
PLoS One 2015;10(7):e0133189. Epub 2015 Jul 27 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133189. PMID: 26214313Free PMC Article
Case series of 12 children with progressive axial myopia following unilateral cataract extraction.
Vanathi M, Tandon R, Titiyal JS, Vajpayee RB
J AAPOS 2002 Aug;6(4):228-32. doi: 10.1067/mpa.2002.123658. PMID: 12185348

Prognosis

Retinal Artery Angles in High Axial Myopia and Its Relationship With Visual Function.
Liang J, Xie T, Chen L, Huang C, Wei P, Li P, Liu K, Zou Z, Fang D, Zhang S
Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023 Aug 1;12(8):22. doi: 10.1167/tvst.12.8.22. PMID: 37642634Free PMC Article
Ocular axial length and straylight.
Christaras D, Rozema JJ, Ginis H
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2020 May;40(3):316-322. Epub 2020 Mar 20 doi: 10.1111/opo.12681. PMID: 32196730
Stopping the rise of myopia in Asia.
Spillmann L
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020 May;258(5):943-959. Epub 2019 Dec 23 doi: 10.1007/s00417-019-04555-0. PMID: 31873785
Advances of optical coherence tomography in myopia and pathologic myopia.
Ng DS, Cheung CY, Luk FO, Mohamed S, Brelen ME, Yam JC, Tsang CW, Lai TY
Eye (Lond) 2016 Jul;30(7):901-16. Epub 2016 Apr 8 doi: 10.1038/eye.2016.47. PMID: 27055674Free PMC Article
An examination of the baropathic nature of axial myopia.
McMonnies CW
Clin Exp Optom 2014 Mar;97(2):116-24. Epub 2013 Aug 13 doi: 10.1111/cxo.12101. PMID: 23937058

Clinical prediction guides

Retinal Artery Angles in High Axial Myopia and Its Relationship With Visual Function.
Liang J, Xie T, Chen L, Huang C, Wei P, Li P, Liu K, Zou Z, Fang D, Zhang S
Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023 Aug 1;12(8):22. doi: 10.1167/tvst.12.8.22. PMID: 37642634Free PMC Article
Temporal summation in myopia and its implications for the investigation of glaucoma.
Stapley V, Anderson RS, Redmond T, Saunders K, Mulholland PJ
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023 Jul;43(4):788-797. Epub 2023 Apr 3 doi: 10.1111/opo.13135. PMID: 37010917
Bruch Membrane Opening Detection Accuracy in Healthy Eyes and Eyes With Glaucoma With and Without Axial High Myopia in an American and Korean Cohort.
Rezapour J, Proudfoot JA, Bowd C, Dohleman J, Christopher M, Belghith A, Vega SM, Dirkes K, Suh MH, Jonas JB, Hyman L, Fazio MA, Sella R, Afshari NA, Weinreb RN, Zangwill LM
Am J Ophthalmol 2022 May;237:221-234. Epub 2021 Dec 10 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.11.030. PMID: 34902327Free PMC Article
Exotropic heavy eye syndrome in unilateral high axial myopia.
Awadein A, Hassanein DH
J AAPOS 2020 Jun;24(3):131.e1-131.e6. Epub 2020 May 30 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2020.02.005. PMID: 32479997
Ocular axial length and straylight.
Christaras D, Rozema JJ, Ginis H
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2020 May;40(3):316-322. Epub 2020 Mar 20 doi: 10.1111/opo.12681. PMID: 32196730

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