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Fetal anemia

MedGen UID:
748513
•Concept ID:
C2349595
•
Disease or Syndrome
SNOMED CT: Fetal anemia (462166006)
 
HPO: HP:0025716

Definition

Low hemoglobin/hematocrit in a fetus as evidenced by percutaneous umbilical cord sampling and Doppler ultrasonographic assessment of the peak velocity of systolic blood flow in the middle cerebral artery. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVFetal anemia

Professional guidelines

PubMed

History and current standard of postnatal management in hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.
De Winter DP, Hulzebos C, Van 't Oever RM, De Haas M, Verweij EJ, Lopriore E
Eur J Pediatr 2023 Feb;182(2):489-500. Epub 2022 Dec 5 doi: 10.1007/s00431-022-04724-0. PMID: 36469119
Fetal primary pleural effusions: Prenatal diagnosis and management.
Abbasi N, Ryan G
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2019 Jul;58:66-77. Epub 2019 Jan 12 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.01.005. PMID: 30737016
Fetal anemia: Diagnosis and management.
Prefumo F, Fichera A, Fratelli N, Sartori E
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2019 Jul;58:2-14. Epub 2019 Jan 9 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.01.001. PMID: 30718211

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: systematic literature review of the antenatal landscape.
de Winter DP, Kaminski A, Tjoa ML, Oepkes D
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023 Jan 7;23(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-05329-z. PMID: 36611144Free PMC Article
History and current standard of postnatal management in hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.
De Winter DP, Hulzebos C, Van 't Oever RM, De Haas M, Verweij EJ, Lopriore E
Eur J Pediatr 2023 Feb;182(2):489-500. Epub 2022 Dec 5 doi: 10.1007/s00431-022-04724-0. PMID: 36469119
Syphilis during pregnancy: a preventable threat to maternal-fetal health.
Rac MW, Revell PA, Eppes CS
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017 Apr;216(4):352-363. Epub 2016 Dec 9 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.11.1052. PMID: 27956203
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: managing the mother, fetus, and newborn.
Delaney M, Matthews DC
Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2015;2015:146-51. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.146. PMID: 26637714
Noninvasive diagnosis by Doppler ultrasonography of fetal anemia due to maternal red-cell alloimmunization. Collaborative Group for Doppler Assessment of the Blood Velocity in Anemic Fetuses.
Mari G, Deter RL, Carpenter RL, Rahman F, Zimmerman R, Moise KJ Jr, Dorman KF, Ludomirsky A, Gonzalez R, Gomez R, Oz U, Detti L, Copel JA, Bahado-Singh R, Berry S, Martinez-Poyer J, Blackwell SC
N Engl J Med 2000 Jan 6;342(1):9-14. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200001063420102. PMID: 10620643

Diagnosis

Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis.
Swearingen C, Colvin ZA, Leuthner SR
Clin Perinatol 2020 Mar;47(1):105-121. Epub 2019 Oct 7 doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2019.10.001. PMID: 32000919
Fetal anemia: Diagnosis and management.
Prefumo F, Fichera A, Fratelli N, Sartori E
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2019 Jul;58:2-14. Epub 2019 Jan 9 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.01.001. PMID: 30718211
Fetal anemia.
Argoti PS, Mari G
Minerva Ginecol 2019 Apr;71(2):97-112. Epub 2018 Oct 11 doi: 10.23736/S0026-4784.18.04334-4. PMID: 30318879
Fetal anemia.
Abbasi N, Johnson JA, Ryan G
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017 Aug;50(2):145-153. doi: 10.1002/uog.17555. PMID: 28782230
Syphilis during pregnancy: a preventable threat to maternal-fetal health.
Rac MW, Revell PA, Eppes CS
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017 Apr;216(4):352-363. Epub 2016 Dec 9 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.11.1052. PMID: 27956203

Therapy

Nipocalimab in Early-Onset Severe Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn.
Moise KJ Jr, Ling LE, Oepkes D, Tiblad E, Verweij EJTJ, Lopriore E, Smoleniec J, Sachs UJ, Bein G, Kilby MD, Miller RS, Devlieger R, Audibert F, Emery SP, Markham K, Norton ME, Ocón-Hernández O, Pandya P, Pereira L, Silver RM, Windrim R, Streisand JB, Leu JH, Mirza A, Smith V, Schwartz LB, Tjoa ML, Saeed-Khawaja S, Komatsu Y, Bussel JB; UNITY Study Group
N Engl J Med 2024 Aug 8;391(6):526-537. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2314466. PMID: 39115062
Fetal anemia: Diagnosis and management.
Prefumo F, Fichera A, Fratelli N, Sartori E
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2019 Jul;58:2-14. Epub 2019 Jan 9 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.01.001. PMID: 30718211
Fetal anemia.
Abbasi N, Johnson JA, Ryan G
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017 Aug;50(2):145-153. doi: 10.1002/uog.17555. PMID: 28782230
Syphilis during pregnancy: a preventable threat to maternal-fetal health.
Rac MW, Revell PA, Eppes CS
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017 Apr;216(4):352-363. Epub 2016 Dec 9 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.11.1052. PMID: 27956203
Noninvasive diagnosis by Doppler ultrasonography of fetal anemia due to maternal red-cell alloimmunization. Collaborative Group for Doppler Assessment of the Blood Velocity in Anemic Fetuses.
Mari G, Deter RL, Carpenter RL, Rahman F, Zimmerman R, Moise KJ Jr, Dorman KF, Ludomirsky A, Gonzalez R, Gomez R, Oz U, Detti L, Copel JA, Bahado-Singh R, Berry S, Martinez-Poyer J, Blackwell SC
N Engl J Med 2000 Jan 6;342(1):9-14. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200001063420102. PMID: 10620643

Prognosis

Pathophysiological interpretation of fetal heart rate tracings in clinical practice.
Jia YJ, Ghi T, Pereira S, Gracia Perez-Bonfils A, Chandraharan E
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023 Jun;228(6):622-644. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.05.023. PMID: 37270259
Abnormal fetal heart rate patterns caused by pathophysiologic processes other than fetal acidemia.
Vintzileos AM, Smulian JC
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023 May;228(5S):S1144-S1157. Epub 2023 Mar 17 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.05.002. PMID: 36964003
Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis.
Swearingen C, Colvin ZA, Leuthner SR
Clin Perinatol 2020 Mar;47(1):105-121. Epub 2019 Oct 7 doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2019.10.001. PMID: 32000919
Prenatal diagnosis and management of homozygous hemoglobin constant spring disease.
Sirilert S, Charoenkwan P, Sirichotiyakul S, Tongprasert F, Srisupundit K, Luewan S, Tongsong T
J Perinatol 2019 Jul;39(7):927-933. Epub 2019 May 16 doi: 10.1038/s41372-019-0397-7. PMID: 31097760
Noninvasive diagnosis by Doppler ultrasonography of fetal anemia due to maternal red-cell alloimmunization. Collaborative Group for Doppler Assessment of the Blood Velocity in Anemic Fetuses.
Mari G, Deter RL, Carpenter RL, Rahman F, Zimmerman R, Moise KJ Jr, Dorman KF, Ludomirsky A, Gonzalez R, Gomez R, Oz U, Detti L, Copel JA, Bahado-Singh R, Berry S, Martinez-Poyer J, Blackwell SC
N Engl J Med 2000 Jan 6;342(1):9-14. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200001063420102. PMID: 10620643

Clinical prediction guides

Nipocalimab in Early-Onset Severe Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn.
Moise KJ Jr, Ling LE, Oepkes D, Tiblad E, Verweij EJTJ, Lopriore E, Smoleniec J, Sachs UJ, Bein G, Kilby MD, Miller RS, Devlieger R, Audibert F, Emery SP, Markham K, Norton ME, Ocón-Hernández O, Pandya P, Pereira L, Silver RM, Windrim R, Streisand JB, Leu JH, Mirza A, Smith V, Schwartz LB, Tjoa ML, Saeed-Khawaja S, Komatsu Y, Bussel JB; UNITY Study Group
N Engl J Med 2024 Aug 8;391(6):526-537. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2314466. PMID: 39115062
Pathophysiological interpretation of fetal heart rate tracings in clinical practice.
Jia YJ, Ghi T, Pereira S, Gracia Perez-Bonfils A, Chandraharan E
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023 Jun;228(6):622-644. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.05.023. PMID: 37270259
Fetal anemia and elevated hepcidin in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
Helfrich KK, Saini N, Kwan STC, Rivera OC, Mooney SM, Smith SM
Pediatr Res 2023 Aug;94(2):503-511. Epub 2023 Jan 26 doi: 10.1038/s41390-023-02469-6. PMID: 36702950
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: systematic literature review of the antenatal landscape.
de Winter DP, Kaminski A, Tjoa ML, Oepkes D
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023 Jan 7;23(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-05329-z. PMID: 36611144Free PMC Article
Noninvasive diagnosis by Doppler ultrasonography of fetal anemia due to maternal red-cell alloimmunization. Collaborative Group for Doppler Assessment of the Blood Velocity in Anemic Fetuses.
Mari G, Deter RL, Carpenter RL, Rahman F, Zimmerman R, Moise KJ Jr, Dorman KF, Ludomirsky A, Gonzalez R, Gomez R, Oz U, Detti L, Copel JA, Bahado-Singh R, Berry S, Martinez-Poyer J, Blackwell SC
N Engl J Med 2000 Jan 6;342(1):9-14. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200001063420102. PMID: 10620643

Recent systematic reviews

Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: systematic literature review of the antenatal landscape.
de Winter DP, Kaminski A, Tjoa ML, Oepkes D
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023 Jan 7;23(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-05329-z. PMID: 36611144Free PMC Article
Non-Invasive Prenatal Fetal Blood Group Genotype and Its Application in the Management of Hemolytic Disease of Fetus and Newborn: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Alshehri AA, Jackson DE
Transfus Med Rev 2021 Apr;35(2):85-94. Epub 2021 Mar 1 doi: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2021.02.001. PMID: 33781630
Performance of fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity for prediction of anemia in untransfused and transfused fetuses: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Martinez-Portilla RJ, Lopez-Felix J, Hawkins-Villareal A, Villafan-Bernal JR, Paz Y Miño F, Figueras F, Borrell A
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019 Dec;54(6):722-731. doi: 10.1002/uog.20273. PMID: 30932276
The Recurrence Risk of Fetomaternal Hemorrhage.
Troìa L, Al-Kouatly HB, McCurdy R, Konchak PS, Weiner S, Berghella V
Fetal Diagn Ther 2019;45(1):1-12. Epub 2018 Sep 17 doi: 10.1159/000491788. PMID: 30223274
Fetal blood sampling.
Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM), Berry SM, Stone J, Norton ME, Johnson D, Berghella V
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013 Sep;209(3):170-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.07.014. PMID: 23978246

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