U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Coffin-Siris syndrome(CSS; HHID)

MedGen UID:
75565
Concept ID:
C0265338
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Fifth digit syndrome; Hypertrichosis, hyperkeratosis, mental retardation, and distinctive facial features
SNOMED CT: Coffin-Siris syndrome (10007009)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
141047
Concept ID:
C0443147
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0015452
OMIM®: 135900
OMIM® Phenotypic series: PS135900
Orphanet: ORPHA1465

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Coffin-Siris Syndrome
Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS) is classically characterized by aplasia or hypoplasia of the distal phalanx or nail of the fifth and additional digits, developmental or cognitive delay of varying degree, distinctive facial features, hypotonia, hirsutism/hypertrichosis, and sparse scalp hair. Congenital anomalies can include malformations of the cardiac, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and/or central nervous systems. Other findings commonly include feeding difficulties, slow growth, ophthalmologic abnormalities, and hearing impairment. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Samantha Schrier Vergano  |  Gijs Santen  |  Dagmar Wieczorek, et. al.   view full author information

Additional descriptions

From OMIM
Coffin-Siris syndrome is a multiple malformation syndrome characterized by mental retardation associated with coarse facial features, hypertrichosis, sparse scalp hair, and hypoplastic or absent fifth fingernails or toenails. Other more variable features may include poor overall growth, craniofacial abnormalities, spinal anomalies, and congenital heart defects (review by Vergano and Deardorff, 2014). Mutations in the ARID1B gene are the most common cause of Coffin-Siris syndrome (Wieczorek et al., 2013). Genetic Heterogeneity of Coffin-Siris Syndrome Forms of Coffin-Siris syndrome have been shown to be caused by mutations in genes encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF complex, also known as the BAF complex, which functions as a chromatin remodeling factor. These include CSS2 (614607), caused by mutation in the ARID1A gene (603024); CSS3 (614608), caused by mutation in the SMARCB1 gene (601607); CSS4 (614609), caused by mutation in the SMARCA4 gene (603254); CSS5 (616938), caused by mutation in the SMARCE1 gene (603111); CSS6 (617808), caused by mutation in the ARID2 gene (609539); CSS7 (618027), caused by mutation in the DPF2 gene (601671); CSS8 (618362), caused by mutation in the SMARCC2 gene (601734); CSS9 (615866), caused by mutation in the SOX11 gene (600898); CSS10 (618506), caused by mutation in the SOX4 gene (184430); CSS11 (618779), caused by mutation in the SMARCD1 gene (601735); and CSS12 (619325), caused by mutation in the BICRA gene (605690). A similar phenotype, Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome (NCBRS; 601358), is also caused by mutation in a subunit of this complex, i.e., SMARCA2 (600014).  http://www.omim.org/entry/135900
From MedlinePlus Genetics
Coffin-Siris syndrome is a condition that affects several body systems. Although there are many variable signs and symptoms, hallmarks of this condition include developmental disability, abnormalities of the fifth (pinky) fingers or toes, and characteristic facial features.

Most affected individuals have mild to severe intellectual disability or delayed development of speech and motor skills such as sitting and walking. Another feature of Coffin-Siris syndrome is underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the tips of the fingers or toes, or hypoplasia or absence of the nails. These abnormalities are most common on the fifth fingers or toes. 

In addition, most people with Coffin-Siris syndrome have facial features described as coarse. These features typically include a wide nose with a flat nasal bridge, a wide mouth with thick lips, and thick eyebrows and eyelashes. Affected individuals can have excess hair on other parts of the face and body (hirsutism), but scalp hair is often sparse. People with Coffin-Siris syndrome can have a range of facial features, and not all affected individuals have the typical features. In addition, people with this condition may have an abnormally small head (microcephaly).

Additionally, some infants and children with Coffin-Siris syndrome have frequent respiratory infections, difficulty feeding, and an inability to gain weight at the expected rate (failure to thrive). Other signs and symptoms that may occur in people with this condition include short stature, low muscle tone (hypotonia), and abnormally loose (lax) joints. Abnormalities of the eyes, brain, heart, and kidneys may also be present.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/coffin-siris-syndrome

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVCoffin-Siris syndrome
Follow this link to review classifications for Coffin-Siris syndrome in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Yu QX, Jing XY, Lin XM, Zhen L, Li DZ
Prenat Diagn 2022 Nov;42(12):1488-1492. Epub 2022 Jul 18 doi: 10.1002/pd.6213. PMID: 35801292
Vasko A, Drivas TG, Schrier Vergano SA
Genes (Basel) 2021 Jun 19;12(6) doi: 10.3390/genes12060937. PMID: 34205270Free PMC Article
Campeau PM, Hennekam RC; DOORS syndrome collaborative group
Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2014 Sep;166C(3):327-32. Epub 2014 Aug 28 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31412. PMID: 25169651

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Schmetz A, Lüdecke HJ, Surowy H, Sivalingam S, Bruel AL, Caumes R, Charles P, Chatron N, Chrzanowska K, Codina-Solà M, Colson C, Cuscó I, Denommé-Pichon AS, Edery P, Faivre L, Green A, Heide S, Hsieh TC, Hustinx A, Kleinendorst L, Knopp C, Kraft F, Krawitz PM, Lasa-Aranzasti A, Lesca G, López-González V, Maraval J, Mignot C, Neuhann T, Netzer C, Oehl-Jaschkowitz B, Petit F, Philippe C, Posmyk R, Putoux A, Reis A, Sánchez-Soler MJ, Suh J, Tkemaladze T, Tran Mau Them F, Travessa A, Trujillano L, Valenzuela I, van Haelst MM, Vasileiou G, Vincent-Delorme C, Walther M, Verde P, Bramswig NC, Wieczorek D
Hum Genet 2024 Jan;143(1):71-84. Epub 2023 Dec 20 doi: 10.1007/s00439-023-02622-5. PMID: 38117302
Bosch E, Popp B, Güse E, Skinner C, van der Sluijs PJ, Maystadt I, Pinto AM, Renieri A, Bruno LP, Granata S, Marcelis C, Baysal Ö, Hartwich D, Holthöfer L, Isidor B, Cogne B, Wieczorek D, Capra V, Scala M, De Marco P, Ognibene M, Jamra RA, Platzer K, Carter LB, Kuismin O, van Haeringen A, Maroofian R, Valenzuela I, Cuscó I, Martinez-Agosto JA, Rabani AM, Mefford HC, Pereira EM, Close C, Anyane-Yeboa K, Wagner M, Hannibal MC, Zacher P, Thiffault I, Beunders G, Umair M, Bhola PT, McGinnis E, Millichap J, van de Kamp JM, Prijoles EJ, Dobson A, Shillington A, Graham BH, Garcia EJ, Galindo MK, Ropers FG, Nibbeling EAR, Hubbard G, Karimov C, Goj G, Bend R, Rath J, Morrow MM, Millan F, Salpietro V, Torella A, Nigro V, Kurki M, Stevenson RE, Santen GWE, Zweier M, Campeau PM, Severino M, Reis A, Accogli A, Vasileiou G
Genet Med 2023 Nov;25(11):100950. Epub 2023 Aug 5 doi: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100950. PMID: 37551667
Cárcamo B, Masotto B, Baquero-Vaquer A, Ceballos-Saenz D, Zapata-Aldana E
Eur J Med Genet 2022 Nov;65(11):104600. Epub 2022 Aug 29 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104600. PMID: 36049608
Yu QX, Jing XY, Lin XM, Zhen L, Li DZ
Prenat Diagn 2022 Nov;42(12):1488-1492. Epub 2022 Jul 18 doi: 10.1002/pd.6213. PMID: 35801292
Vasko A, Drivas TG, Schrier Vergano SA
Genes (Basel) 2021 Jun 19;12(6) doi: 10.3390/genes12060937. PMID: 34205270Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Schmetz A, Lüdecke HJ, Surowy H, Sivalingam S, Bruel AL, Caumes R, Charles P, Chatron N, Chrzanowska K, Codina-Solà M, Colson C, Cuscó I, Denommé-Pichon AS, Edery P, Faivre L, Green A, Heide S, Hsieh TC, Hustinx A, Kleinendorst L, Knopp C, Kraft F, Krawitz PM, Lasa-Aranzasti A, Lesca G, López-González V, Maraval J, Mignot C, Neuhann T, Netzer C, Oehl-Jaschkowitz B, Petit F, Philippe C, Posmyk R, Putoux A, Reis A, Sánchez-Soler MJ, Suh J, Tkemaladze T, Tran Mau Them F, Travessa A, Trujillano L, Valenzuela I, van Haelst MM, Vasileiou G, Vincent-Delorme C, Walther M, Verde P, Bramswig NC, Wieczorek D
Hum Genet 2024 Jan;143(1):71-84. Epub 2023 Dec 20 doi: 10.1007/s00439-023-02622-5. PMID: 38117302
Ciliberto M, Skjei K, Vasko A, Schrier Vergano S
Am J Med Genet A 2023 Jan;191(1):22-28. Epub 2022 Sep 30 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62979. PMID: 36177969
Gofin Y, Zhao X, Gerard A, Scaglia F, Wangler MF, Schrier Vergano SA, Scott DA
Am J Med Genet A 2022 Sep;188(9):2718-2723. Epub 2022 Jul 7 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62889. PMID: 35796094Free PMC Article
Curcio MR, Ferranti S, Lotti F, Grosso S
Neurol Sci 2021 Feb;42(2):727-729. Epub 2020 Oct 2 doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04782-y. PMID: 33006724
van der Sluijs PJ, Jansen S, Vergano SA, Adachi-Fukuda M, Alanay Y, AlKindy A, Baban A, Bayat A, Beck-Wödl S, Berry K, Bijlsma EK, Bok LA, Brouwer AFJ, van der Burgt I, Campeau PM, Canham N, Chrzanowska K, Chu YWY, Chung BHY, Dahan K, De Rademaeker M, Destree A, Dudding-Byth T, Earl R, Elcioglu N, Elias ER, Fagerberg C, Gardham A, Gener B, Gerkes EH, Grasshoff U, van Haeringen A, Heitink KR, Herkert JC, den Hollander NS, Horn D, Hunt D, Kant SG, Kato M, Kayserili H, Kersseboom R, Kilic E, Krajewska-Walasek M, Lammers K, Laulund LW, Lederer D, Lees M, López-González V, Maas S, Mancini GMS, Marcelis C, Martinez F, Maystadt I, McGuire M, McKee S, Mehta S, Metcalfe K, Milunsky J, Mizuno S, Moeschler JB, Netzer C, Ockeloen CW, Oehl-Jaschkowitz B, Okamoto N, Olminkhof SNM, Orellana C, Pasquier L, Pottinger C, Riehmer V, Robertson SP, Roifman M, Rooryck C, Ropers FG, Rosello M, Ruivenkamp CAL, Sagiroglu MS, Sallevelt SCEH, Sanchis Calvo A, Simsek-Kiper PO, Soares G, Solaeche L, Sonmez FM, Splitt M, Steenbeek D, Stegmann APA, Stumpel CTRM, Tanabe S, Uctepe E, Utine GE, Veenstra-Knol HE, Venkateswaran S, Vilain C, Vincent-Delorme C, Vulto-van Silfhout AT, Wheeler P, Wilson GN, Wilson LC, Wollnik B, Kosho T, Wieczorek D, Eichler E, Pfundt R, de Vries BBA, Clayton-Smith J, Santen GWE
Genet Med 2019 Jun;21(6):1295-1307. Epub 2018 Nov 8 doi: 10.1038/s41436-018-0330-z. PMID: 30349098Free PMC Article

Therapy

Li Y, Wang Q, Gong C
Endokrynol Pol 2024;75(4):450-451. doi: 10.5603/ep.100454. PMID: 39279315
Liu PP, Dai SK, Mi TW, Tang GB, Wang Z, Wang H, Du HZ, Tang Y, Teng ZQ, Liu CM
EMBO Mol Med 2022 Dec 7;14(12):e15795. Epub 2022 Nov 17 doi: 10.15252/emmm.202215795. PMID: 36385502Free PMC Article
Jancewicz I, Siedlecki JA, Sarnowski TJ, Sarnowska E
Epigenetics Chromatin 2019 Nov 13;12(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13072-019-0315-4. PMID: 31722744Free PMC Article
Melo Gomes S, Dias C, Omoyinmi E, Compeyrot-Lacassagne S, Klein N, Sebire NJ, Brogan P
Pediatrics 2019 Jul;144(1) doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-1741. PMID: 31243159
Bramswig NC, Lüdecke HJ, Alanay Y, Albrecht B, Barthelmie A, Boduroglu K, Braunholz D, Caliebe A, Chrzanowska KH, Czeschik JC, Endele S, Graf E, Guillén-Navarro E, Kiper PÖ, López-González V, Parenti I, Pozojevic J, Utine GE, Wieland T, Kaiser FJ, Wollnik B, Strom TM, Wieczorek D
Hum Genet 2015 Jun;134(6):553-68. Epub 2015 Feb 28 doi: 10.1007/s00439-015-1535-8. PMID: 25724810

Prognosis

Rimoldi M, Rinaldi B, Villa R, Cerasani J, Beltrami B, Iascone M, Silipigni R, Boito S, Gangi S, Colombo L, Porro M, Cesaretti C, Bedeschi MF
Am J Med Genet A 2023 Feb;191(2):605-611. Epub 2022 Nov 23 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63054. PMID: 36416235
Angelozzi M, Karvande A, Molin AN, Ritter AL, Leonard JMM, Savatt JM, Douglass K, Myers SM, Grippa M, Tolchin D, Zackai E, Donoghue S, Hurst ACE, Descartes M, Smith K, Velasco D, Schmanski A, Crunk A, Tokita MJ, de Lange IM, van Gassen K, Robinson H, Guegan K, Suri M, Patel C, Bournez M, Faivre L, Tran-Mau-Them F, Baker J, Fabie N, Weaver K, Shillington A, Hopkin RJ, Barge-Schaapveld DQCM, Ruivenkamp CA, Bökenkamp R, Vergano S, Seco Moro MN, Díaz de Bustamante A, Misra VK, Kennelly K, Rogers C, Friedman J, Wigby KM, Lenberg J, Graziano C, Ahrens-Nicklas RC, Lefebvre V
J Med Genet 2022 Nov;59(11):1058-1068. Epub 2022 Mar 1 doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108375. PMID: 35232796Free PMC Article
Park H, Kim MS, Kim J, Jang JH, Choi JM, Lee SM, Cho SY, Jin DK
Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2021 Jan;41(6):285-289. PMID: 33714239
Agaimy A, Foulkes WD
Semin Diagn Pathol 2018 May;35(3):193-198. Epub 2018 Feb 1 doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2018.01.002. PMID: 29397238
Suzumura H, Sakurai K, Kano K, Ichimura T
Acta Paediatr Jpn 1996 Oct;38(5):537-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1996.tb03541.x. PMID: 8942018

Clinical prediction guides

Schrier Vergano SA
Am J Med Genet A 2024 Jun;194(6):e63540. Epub 2024 Jan 19 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63540. PMID: 38243407
Park H, Kim MS, Kim J, Jang JH, Choi JM, Lee SM, Cho SY, Jin DK
Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2021 Jan;41(6):285-289. PMID: 33714239
Diel H, Ding C, Grehn F, Chronopoulos P, Bartsch O, Hoffmann EM
BMC Ophthalmol 2021 Jan 11;21(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s12886-020-01788-0. PMID: 33430815Free PMC Article
van der Sluijs PJ, Jansen S, Vergano SA, Adachi-Fukuda M, Alanay Y, AlKindy A, Baban A, Bayat A, Beck-Wödl S, Berry K, Bijlsma EK, Bok LA, Brouwer AFJ, van der Burgt I, Campeau PM, Canham N, Chrzanowska K, Chu YWY, Chung BHY, Dahan K, De Rademaeker M, Destree A, Dudding-Byth T, Earl R, Elcioglu N, Elias ER, Fagerberg C, Gardham A, Gener B, Gerkes EH, Grasshoff U, van Haeringen A, Heitink KR, Herkert JC, den Hollander NS, Horn D, Hunt D, Kant SG, Kato M, Kayserili H, Kersseboom R, Kilic E, Krajewska-Walasek M, Lammers K, Laulund LW, Lederer D, Lees M, López-González V, Maas S, Mancini GMS, Marcelis C, Martinez F, Maystadt I, McGuire M, McKee S, Mehta S, Metcalfe K, Milunsky J, Mizuno S, Moeschler JB, Netzer C, Ockeloen CW, Oehl-Jaschkowitz B, Okamoto N, Olminkhof SNM, Orellana C, Pasquier L, Pottinger C, Riehmer V, Robertson SP, Roifman M, Rooryck C, Ropers FG, Rosello M, Ruivenkamp CAL, Sagiroglu MS, Sallevelt SCEH, Sanchis Calvo A, Simsek-Kiper PO, Soares G, Solaeche L, Sonmez FM, Splitt M, Steenbeek D, Stegmann APA, Stumpel CTRM, Tanabe S, Uctepe E, Utine GE, Veenstra-Knol HE, Venkateswaran S, Vilain C, Vincent-Delorme C, Vulto-van Silfhout AT, Wheeler P, Wilson GN, Wilson LC, Wollnik B, Kosho T, Wieczorek D, Eichler E, Pfundt R, de Vries BBA, Clayton-Smith J, Santen GWE
Genet Med 2019 Jun;21(6):1295-1307. Epub 2018 Nov 8 doi: 10.1038/s41436-018-0330-z. PMID: 30349098Free PMC Article
Agaimy A, Foulkes WD
Semin Diagn Pathol 2018 May;35(3):193-198. Epub 2018 Feb 1 doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2018.01.002. PMID: 29397238

Recent systematic reviews

Hutchison DM, Duffens A, Yale K, Park A, Cardenas K, Mesinkovska NA
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022 Apr;36(4):536-546. Epub 2021 Dec 31 doi: 10.1111/jdv.17877. PMID: 34919300

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...