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Metrorrhagia

MedGen UID:
7614
Concept ID:
C0025874
Pathologic Function
Synonyms: Bleeding Between Periods; Bleeding, Breakthrough; Breakthrough Bleeding; Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding; Dysfunctional Uterine Bleedings; Intermenstrual Bleeding; Spotting; Uterine Bleeding, Dysfunctional
SNOMED CT: Metrorrhagia (64996003); Bleeding unrelated to menstrual cycle (64996003); Irregular intermenstrual bleeding (64996003); Intermenstrual bleeding (237130006); IMB - Intermenstrual bleeding (237130006); Spotting between periods (237130006); Bleeding between periods (237130006); Mid-cycle bleeding (237130006)
 
HPO: HP:0100608

Definition

Bleeding at irregular intervals. [from HPO]

Conditions with this feature

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 5
MedGen UID:
854711
Concept ID:
C3888004
Disease or Syndrome
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, a bleeding diathesis, and, in some individuals, pulmonary fibrosis, granulomatous colitis, or immunodeficiency. Ocular findings include reduced iris pigment with iris transillumination, reduced retinal pigment, foveal hypoplasia with significant reduction in visual acuity (usually in the range of 20/50 to 20/400), nystagmus, and increased crossing of the optic nerve fibers. Hair color ranges from white to brown; skin color ranges from white to olive and is usually a shade lighter than that of other family members. The bleeding diathesis can result in variable bruising, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage, colonic bleeding, and prolonged bleeding with menses or after tooth extraction, circumcision, and other surgeries. Pulmonary fibrosis, a restrictive lung disease, typically causes symptoms in the early thirties and can progress to death within a decade. Granulomatous colitis is severe in about 15% of affected individuals. Neutropenia and/or immune defects occur primarily in individuals with pathogenic variants in AP3B1 and AP3D1.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Bougie O, Randle E, Thurston J, Magee B, Warshafsky C, Rittenberg D
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2024 Mar;46(3):102402. Epub 2024 Feb 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2024.102402. PMID: 38325734
Triana P, López-Gutierrez JC
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021 Mar;68(3):e28867. Epub 2020 Dec 27 doi: 10.1002/pbc.28867. PMID: 33369022
Mullins TL, Miller RJ, Mullins ES
Pediatr Ann 2015 Sep;44(9):e218-22. doi: 10.3928/00904481-20150910-09. PMID: 26431240

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Lee A, Syed YY
Drugs 2022 Jul;82(10):1117-1125. Epub 2022 Jul 4 doi: 10.1007/s40265-022-01738-8. PMID: 35781795Free PMC Article
Jewson M, Purohit P, Lumsden MA
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2020 Nov;69:62-73. Epub 2020 Jun 5 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.05.004. PMID: 32698992
Kremer TG, Ghiorzi IB, Dibi RP
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2019 Jun 3;65(5):714-721. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.5.714. PMID: 31166450
Bradley LD, Gueye NA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016 Jan;214(1):31-44. Epub 2015 Aug 5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.044. PMID: 26254516
Fraser IS, Critchley HO, Broder M, Munro MG
Semin Reprod Med 2011 Sep;29(5):383-90. Epub 2011 Nov 7 doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1287662. PMID: 22065325

Diagnosis

Kabra R, Fisher M
Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2022 May;52(5):101185. Epub 2022 May 4 doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2022.101185. PMID: 35525787
Ramalho I, Leite H, Águas F
Acta Med Port 2021 Mar 31;34(4):291-297. Epub 2021 Apr 1 doi: 10.20344/amp.12829. PMID: 34214420
Kremer TG, Ghiorzi IB, Dibi RP
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2019 Jun 3;65(5):714-721. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.5.714. PMID: 31166450
Munro MG, Critchley HOD, Fraser IS; FIGO Menstrual Disorders Committee
Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2018 Dec;143(3):393-408. Epub 2018 Oct 10 doi: 10.1002/ijgo.12666. PMID: 30198563
Whitaker L, Critchley HO
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2016 Jul;34:54-65. Epub 2015 Nov 25 doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.11.012. PMID: 26803558Free PMC Article

Therapy

Lee A, Syed YY
Drugs 2022 Jul;82(10):1117-1125. Epub 2022 Jul 4 doi: 10.1007/s40265-022-01738-8. PMID: 35781795Free PMC Article
Harada T, Osuga Y, Suzuki Y, Fujisawa M, Fukui M, Kitawaki J
Fertil Steril 2022 Mar;117(3):583-592. Epub 2021 Dec 8 doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.11.013. PMID: 34895700
Creinin MD, Westhoff CL, Bouchard C, Chen MJ, Jensen JT, Kaunitz AM, Achilles SL, Foidart JM, Archer DF
Contraception 2021 Sep;104(3):222-228. Epub 2021 May 15 doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.05.002. PMID: 34000251
Kremer TG, Ghiorzi IB, Dibi RP
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2019 Jun 3;65(5):714-721. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.5.714. PMID: 31166450
Bradley LD, Gueye NA
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016 Jan;214(1):31-44. Epub 2015 Aug 5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.044. PMID: 26254516

Prognosis

Lee A, Syed YY
Drugs 2022 Jul;82(10):1117-1125. Epub 2022 Jul 4 doi: 10.1007/s40265-022-01738-8. PMID: 35781795Free PMC Article
Harada T, Osuga Y, Suzuki Y, Fujisawa M, Fukui M, Kitawaki J
Fertil Steril 2022 Mar;117(3):583-592. Epub 2021 Dec 8 doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.11.013. PMID: 34895700
Gemzell-Danielsson K, Apter D, Zatik J, Weyers S, Piltonen T, Suturina L, Apolikhina I, Jost M, Creinin MD, Foidart JM
BJOG 2022 Jan;129(1):63-71. Epub 2021 Aug 9 doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16840. PMID: 34245666Free PMC Article
Creinin MD, Westhoff CL, Bouchard C, Chen MJ, Jensen JT, Kaunitz AM, Achilles SL, Foidart JM, Archer DF
Contraception 2021 Sep;104(3):222-228. Epub 2021 May 15 doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.05.002. PMID: 34000251
Clarke MA, Long BJ, Sherman ME, Lemens MA, Podratz KC, Hopkins MR, Ahlberg LJ, Mc Guire LJ, Laughlin-Tommaso SK, Bakkum-Gamez JN, Wentzensen N
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020 Oct;223(4):549.e1-549.e13. Epub 2020 Apr 5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.032. PMID: 32268124Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Lee A, Syed YY
Drugs 2022 Jul;82(10):1117-1125. Epub 2022 Jul 4 doi: 10.1007/s40265-022-01738-8. PMID: 35781795Free PMC Article
Harada T, Osuga Y, Suzuki Y, Fujisawa M, Fukui M, Kitawaki J
Fertil Steril 2022 Mar;117(3):583-592. Epub 2021 Dec 8 doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.11.013. PMID: 34895700
Gemzell-Danielsson K, Apter D, Zatik J, Weyers S, Piltonen T, Suturina L, Apolikhina I, Jost M, Creinin MD, Foidart JM
BJOG 2022 Jan;129(1):63-71. Epub 2021 Aug 9 doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16840. PMID: 34245666Free PMC Article
Creinin MD, Westhoff CL, Bouchard C, Chen MJ, Jensen JT, Kaunitz AM, Achilles SL, Foidart JM, Archer DF
Contraception 2021 Sep;104(3):222-228. Epub 2021 May 15 doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.05.002. PMID: 34000251
Clarke MA, Long BJ, Sherman ME, Lemens MA, Podratz KC, Hopkins MR, Ahlberg LJ, Mc Guire LJ, Laughlin-Tommaso SK, Bakkum-Gamez JN, Wentzensen N
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020 Oct;223(4):549.e1-549.e13. Epub 2020 Apr 5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.032. PMID: 32268124Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Murji A, Sanders AP, Monteiro I, Haiderbhai S, Matelski J, Walsh C, Abbott JA, Munro MG, Maheux-Lacroix S; International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Committee on Menstrual Disorders and Related Health Impacts
Fertil Steril 2022 Oct;118(4):758-766. Epub 2022 Aug 17 doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.06.031. PMID: 35985862
Maldonado LY, Sergison JE, Gao X, Hubacher D
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020 May;222(5):451-468.e9. Epub 2019 Oct 4 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.09.044. PMID: 31589865
Berry-Bibee EN, Kim MJ, Tepper NK, Riley HE, Curtis KM
Contraception 2016 Dec;94(6):668-677. Epub 2016 Jul 18 doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.010. PMID: 27444983
Tulandi T, Cohen A
J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2016 Sep-Oct;23(6):893-902. Epub 2016 Jul 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2016.06.020. PMID: 27393285
Mansour D, Bahamondes L, Critchley H, Darney P, Fraser IS
Contraception 2011 Mar;83(3):202-10. Epub 2010 Sep 17 doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.08.001. PMID: 21310280

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