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Adams-Oliver syndrome

MedGen UID:
78544
Concept ID:
C0265268
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Adams Oliver syndrome; AOS; Congenital absence of skin on scalp with limb-reduction anomaly; Congenital scalp defects with distal limb anomalies; congenital scalp defects with distal limb anomalies; congenital scalp defects with distal limb reduction anomalies; Congenital scalp defects with distal limb reduction anomalies; limb scalp and skull defects; Limb, scalp and skull defects; limb, scalp and skull defects; Type 2 aplasia cutis
SNOMED CT: Type 2 aplasia cutis (34748004); Congenital absence of skin on scalp with limb-reduction anomaly (34748004); Adams-Oliver syndrome (34748004)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
Autosomal dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
141047
Concept ID:
C0443147
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.
 
Related genes: EOGT, DOCK6, ARHGAP31, RBPJ
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0007034
OMIM® Phenotypic series: PS100300
Orphanet: ORPHA974

Definition

Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is characterized by aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) of the scalp and terminal transverse limb defects (TTLD). ACC lesions usually occur in the midline of the parietal or occipital regions, but can also occur on the abdomen or limbs. At birth, an ACC lesion may already have the appearance of a healed scar. ACC lesions less than 5 cm often involve only the skin and almost always heal over a period of months; larger lesions are more likely to involve the skull and possibly the dura, and are at greater risk for complications, which can include infection, hemorrhage, or thrombosis, and can result in death. The limb defects range from mild (unilateral or bilateral short distal phalanges) to severe (complete absence of all toes or fingers, feet or hands, or more, often resembling an amputation). The lower extremities are almost always more severely affected than the upper extremities. Additional major features frequently include cardiovascular malformations/dysfunction (23%), brain anomalies, and less frequently renal, liver, and eye anomalies. [from GeneReviews]

Additional descriptions

From OMIM
Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is a rare developmental disorder defined by the combination of aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp vertex and terminal transverse limb defects (e.g., amputations, syndactyly, brachydactyly, or oligodactyly). In addition, vascular anomalies such as cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, pulmonary hypertension, portal hypertension, and retinal hypervascularization are recurrently seen. Congenital heart defects have been estimated to be present in 20% of AOS patients; reported malformations include ventricular septal defects, anomalies of the great arteries and their valves, and tetralogy of Fallot (summary by Stittrich et al., 2014). Genetic Heterogeneity of Adams-Oliver Syndrome Other autosomal dominant forms of Adams-Oliver syndrome include AOS3 (614814), caused by mutation in the RBPJ gene (147183) on chromosome 4p15; AOS5 (616028), caused by mutation in the NOTCH1 gene (190198) on chromosome 9q34; and AOS6 (616589), caused by mutation in the DLL4 gene (605185) on chromosome 15q15.1. Autosomal recessive forms of Adams-Oliver syndrome include AOS2 (614219), caused by mutation in the DOCK6 gene (614194) on chromosome 19p13, and AOS4 (615297), caused by mutation in the EOGT gene (614789) on chromosome 3p14.  http://www.omim.org/entry/100300
From MedlinePlus Genetics
Adams-Oliver syndrome is a rare condition that is present at birth. The primary features are an abnormality in skin development (called aplasia cutis congenita) and malformations of the limbs. A variety of other features can occur in people with Adams-Oliver syndrome.

Most people with Adams-Oliver syndrome have aplasia cutis congenita, a condition characterized by localized areas of missing skin typically occurring on the top of the head (the skull vertex). In some cases, the bone under the skin is also underdeveloped. Individuals with this condition commonly have scarring and an absence of hair growth in the affected area.

Abnormalities of the hands and feet are also common in people with Adams-Oliver syndrome. These most often involve the fingers and toes and can include abnormal nails, fingers or toes that are fused together (syndactyly), and abnormally short or missing fingers or toes (brachydactyly or oligodactyly). In some cases, other bones in the hands, feet, or lower limbs are malformed or missing.

Some affected infants have a condition called cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita. This disorder of the blood vessels causes a reddish or purplish net-like pattern on the skin. In addition, people with Adams-Oliver syndrome can develop high blood pressure in the blood vessels between the heart and the lungs (pulmonary hypertension), which can be life-threatening. Other blood vessel problems and heart defects can occur in affected individuals.

In some cases, people with Adams-Oliver syndrome have neurological problems, such as developmental delay, learning disabilities, or abnormalities in the structure of the brain.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/adams-oliver-syndrome

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
Follow this link to review classifications for Adams-Oliver syndrome in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

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Am J Med Genet A 2020 Jan;182(1):29-37. Epub 2019 Oct 25 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61364. PMID: 31654484
Browning JC
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Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Stanley KJ, Kalbfleisch KJ, Moran OM, Chaturvedi RR, Roifman M, Chen X, Manshaei R, Martin N, McDermott S, McNiven V, Myles-Reid D, Nield LE, Reuter MS, Schwartz MLB, Shannon P, Silver R, Somerville C, Teitelbaum R, Zahavich L, Bassett AS, Kim RH, Mital S, Chitayat D, Jobling RK
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Diagnosis

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Therapy

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Prognosis

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Whitley CB, Gorlin RJ
Am J Med Genet 1991 Sep 1;40(3):319-26. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320400315. PMID: 1951437

Clinical prediction guides

Perrot A, Rickert-Sperling S
Adv Exp Med Biol 2024;1441:505-534. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_27. PMID: 38884729
Meyer BI, Williams PJ, Hanif AM, Lenhart PD, Hubbard GB 3rd, Jain N
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Stittrich AB, Lehman A, Bodian DL, Ashworth J, Zong Z, Li H, Lam P, Khromykh A, Iyer RK, Vockley JG, Baveja R, Silva ES, Dixon J, Leon EL, Solomon BD, Glusman G, Niederhuber JE, Roach JC, Patel MS
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Recent systematic reviews

van Nisselrooij AEL, Herling L, Clur SA, Linskens IH, Pajkrt E, Rammeloo LA, Ten Harkel ADJ, Hazekamp MG, Blom NA, Haak MC
Prenat Diagn 2021 May;41(6):754-765. Epub 2021 Feb 26 doi: 10.1002/pd.5907. PMID: 33480066Free PMC Article

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