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Abducens nerve disorder

MedGen UID:
78767
•Concept ID:
C0271355
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Abducens nerve weakness
SNOMED CT: Abducens nerve disorder (398925009); Abducens nerve weakness (398963001); Sixth cranial nerve disease (398925009); Abducens nerve disease (398925009); Lateral rectus muscle innervation disorder (398925009); Sixth cranial nerve disorder (398925009); Sixth cranial nerve weakness (398963001)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0020594

Definition

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the abducens nerve (sixth cranial nerve). [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAbducens nerve disorder

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A proposal for evidence-based diagnostic criteria.
Korsbæk JJ, Jensen RH, Høgedal L, Molander LD, Hagen SM, Beier D
Cephalalgia 2023 Mar;43(3):3331024231152795. doi: 10.1177/03331024231152795. PMID: 36786317
Moebius syndrome: clinical features, diagnosis, management and early intervention.
Picciolini O, Porro M, Cattaneo E, Castelletti S, Masera G, Mosca F, Bedeschi MF
Ital J Pediatr 2016 Jun 3;42(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s13052-016-0256-5. PMID: 27260152Free PMC Article
Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus.
Rowe FJ, Noonan CP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012 Feb 15;(2):CD006499. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006499.pub3. PMID: 22336817

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Clinical outcomes and etiology of acquired sixth cranial nerve palsy.
Oh SY
Medicine (Baltimore) 2022 Mar 18;101(11) doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029102. PMID: 35356946Free PMC Article
Etiology and Outcomes of Acquired Pediatric Sixth Nerve Palsies.
Chang MY, Borchert MS
J Neuroophthalmol 2022 Mar 1;42(1):e254-e259. Epub 2021 Aug 17 doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000001390. PMID: 34417775
Approach to patient with diplopia.
Margolin E
J Neurol Sci 2020 Oct 15;417:117055. Epub 2020 Aug 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117055. PMID: 32777577
Moebius syndrome: clinical features, diagnosis, management and early intervention.
Picciolini O, Porro M, Cattaneo E, Castelletti S, Masera G, Mosca F, Bedeschi MF
Ital J Pediatr 2016 Jun 3;42(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s13052-016-0256-5. PMID: 27260152Free PMC Article
Isolated third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies from presumed microvascular versus other causes: a prospective study.
Tamhankar MA, Biousse V, Ying GS, Prasad S, Subramanian PS, Lee MS, Eggenberger E, Moss HE, Pineles S, Bennett J, Osborne B, Volpe NJ, Liu GT, Bruce BB, Newman NJ, Galetta SL, Balcer LJ
Ophthalmology 2013 Nov;120(11):2264-9. Epub 2013 Jun 6 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.04.009. PMID: 23747163Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Etiologic distribution of isolated abducens nerve palsy: Analysis of 807 patients and literature review.
Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Choi JY, Yang HK, Hwang JM, Kim JS
Eur J Neurol 2023 Aug;30(8):2471-2480. Epub 2023 May 25 doi: 10.1111/ene.15828. PMID: 37154347
Isolated Abducens Nerve Palsy: Update on Evaluation and Diagnosis.
Elder C, Hainline C, Galetta SL, Balcer LJ, Rucker JC
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016 Aug;16(8):69. doi: 10.1007/s11910-016-0671-4. PMID: 27306521
Isolated Ocular Motor Nerve Palsies.
Kung NH, Van Stavern GP
Semin Neurol 2015 Oct;35(5):539-48. Epub 2015 Oct 6 doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1563568. PMID: 26444399
Acute-onset diplopia.
O'Colmain U, Gilmour C, MacEwen CJ
Acta Ophthalmol 2014 Jun;92(4):382-6. Epub 2013 Feb 7 doi: 10.1111/aos.12062. PMID: 23387838
Isolated third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies from presumed microvascular versus other causes: a prospective study.
Tamhankar MA, Biousse V, Ying GS, Prasad S, Subramanian PS, Lee MS, Eggenberger E, Moss HE, Pineles S, Bennett J, Osborne B, Volpe NJ, Liu GT, Bruce BB, Newman NJ, Galetta SL, Balcer LJ
Ophthalmology 2013 Nov;120(11):2264-9. Epub 2013 Jun 6 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.04.009. PMID: 23747163Free PMC Article

Therapy

Hypophysitis - A Review of Fourteen Cases.
Chatterjee S, Chatterjee S, Bhartiya S
Neurol India 2023 Jan-Feb;71(1):119-121. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.370481. PMID: 36861584
Cavernous Sinus Swelling and Abducens Nerve Paresis Due to Intracranial Hypotension.
Kobayashi Y, Kamijima S, Okumura G, Morizumi T, Nagamatsu K, Shimizu Y, Sasaki T, Sato A
Intern Med 2022 Oct 15;61(20):3111-3113. Epub 2022 Mar 26 doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8488-21. PMID: 35342130Free PMC Article
Ocular Adverse Events After COVID-19 Vaccination.
Ng XL, Betzler BK, Testi I, Ho SL, Tien M, Ngo WK, Zierhut M, Chee SP, Gupta V, Pavesio CE, de Smet MD, Agrawal R
Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021 Aug 18;29(6):1216-1224. Epub 2021 Sep 24 doi: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1976221. PMID: 34559576Free PMC Article
Classic Raymond Syndrome.
Khan M, Naveed S, Haider I, Humayun M, Khan A
J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2017 Mar;27(3):185-186. PMID: 28406779
Gaze-induced strabismus.
Newman SA
Surv Ophthalmol 1993 Nov-Dec;38(3):303-9. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(93)90079-m. PMID: 8310398

Prognosis

The Abducens Nerve: Anatomy and Pathology.
Lucio LL, Freddi TAL, Ottaiano AC
Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2022 Oct;43(5):414-419. Epub 2022 Apr 18 doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2022.04.008. PMID: 36116854
IgG4-related hypophysitis.
Amirbaigloo A, Esfahanian F, Mouodi M, Rakhshani N, Zeinalizadeh M
Endocrine 2021 Aug;73(2):270-291. Epub 2021 Apr 10 doi: 10.1007/s12020-021-02714-0. PMID: 33837927
Two cases of benign abducens nerve palsy in children and their long-term follow-up.
Zhang T, Tang J
J Int Med Res 2021 Jan;49(1):300060520986702. doi: 10.1177/0300060520986702. PMID: 33445999Free PMC Article
Cranial Nerve Disorders in Children: MR Imaging Findings.
Hwang JY, Yoon HK, Lee JH, Yoon HM, Jung AY, Cho YA, Lee JS, Yoon CH
Radiographics 2016 Jul-Aug;36(4):1178-94. doi: 10.1148/rg.2016150163. PMID: 27399242
Moebius syndrome: clinical features, diagnosis, management and early intervention.
Picciolini O, Porro M, Cattaneo E, Castelletti S, Masera G, Mosca F, Bedeschi MF
Ital J Pediatr 2016 Jun 3;42(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s13052-016-0256-5. PMID: 27260152Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

MRI Diagnosis of Clival Cancer and Sixth Nerve Palsy.
Halawa A, Kim J, Liao E, Trobe JD
J Neuroophthalmol 2023 Mar 1;43(1):126-130. Epub 2022 Jul 13 doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000001655. PMID: 35830685
Approach to patient with diplopia.
Margolin E
J Neurol Sci 2020 Oct 15;417:117055. Epub 2020 Aug 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117055. PMID: 32777577
Idiopathic third and sixth cranial nerve neuritis.
Park KA, Min JH, Oh SY, Kim BJ
Jpn J Ophthalmol 2019 Jul;63(4):337-343. Epub 2019 Apr 20 doi: 10.1007/s10384-019-00666-7. PMID: 31006061
Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus.
Rowe FJ, Noonan CP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Mar 2;3(3):CD006499. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006499.pub4. PMID: 28253424Free PMC Article
Isolated third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies from presumed microvascular versus other causes: a prospective study.
Tamhankar MA, Biousse V, Ying GS, Prasad S, Subramanian PS, Lee MS, Eggenberger E, Moss HE, Pineles S, Bennett J, Osborne B, Volpe NJ, Liu GT, Bruce BB, Newman NJ, Galetta SL, Balcer LJ
Ophthalmology 2013 Nov;120(11):2264-9. Epub 2013 Jun 6 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.04.009. PMID: 23747163Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Predictors of Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Abducens Nerve Schwannoma: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and a Case Report.
Halalmeh DR, Asad MY, Atallah OA, Sbeih AI, Alrashdan M, Richardson AM, Moisi MD, Sbeih IA
World Neurosurg 2023 Nov;179:204-215.e4. Epub 2023 Aug 29 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.100. PMID: 37652133
COVID-19 and sudden-onset ocular neurogenic palsy in prior healthy patients: a systematic review.
Spiteri R, Barakat S, Vukicevic M
Strabismus 2023 Jun;31(2):145-151. Epub 2023 Jul 13 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2023.2232419. PMID: 37448224
Metastatic Lesions of the Clivus: A Systematic Review.
Jozsa F, Das JM
World Neurosurg 2022 Feb;158:190-204. Epub 2021 Nov 30 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.11.105. PMID: 34861450
Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus.
Rowe FJ, Noonan CP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Mar 2;3(3):CD006499. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006499.pub4. PMID: 28253424Free PMC Article
Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus.
Rowe FJ, Noonan CP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012 Feb 15;(2):CD006499. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006499.pub3. PMID: 22336817

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