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Exit Block by ECG Finding

MedGen UID:
811421
•Concept ID:
C3714639
•
Finding
Synonyms: Exit Block; Exit Block by EKG Finding; Sinoatrial Exit Block; Sinoatrial Node Exit Block

Definition

An electrocardiographic finding in which impaired conduction or automaticity within the sinus node results in the failure of impulse transmission from the sinoatrial node. This is manifested as dropped P waves during sinus rhythm. (CDISC) [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVExit Block by ECG Finding

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Right bundle branch block ventricular tachycardia in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy more commonly originates from the right ventricle: Criteria for identifying chamber of origin.
Marchlinski DF, Tschabrunn CM, Zado ES, Santangeli P, Marchlinski FE
Heart Rhythm 2021 Feb;18(2):163-171. Epub 2020 Sep 1 doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.08.016. PMID: 32889109
Idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia: assessment and treatment.
Nogami A
Card Electrophysiol Rev 2002 Dec;6(4):448-57. doi: 10.1023/a:1021100828459. PMID: 12438827
Treatment by pacemaker in familial amyloid polyneuropathy.
Anzai N, Akiyama K, Tsuchida K, Yamada M, Kito S, Yamamura Y
Chest 1989 Jul;96(1):80-4. doi: 10.1378/chest.96.1.80. PMID: 2736995

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Cardiac arrhythmias, electrolyte abnormalities and serum cardiac glycoside concentrations in yellow oleander (Cascabela thevetia) poisoning - a prospective study.
D A, Pandit VR, Kadhiravan T, R S, Prakash Raju KNJ
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019 Feb;57(2):104-111. Epub 2018 Aug 3 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1499930. PMID: 30073854
The Electrocardiographic Footprints of Wenckebach Block.
Mond HG, Vohra J
Heart Lung Circ 2017 Dec;26(12):1252-1266. Epub 2017 Jul 3 doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.718. PMID: 28743439
The effect of hyperkalaemia on cardiac rhythm devices.
Barold SS, Herweg B
Europace 2014 Apr;16(4):467-76. Epub 2014 Jan 23 doi: 10.1093/europace/eut383. PMID: 24465006
Lessons from dissociated pulmonary vein potentials: entry block implies exit block.
Duytschaever M, De Meyer G, Acena M, El-Haddad M, De Greef Y, Van Heuverswyn F, Vandekerckhove Y, Tavernier R, Lee G, Kistler P
Europace 2013 Jun;15(6):805-12. Epub 2012 Dec 28 doi: 10.1093/europace/eus353. PMID: 23275474Free PMC Article
Idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia: assessment and treatment.
Nogami A
Card Electrophysiol Rev 2002 Dec;6(4):448-57. doi: 10.1023/a:1021100828459. PMID: 12438827

Diagnosis

Sinus Node Dysfunction.
Hawks MK, Paul MLB, Malu OO
Am Fam Physician 2021 Aug 1;104(2):179-185. PMID: 34383451
Beyond the Basics: A Sampling of Puzzling Dysrhythmias.
Townsend T, Nahlawi G
Crit Care Nurse 2021 Feb 1;41(1):54-60. doi: 10.4037/ccn2021526. PMID: 33560434
The effect of hyperkalaemia on cardiac rhythm devices.
Barold SS, Herweg B
Europace 2014 Apr;16(4):467-76. Epub 2014 Jan 23 doi: 10.1093/europace/eut383. PMID: 24465006
Unipolar and bipolar electrogram characteristics predict exit block during pulmonary vein antral isolation.
Michowitz Y, Buch E, Bourke T, Tung R, Bradfield J, Mathuria N, Boyle NG, Shivkumar K
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2012 Nov;35(11):1294-301. Epub 2012 Aug 16 doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2012.03499.x. PMID: 22897649
Exit block.
Pick A, Langendorf R, Jedlicka J
Cardiovasc Clin 1973;5(3):113-33. PMID: 4596764

Therapy

Cardiac arrhythmias, electrolyte abnormalities and serum cardiac glycoside concentrations in yellow oleander (Cascabela thevetia) poisoning - a prospective study.
D A, Pandit VR, Kadhiravan T, R S, Prakash Raju KNJ
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019 Feb;57(2):104-111. Epub 2018 Aug 3 doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1499930. PMID: 30073854
Lessons from dissociated pulmonary vein potentials: entry block implies exit block.
Duytschaever M, De Meyer G, Acena M, El-Haddad M, De Greef Y, Van Heuverswyn F, Vandekerckhove Y, Tavernier R, Lee G, Kistler P
Europace 2013 Jun;15(6):805-12. Epub 2012 Dec 28 doi: 10.1093/europace/eus353. PMID: 23275474Free PMC Article
Unipolar and bipolar electrogram characteristics predict exit block during pulmonary vein antral isolation.
Michowitz Y, Buch E, Bourke T, Tung R, Bradfield J, Mathuria N, Boyle NG, Shivkumar K
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2012 Nov;35(11):1294-301. Epub 2012 Aug 16 doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2012.03499.x. PMID: 22897649
Usefulness of the 12-lead electrocardiogram in the follow-up of patients with cardiac resynchronization devices. Part I.
Barold SS, Herweg B
Cardiol J 2011;18(5):476-86. doi: 10.5603/cj.2011.0002. PMID: 21947982
Update on sick sinus syndrome, a cardiac disorder of aging.
Rodriguez RD, Schocken DD
Geriatrics 1990 Jan;45(1):26-30, 33-6. PMID: 2403955

Prognosis

Sinus Node Dysfunction.
Hawks MK, Paul MLB, Malu OO
Am Fam Physician 2021 Aug 1;104(2):179-185. PMID: 34383451
The Electrocardiographic Footprints of Wenckebach Block.
Mond HG, Vohra J
Heart Lung Circ 2017 Dec;26(12):1252-1266. Epub 2017 Jul 3 doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.718. PMID: 28743439
Unipolar and bipolar electrogram characteristics predict exit block during pulmonary vein antral isolation.
Michowitz Y, Buch E, Bourke T, Tung R, Bradfield J, Mathuria N, Boyle NG, Shivkumar K
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2012 Nov;35(11):1294-301. Epub 2012 Aug 16 doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2012.03499.x. PMID: 22897649
Idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia: assessment and treatment.
Nogami A
Card Electrophysiol Rev 2002 Dec;6(4):448-57. doi: 10.1023/a:1021100828459. PMID: 12438827
Update on sick sinus syndrome, a cardiac disorder of aging.
Rodriguez RD, Schocken DD
Geriatrics 1990 Jan;45(1):26-30, 33-6. PMID: 2403955

Clinical prediction guides

Sinus Node Dysfunction.
Hawks MK, Paul MLB, Malu OO
Am Fam Physician 2021 Aug 1;104(2):179-185. PMID: 34383451
The effect of hyperkalaemia on cardiac rhythm devices.
Barold SS, Herweg B
Europace 2014 Apr;16(4):467-76. Epub 2014 Jan 23 doi: 10.1093/europace/eut383. PMID: 24465006
Lessons from dissociated pulmonary vein potentials: entry block implies exit block.
Duytschaever M, De Meyer G, Acena M, El-Haddad M, De Greef Y, Van Heuverswyn F, Vandekerckhove Y, Tavernier R, Lee G, Kistler P
Europace 2013 Jun;15(6):805-12. Epub 2012 Dec 28 doi: 10.1093/europace/eus353. PMID: 23275474Free PMC Article
Unipolar and bipolar electrogram characteristics predict exit block during pulmonary vein antral isolation.
Michowitz Y, Buch E, Bourke T, Tung R, Bradfield J, Mathuria N, Boyle NG, Shivkumar K
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2012 Nov;35(11):1294-301. Epub 2012 Aug 16 doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2012.03499.x. PMID: 22897649
Multiform ventricular tachycardia.
Ross DL, Hamer AW, Vohra JK, Sloman JG, Hunt D
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1980 Jan;3(1):24-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1980.tb04300.x. PMID: 6160491

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