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Phobia

MedGen UID:
83881
•Concept ID:
C0349231
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonym: Phobic disorder
SNOMED CT: Phobia (386808001); Phobic disorder (386810004); Abnormal fear (386808001); Phobic anxiety disorder (386810004)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0003699

Definition

An anxiety disorder characterized by an intense, irrational fear of an object, activity, or situation. The individual seeks to avoid the object, activity, or situation. In adults, the individual recognizes that the fear is excessive or unreasonable. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

The management of fever in children.
Bakalli I, Klironomi D, Kola E, Celaj E
Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2022 Oct;74(5):568-578. Epub 2022 Jul 13 doi: 10.23736/S2724-5276.22.06680-0. PMID: 35822579
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders.
Ströhle A, Gensichen J, Domschke K
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2018 Sep 14;155(37):611-620. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0611. PMID: 30282583Free PMC Article
Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders.
Katzman MA, Bleau P, Blier P, Chokka P, Kjernisted K, Van Ameringen M; Canadian Anxiety Guidelines Initiative Group on behalf of the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada/Association Canadienne des troubles anxieux and McGill University, Antony MM, Bouchard S, Brunet A, Flament M, Grigoriadis S, Mendlowitz S, O'Connor K, Rabheru K, Richter PM, Robichaud M, Walker JR
BMC Psychiatry 2014;14 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S1. Epub 2014 Jul 2 doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-14-S1-S1. PMID: 25081580Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Assessment of dental anxiety and dental phobia among adults in Lebanon.
Kassem El Hajj H, Fares Y, Abou-Abbas L
BMC Oral Health 2021 Feb 4;21(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s12903-021-01409-2. PMID: 33541354Free PMC Article
Virtual Reality Therapy for Social Phobia: A Scoping Review.
Salehi E, Mehrabi M, Fatehi F, Salehi A
Stud Health Technol Inform 2020 Jun 16;270:713-717. doi: 10.3233/SHTI200253. PMID: 32570476
Sleep quality and treatment of social anxiety disorder.
Horenstein A, Morrison AS, Goldin P, Ten Brink M, Gross JJ, Heimberg RG
Anxiety Stress Coping 2019 Jul;32(4):387-398. Epub 2019 May 13 doi: 10.1080/10615806.2019.1617854. PMID: 31082285Free PMC Article
Developmental risk factors in generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder.
Newman MG, Shin KE, Zuellig AR
J Affect Disord 2016 Dec;206:94-102. Epub 2016 Jul 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.008. PMID: 27466747Free PMC Article
A comprehensive meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral interventions for social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents.
Scaini S, Belotti R, Ogliari A, Battaglia M
J Anxiety Disord 2016 Aug;42:105-12. Epub 2016 Jun 25 doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.05.008. PMID: 27399932

Diagnosis

Assessment of dental anxiety and dental phobia among adults in Lebanon.
Kassem El Hajj H, Fares Y, Abou-Abbas L
BMC Oral Health 2021 Feb 4;21(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s12903-021-01409-2. PMID: 33541354Free PMC Article
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Revisited.
Showraki M, Showraki T, Brown K
Psychiatr Q 2020 Sep;91(3):905-914. doi: 10.1007/s11126-020-09747-0. PMID: 32383134
Social Anxiety Disorder.
Leichsenring F, Leweke F
N Engl J Med 2017 Jun 8;376(23):2255-2264. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1614701. PMID: 28591542
Gender differences in social anxiety disorder: A review.
Asher M, Asnaani A, Aderka IM
Clin Psychol Rev 2017 Aug;56:1-12. Epub 2017 May 30 doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.05.004. PMID: 28578248
Developmental risk factors in generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder.
Newman MG, Shin KE, Zuellig AR
J Affect Disord 2016 Dec;206:94-102. Epub 2016 Jul 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.008. PMID: 27466747Free PMC Article

Therapy

Use of cannabidiol in anxiety and anxiety-related disorders.
Skelley JW, Deas CM, Curren Z, Ennis J
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2020 Jan-Feb;60(1):253-261. Epub 2019 Dec 19 doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2019.11.008. PMID: 31866386
Virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety and related disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Carl E, Stein AT, Levihn-Coon A, Pogue JR, Rothbaum B, Emmelkamp P, Asmundson GJG, Carlbring P, Powers MB
J Anxiety Disord 2019 Jan;61:27-36. Epub 2018 Aug 10 doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.08.003. PMID: 30287083
Translational Investigation of the Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol (CBD): Toward a New Age.
Crippa JA, Guimarães FS, Campos AC, Zuardi AW
Front Immunol 2018;9:2009. Epub 2018 Sep 21 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02009. PMID: 30298064Free PMC Article
Stuttering: Clinical and research update.
Perez HR, Stoeckle JH
Can Fam Physician 2016 Jun;62(6):479-84. PMID: 27303004Free PMC Article
Propranolol for the treatment of anxiety disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Steenen SA, van Wijk AJ, van der Heijden GJ, van Westrhenen R, de Lange J, de Jongh A
J Psychopharmacol 2016 Feb;30(2):128-39. Epub 2015 Oct 20 doi: 10.1177/0269881115612236. PMID: 26487439Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Cognitive functional therapy in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain-a randomized controlled trial 3-year follow-up.
Vibe Fersum K, Smith A, Kvåle A, Skouen JS, O'Sullivan P
Eur J Pain 2019 Sep;23(8):1416-1424. Epub 2019 May 14 doi: 10.1002/ejp.1399. PMID: 30974479
The fear of needles: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
McLenon J, Rogers MAM
J Adv Nurs 2019 Jan;75(1):30-42. Epub 2018 Sep 11 doi: 10.1111/jan.13818. PMID: 30109720
Treatment of selective mutism: a 5-year follow-up study.
Oerbeck B, Overgaard KR, Stein MB, Pripp AH, Kristensen H
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018 Aug;27(8):997-1009. Epub 2018 Jan 22 doi: 10.1007/s00787-018-1110-7. PMID: 29357099Free PMC Article
Long-term effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for youth with anxiety disorders.
Kodal A, Fjermestad K, Bjelland I, Gjestad R, Öst LG, Bjaastad JF, Haugland BSM, Havik OE, Heiervang E, Wergeland GJ
J Anxiety Disord 2018 Jan;53:58-67. Epub 2017 Nov 26 doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.11.003. PMID: 29195188
Parenting style and mental disorders in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents.
Eun JD, Paksarian D, He JP, Merikangas KR
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018 Jan;53(1):11-20. Epub 2017 Nov 6 doi: 10.1007/s00127-017-1435-4. PMID: 29110024Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

The relationship between nomophobia and psychiatric symptoms in adolescents.
Kuscu TD, Gumustas F, Rodopman Arman A, Goksu M
Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2021 Mar;25(1):56-61. Epub 2020 Sep 17 doi: 10.1080/13651501.2020.1819334. PMID: 32940094
Systematic review and meta-analysis: Dose-response curve of SSRIs and SNRIs in anxiety disorders.
Jakubovski E, Johnson JA, Nasir M, Müller-Vahl K, Bloch MH
Depress Anxiety 2019 Mar;36(3):198-212. Epub 2018 Nov 26 doi: 10.1002/da.22854. PMID: 30479005
Fever phobia: The impact of time and mortality--a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Purssell E, Collin J
Int J Nurs Stud 2016 Apr;56:81-9. Epub 2015 Nov 17 doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.11.001. PMID: 26643444
Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). New self-rating scale.
Connor KM, Davidson JR, Churchill LE, Sherwood A, Foa E, Weisler RH
Br J Psychiatry 2000 Apr;176:379-86. doi: 10.1192/bjp.176.4.379. PMID: 10827888
Fat phobia: measuring, understanding, and changing anti-fat attitudes.
Robinson BE, Bacon JG, O'Reilly J
Int J Eat Disord 1993 Dec;14(4):467-80. doi: 10.1002/1098-108x(199312)14:4<467::aid-eat2260140410>3.0.co;2-j. PMID: 8293029

Recent systematic reviews

Risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents: a systematic review.
Nawi AM, Ismail R, Ibrahim F, Hassan MR, Manaf MRA, Amit N, Ibrahim N, Shafurdin NS
BMC Public Health 2021 Nov 13;21(1):2088. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11906-2. PMID: 34774013Free PMC Article
Weight bias among health care professionals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lawrence BJ, Kerr D, Pollard CM, Theophilus M, Alexander E, Haywood D, O'Connor M
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021 Nov;29(11):1802-1812. Epub 2021 Sep 6 doi: 10.1002/oby.23266. PMID: 34490738
Association between anxiety and hypertension in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lim LF, Solmi M, Cortese S
Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021 Dec;131:96-119. Epub 2021 Sep 2 doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.031. PMID: 34481847
The fear of needles: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
McLenon J, Rogers MAM
J Adv Nurs 2019 Jan;75(1):30-42. Epub 2018 Sep 11 doi: 10.1111/jan.13818. PMID: 30109720
Propranolol for the treatment of anxiety disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Steenen SA, van Wijk AJ, van der Heijden GJ, van Westrhenen R, de Lange J, de Jongh A
J Psychopharmacol 2016 Feb;30(2):128-39. Epub 2015 Oct 20 doi: 10.1177/0269881115612236. PMID: 26487439Free PMC Article

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