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Leukostasis

MedGen UID:
84394
•Concept ID:
C0282548
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Leukostases; Leukostasis Syndrome; Leukostasis Syndromes; Syndrome, Leukostasis; Syndromes, Leukostasis
SNOMED CT: Leukostasis (30419000)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0006831

Definition

A disorder involving the aberrant infiltration and aggregation of leukocytes into the vasculature of the body. Leukostasis is typically detected in the brain and lungs of persons with leukemia. It requires substantial ablative modalities to both reduce the number of cells present and to ensure dispersion of the aggregates. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVLeukostasis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diabetic Retinopathy: Important Biochemical Alterations and the Main Treatment Strategies.
ValdezGuerrero AS, Quintana-Pérez JC, Arellano-Mendoza MG, Castañeda-Ibarra FJ, Tamay-Cach F, Alemán-González-Duhart D
Can J Diabetes 2021 Aug;45(6):504-511. Epub 2020 Oct 21 doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.10.009. PMID: 33341391
Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis: management of a medical emergency.
Giammarco S, Chiusolo P, Piccirillo N, Di Giovanni A, Metafuni E, Laurenti L, Sica S, Pagano L
Expert Rev Hematol 2017 Feb;10(2):147-154. Epub 2016 Dec 26 doi: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1270754. PMID: 27967252
Hyperleukocytosis, leukostasis and leukapheresis: practice management.
Ganzel C, Becker J, Mintz PD, Lazarus HM, Rowe JM
Blood Rev 2012 May;26(3):117-22. Epub 2012 Feb 23 doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2012.01.003. PMID: 22364832

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Fenofibrate for Diabetic Retinopathy.
Stewart S, Lois N
Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2018 Nov-Dec;7(6):422-426. Epub 2018 Jul 30 doi: 10.22608/APO.2018288. PMID: 30058790
The management of hyperleukocytosis in 2017: Do we still need leukapheresis?
Korkmaz S
Transfus Apher Sci 2018 Feb;57(1):4-7. Epub 2018 Feb 20 doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2018.02.006. PMID: 29477941
Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis: management of a medical emergency.
Giammarco S, Chiusolo P, Piccirillo N, Di Giovanni A, Metafuni E, Laurenti L, Sica S, Pagano L
Expert Rev Hematol 2017 Feb;10(2):147-154. Epub 2016 Dec 26 doi: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1270754. PMID: 27967252
Neuroimaging in Leukemia.
Nabavizadeh SA, Stein J, Mohan S
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2016 Aug;30(4):823-42. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2016.03.006. PMID: 27443999
Hyperleukocytic leukemias and leukostasis: a review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management.
Porcu P, Cripe LD, Ng EW, Bhatia S, Danielson CM, Orazi A, McCarthy LJ
Leuk Lymphoma 2000 Sep;39(1-2):1-18. doi: 10.3109/10428190009053534. PMID: 10975379

Diagnosis

Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis in acute and chronic leukemias.
Macaron W, Sargsyan Z, Short NJ
Leuk Lymphoma 2022 Aug;63(8):1780-1791. Epub 2022 Mar 31 doi: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2056178. PMID: 35357988
Oncologic Emergencies: Traditional and Contemporary.
Spring J, Munshi L
Crit Care Clin 2021 Jan;37(1):85-103. Epub 2020 Oct 29 doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2020.08.004. PMID: 33190777
The Role of Microglia in Diabetic Retinopathy: Inflammation, Microvasculature Defects and Neurodegeneration.
Altmann C, Schmidt MHH
Int J Mol Sci 2018 Jan 1;19(1) doi: 10.3390/ijms19010110. PMID: 29301251Free PMC Article
Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis: management of a medical emergency.
Giammarco S, Chiusolo P, Piccirillo N, Di Giovanni A, Metafuni E, Laurenti L, Sica S, Pagano L
Expert Rev Hematol 2017 Feb;10(2):147-154. Epub 2016 Dec 26 doi: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1270754. PMID: 27967252
Leukostasis in adult acute hyperleukocytic leukemia: a clinician's digest.
Ali AM, Mirrakhimov AE, Abboud CN, Cashen AF
Hematol Oncol 2016 Jun;34(2):69-78. Epub 2016 Mar 27 doi: 10.1002/hon.2292. PMID: 27018197

Therapy

Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis in acute and chronic leukemias.
Macaron W, Sargsyan Z, Short NJ
Leuk Lymphoma 2022 Aug;63(8):1780-1791. Epub 2022 Mar 31 doi: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2056178. PMID: 35357988
Hematology Emergencies in Adults With Critical Illness: Malignant Hematology.
Spring J, Munshi L
Chest 2022 Jul;162(1):120-131. Epub 2022 Feb 12 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.02.004. PMID: 35167862
Fenofibrate for Diabetic Retinopathy.
Stewart S, Lois N
Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2018 Nov-Dec;7(6):422-426. Epub 2018 Jul 30 doi: 10.22608/APO.2018288. PMID: 30058790
The management of hyperleukocytosis in 2017: Do we still need leukapheresis?
Korkmaz S
Transfus Apher Sci 2018 Feb;57(1):4-7. Epub 2018 Feb 20 doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2018.02.006. PMID: 29477941
Hyperleukocytosis, leukostasis and leukapheresis: practice management.
Ganzel C, Becker J, Mintz PD, Lazarus HM, Rowe JM
Blood Rev 2012 May;26(3):117-22. Epub 2012 Feb 23 doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2012.01.003. PMID: 22364832

Prognosis

Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis in acute and chronic leukemias.
Macaron W, Sargsyan Z, Short NJ
Leuk Lymphoma 2022 Aug;63(8):1780-1791. Epub 2022 Mar 31 doi: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2056178. PMID: 35357988
Hyperleukocytosis and Leukostasis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Can a Better Understanding of the Underlying Molecular Pathophysiology Lead to Novel Treatments?
Bewersdorf JP, Zeidan AM
Cells 2020 Oct 17;9(10) doi: 10.3390/cells9102310. PMID: 33080779Free PMC Article
Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis: management of a medical emergency.
Giammarco S, Chiusolo P, Piccirillo N, Di Giovanni A, Metafuni E, Laurenti L, Sica S, Pagano L
Expert Rev Hematol 2017 Feb;10(2):147-154. Epub 2016 Dec 26 doi: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1270754. PMID: 27967252
Adult acute leukemia.
Cornell RF, Palmer J
Dis Mon 2012 Apr;58(4):219-38. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2012.01.011. PMID: 22449370
Hyperleukocytosis, leukostasis and leukapheresis: practice management.
Ganzel C, Becker J, Mintz PD, Lazarus HM, Rowe JM
Blood Rev 2012 May;26(3):117-22. Epub 2012 Feb 23 doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2012.01.003. PMID: 22364832

Clinical prediction guides

The role of therapeutic leukapheresis in hyperleukocytotic AML.
Pastore F, Pastore A, Wittmann G, Hiddemann W, Spiekermann K
PLoS One 2014;9(4):e95062. Epub 2014 Apr 14 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095062. PMID: 24733550Free PMC Article
Effects of diabetes on the eye.
Lutty GA
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013 Dec 13;54(14):ORSF81-7. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-12979. PMID: 24335073Free PMC Article
Modulation of diabetic retinopathy pathophysiology by natural medicines through PPAR-γ-related pharmacology.
Song MK, Roufogalis BD, Huang TH
Br J Pharmacol 2012 Jan;165(1):4-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01411.x. PMID: 21480863Free PMC Article
Hematolymphoid malignancies with intraocular intravascular involvement: report of 2 cases.
Papalas JA, Proia AD, Cummings TJ
Ann Diagn Pathol 2011 Aug;15(4):286-90. Epub 2010 Jul 8 doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2010.04.006. PMID: 20952284
Leukocytoreduction for acute leukemia.
Porcu P, Farag S, Marcucci G, Cataland SR, Kennedy MS, Bissell M
Ther Apher 2002 Feb;6(1):15-23. doi: 10.1046/j.1526-0968.2002.00402.x. PMID: 11886572

Recent systematic reviews

Leukapheresis for the management of hyperleukocytosis in acute myeloid leukemia-A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bewersdorf JP, Giri S, Tallman MS, Zeidan AM, Stahl M
Transfusion 2020 Oct;60(10):2360-2369. Epub 2020 Aug 10 doi: 10.1111/trf.15994. PMID: 32776542Free PMC Article
Leukapheresis and low-dose chemotherapy do not reduce early mortality in acute myeloid leukemia hyperleukocytosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Oberoi S, Lehrnbecher T, Phillips B, Hitzler J, Ethier MC, Beyene J, Sung L
Leuk Res 2014 Apr;38(4):460-8. Epub 2014 Jan 10 doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.01.004. PMID: 24472688

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