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Non-epileptic seizure

MedGen UID:
853160
•Concept ID:
C1142430
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonyms: Functional seizure; Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure; Psychogenic Seizure; Psychogenic seizures; Psychosomatic seizure
SNOMED CT: Psychogenic seizures (191714002)
 
HPO: HP:0033052

Definition

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are not abnormal perceptions or abnormal beliefs/judgments, nor are they epileptic attacks. They are behaviors that simulate epileptic attacks, not fully consciously. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVNon-epileptic seizure

Conditions with this feature

SIN3A-related intellectual disability syndrome due to a point mutation
MedGen UID:
934771
•Concept ID:
C4310804
•
Disease or Syndrome
Witteveen-Kolk syndrome (WITKOS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with characteristic distinctive facial features, microcephaly, short stature, and mildly impaired intellectual development with delayed cognitive and motor development and subtle anomalies on MRI-brain imaging (summary by Balasubramanian et al., 2021).
See: Condition Record
SIN3A-related intellectual disability syndrome due to a point mutation

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Utility of serum lactate on differential diagnosis of seizure-like activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Patel J, Tran QK, Martinez S, Wright H, Pourmand A
Seizure 2022 Nov;102:134-142. Epub 2022 Oct 7 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.10.007. PMID: 36242832
The clinical utility of non-invasive video-electroencephalographic monitoring has been diversifying.
Cho YW, Motamedi GK, Kim KT
Neurol Sci 2019 Dec;40(12):2625-2631. Epub 2019 Aug 8 doi: 10.1007/s10072-019-04022-y. PMID: 31392643
Management of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: a multidisciplinary approach.
Gasparini S, Beghi E, Ferlazzo E, Beghi M, Belcastro V, Biermann KP, Bottini G, Capovilla G, Cervellione RA, Cianci V, Coppola G, Cornaggia CM, De Fazio P, De Masi S, De Sarro G, Elia M, Erba G, Fusco L, Gambardella A, Gentile V, Giallonardo AT, Guerrini R, Ingravallo F, Iudice A, Labate A, Lucenteforte E, Magaudda A, Mumoli L, Papagno C, Pesce GB, Pucci E, Ricci P, Romeo A, Quintas R, Sueri C, Vitaliti G, Zoia R, Aguglia U
Eur J Neurol 2019 Feb;26(2):205-e15. Epub 2018 Nov 29 doi: 10.1111/ene.13818. PMID: 30300463

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Forecasting psychogenic non-epileptic seizure likelihood from ambulatory EEG and ECG.
Xiong W, Kameneva T, Lambert E, Cook MJ, Richardson MP, Nurse ES
J Neural Eng 2022 Nov 3;19(5) doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac9c97. PMID: 36270501
The effectiveness of psychological interventions for children and adolescents with non-epileptic seizures.
Velani H, Gledhill J
Seizure 2021 Dec;93:20-31. Epub 2021 Sep 14 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.09.006. PMID: 34656015
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure-status in patients admitted to the intensive care unit.
Mezouar N, Demeret S, Rotge JY, Dupont S, Navarro V
Eur J Neurol 2021 Aug;28(8):2775-2779. Epub 2021 Jun 20 doi: 10.1111/ene.14941. PMID: 34033167
Management of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: a multidisciplinary approach.
Gasparini S, Beghi E, Ferlazzo E, Beghi M, Belcastro V, Biermann KP, Bottini G, Capovilla G, Cervellione RA, Cianci V, Coppola G, Cornaggia CM, De Fazio P, De Masi S, De Sarro G, Elia M, Erba G, Fusco L, Gambardella A, Gentile V, Giallonardo AT, Guerrini R, Ingravallo F, Iudice A, Labate A, Lucenteforte E, Magaudda A, Mumoli L, Papagno C, Pesce GB, Pucci E, Ricci P, Romeo A, Quintas R, Sueri C, Vitaliti G, Zoia R, Aguglia U
Eur J Neurol 2019 Feb;26(2):205-e15. Epub 2018 Nov 29 doi: 10.1111/ene.13818. PMID: 30300463
Psychological and behavioural treatments for adults with non-epileptic attack disorder.
Martlew J, Pulman J, Marson AG
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014 Feb 11;(2):CD006370. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006370.pub2. PMID: 24519702

Diagnosis

Forecasting psychogenic non-epileptic seizure likelihood from ambulatory EEG and ECG.
Xiong W, Kameneva T, Lambert E, Cook MJ, Richardson MP, Nurse ES
J Neural Eng 2022 Nov 3;19(5) doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac9c97. PMID: 36270501
Utility of serum lactate on differential diagnosis of seizure-like activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Patel J, Tran QK, Martinez S, Wright H, Pourmand A
Seizure 2022 Nov;102:134-142. Epub 2022 Oct 7 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.10.007. PMID: 36242832
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure-status in patients admitted to the intensive care unit.
Mezouar N, Demeret S, Rotge JY, Dupont S, Navarro V
Eur J Neurol 2021 Aug;28(8):2775-2779. Epub 2021 Jun 20 doi: 10.1111/ene.14941. PMID: 34033167
Management of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: a multidisciplinary approach.
Gasparini S, Beghi E, Ferlazzo E, Beghi M, Belcastro V, Biermann KP, Bottini G, Capovilla G, Cervellione RA, Cianci V, Coppola G, Cornaggia CM, De Fazio P, De Masi S, De Sarro G, Elia M, Erba G, Fusco L, Gambardella A, Gentile V, Giallonardo AT, Guerrini R, Ingravallo F, Iudice A, Labate A, Lucenteforte E, Magaudda A, Mumoli L, Papagno C, Pesce GB, Pucci E, Ricci P, Romeo A, Quintas R, Sueri C, Vitaliti G, Zoia R, Aguglia U
Eur J Neurol 2019 Feb;26(2):205-e15. Epub 2018 Nov 29 doi: 10.1111/ene.13818. PMID: 30300463
Psychological and behavioural treatments for adults with non-epileptic attack disorder.
Martlew J, Pulman J, Marson AG
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014 Feb 11;(2):CD006370. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006370.pub2. PMID: 24519702

Therapy

Utility of serum lactate on differential diagnosis of seizure-like activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Patel J, Tran QK, Martinez S, Wright H, Pourmand A
Seizure 2022 Nov;102:134-142. Epub 2022 Oct 7 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.10.007. PMID: 36242832
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure in patients with intellectual disability with special focus on choice of therapeutic intervention.
Kanemoto K, Goji H, Tadokoro Y, Kato E, Oshima T
Seizure 2017 Feb;45:2-6. Epub 2016 Nov 14 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.10.025. PMID: 27898362
Psychological and behavioural treatments for adults with non-epileptic attack disorder.
Martlew J, Pulman J, Marson AG
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014 Feb 11;(2):CD006370. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006370.pub2. PMID: 24519702
Risk factors of recurrent seizure, co-morbidities, and mortality in new onset seizure in elderly.
Phabphal K, Geater A, Limapichat K, Sathirapanya P, Setthawatcharawanich S
Seizure 2013 Sep;22(7):577-80. Epub 2013 May 10 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2013.04.009. PMID: 23664806
Overtreatment in epilepsy: adverse consequences and mechanisms.
Perucca E
Epilepsy Res 2002 Nov;52(1):25-33. doi: 10.1016/s0920-1211(02)00182-1. PMID: 12445957

Prognosis

Factors affecting long-term prognosis in adult patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures.
Meliha T, Baburhan G, Hulya O, Merve CM
Ideggyogy Sz 2024 Jan 30;77(1-2):21-26. doi: 10.18071/isz.77.0021. PMID: 38321857
Association between brain metabolism and clinical course of motor functional neurological disorders.
Conejero I, Collombier L, Lopez-Castroman J, Mura T, Alonso S, Olié E, Boudousq V, Boulet F, Arquizan C, Boulet C, Wacongne A, Heitz C, Castelli C, Mouchabac S, Courtet P, Abbar M, Thouvenot E
Brain 2022 Sep 14;145(9):3264-3273. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac146. PMID: 35445242
Explanatory factors of quality of life in psychogenic non-epileptic seizure.
Gagny M, Grenevald L, El-Hage W, Chrusciel J, Sanchez S, Schwan R, Klemina I, Biberon J, de Toffol B, Thiriaux A, Visseaux JF, Martin ML, Meyer M, Maillard L, Hingray C
Seizure 2021 Jan;84:6-13. Epub 2020 Nov 5 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.10.028. PMID: 33254100
Artificial intelligence as an emerging technology in the current care of neurological disorders.
Patel UK, Anwar A, Saleem S, Malik P, Rasul B, Patel K, Yao R, Seshadri A, Yousufuddin M, Arumaithurai K
J Neurol 2021 May;268(5):1623-1642. Epub 2019 Aug 26 doi: 10.1007/s00415-019-09518-3. PMID: 31451912
Overtreatment in epilepsy: adverse consequences and mechanisms.
Perucca E
Epilepsy Res 2002 Nov;52(1):25-33. doi: 10.1016/s0920-1211(02)00182-1. PMID: 12445957

Clinical prediction guides

Executive functioning and social skills in children with epileptic seizures and non-epileptic seizures.
Levan A, Fegter O, Gale SD
Epilepsy Res 2022 Dec;188:107051. Epub 2022 Nov 4 doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.107051. PMID: 36379123
Utility of serum lactate on differential diagnosis of seizure-like activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Patel J, Tran QK, Martinez S, Wright H, Pourmand A
Seizure 2022 Nov;102:134-142. Epub 2022 Oct 7 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.10.007. PMID: 36242832
Explanatory factors of quality of life in psychogenic non-epileptic seizure.
Gagny M, Grenevald L, El-Hage W, Chrusciel J, Sanchez S, Schwan R, Klemina I, Biberon J, de Toffol B, Thiriaux A, Visseaux JF, Martin ML, Meyer M, Maillard L, Hingray C
Seizure 2021 Jan;84:6-13. Epub 2020 Nov 5 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.10.028. PMID: 33254100
Artificial intelligence as an emerging technology in the current care of neurological disorders.
Patel UK, Anwar A, Saleem S, Malik P, Rasul B, Patel K, Yao R, Seshadri A, Yousufuddin M, Arumaithurai K
J Neurol 2021 May;268(5):1623-1642. Epub 2019 Aug 26 doi: 10.1007/s00415-019-09518-3. PMID: 31451912
Self-Report questionnaires for the diagnosis of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in clinical practice. A comprehensive review of the available instruments.
Giussani G, Erba G, Bianchi E, Beghi E
Seizure 2020 Jul;79:30-43. Epub 2020 Apr 26 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.04.007. PMID: 32417685

Recent systematic reviews

Utility of serum lactate on differential diagnosis of seizure-like activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Patel J, Tran QK, Martinez S, Wright H, Pourmand A
Seizure 2022 Nov;102:134-142. Epub 2022 Oct 7 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.10.007. PMID: 36242832
The effectiveness of psychological interventions for children and adolescents with non-epileptic seizures.
Velani H, Gledhill J
Seizure 2021 Dec;93:20-31. Epub 2021 Sep 14 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.09.006. PMID: 34656015
Psychological and behavioural treatments for adults with non-epileptic attack disorder.
Martlew J, Pulman J, Marson AG
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014 Feb 11;(2):CD006370. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006370.pub2. PMID: 24519702

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