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Effusion

MedGen UID:
8557
•Concept ID:
C0013687
•
Pathologic Function
Synonym: Free fluid
SNOMED CT: Effusion (41699000); Free fluid (41699000)

Definition

A collection of fluid in a body cavity, which may be the result of a non-neoplastic disorder (e.g. heart failure) or a tumor (e.g. carcinoma of the lung). [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Malignant Pleural Effusion: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management.
Gayen S
Am J Med 2022 Oct;135(10):1188-1192. Epub 2022 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.04.017. PMID: 35576996
Pleural Effusion in Adults-Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Jany B, Welte T
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2019 May 24;116(21):377-386. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0377. PMID: 31315808Free PMC Article
Otitis media: diagnosis and treatment.
Harmes KM, Blackwood RA, Burrows HL, Cooke JM, Harrison RV, Passamani PP
Am Fam Physician 2013 Oct 1;88(7):435-40. PMID: 24134083

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Acute and recurrent pericarditis.
Paleček T
Vnitr Lek 2019 Winter;65(10):624-629. PMID: 31906683
Transitory effusive-constrictive pericarditis.
Paiardi S, Pellegrino M, Cannata F, Bocciolone M, Voza A
Am J Emerg Med 2018 Mar;36(3):524.e1-524.e6. Epub 2017 Nov 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.11.047. PMID: 29169889
Pericardial Effusions: Causes, Diagnosis, and Management.
Vakamudi S, Ho N, Cremer PC
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2017 Jan-Feb;59(4):380-388. Epub 2017 Jan 4 doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.12.009. PMID: 28062268
Management of Parapneumonic Pleural Effusion in Adults.
Ferreiro L, San José ME, Valdés L
Arch Bronconeumol 2015 Dec;51(12):637-46. Epub 2015 Mar 26 doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2015.01.009. PMID: 25820035
Neoplastic pericardial effusion.
Refaat MM, Katz WE
Clin Cardiol 2011 Oct;34(10):593-8. Epub 2011 Sep 16 doi: 10.1002/clc.20936. PMID: 21928406Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Use of lung ultrasound for the diagnosis and treatment of pleural effusion.
Shao RJ, Du MJ, Xie JT
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022 Dec;26(23):8771-8776. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202212_30548. PMID: 36524495
Malignant Pleural Effusion: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management.
Gayen S
Am J Med 2022 Oct;135(10):1188-1192. Epub 2022 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.04.017. PMID: 35576996
Malignant Pleural Effusion: Diagnosis and Management.
Ferreiro L, Suárez-Antelo J, Álvarez-Dobaño JM, Toubes ME, Riveiro V, Valdés L
Can Respir J 2020;2020:2950751. Epub 2020 Sep 23 doi: 10.1155/2020/2950751. PMID: 33273991Free PMC Article
Pleural Effusion in Adults-Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Jany B, Welte T
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2019 May 24;116(21):377-386. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0377. PMID: 31315808Free PMC Article
Diagnosis of pleural effusion: a systematic approach.
McGrath EE, Anderson PB
Am J Crit Care 2011 Mar;20(2):119-27; quiz 128. doi: 10.4037/ajcc2011685. PMID: 21362716

Therapy

Tympanostomy Tubes or Medical Management for Recurrent Acute Otitis Media.
Hoberman A, Preciado D, Paradise JL, Chi DH, Haralam M, Block SL, Kearney DH, Bhatnagar S, Muñiz Pujalt GB, Shope TR, Martin JM, Felten DE, Kurs-Lasky M, Liu H, Yahner K, Jeong JH, Cohen NL, Czervionke B, Nagg JP, Dohar JE, Shaikh N
N Engl J Med 2021 May 13;384(19):1789-1799. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2027278. PMID: 33979487Free PMC Article
Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions. An Official ATS/STS/STR Clinical Practice Guideline.
Feller-Kopman DJ, Reddy CB, DeCamp MM, Diekemper RL, Gould MK, Henry T, Iyer NP, Lee YCG, Lewis SZ, Maskell NA, Rahman NM, Sterman DH, Wahidi MM, Balekian AA
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018 Oct 1;198(7):839-849. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201807-1415ST. PMID: 30272503
Surgical versus non-surgical management for pleural empyema.
Redden MD, Chin TY, van Driel ML
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Mar 17;3(3):CD010651. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010651.pub2. PMID: 28304084Free PMC Article
Evaluation and Treatment of Pericarditis: A Systematic Review.
Imazio M, Gaita F, LeWinter M
JAMA 2015 Oct 13;314(14):1498-506. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.12763. PMID: 26461998
Diagnosis of pleural effusion: a systematic approach.
McGrath EE, Anderson PB
Am J Crit Care 2011 Mar;20(2):119-27; quiz 128. doi: 10.4037/ajcc2011685. PMID: 21362716

Prognosis

Characteristics and outcomes of primary pleural angiosarcoma: A retrospective study of 43 published cases.
Wang X, Lu Z, Luo Y, Cai J, Wei J, Liu A, Zeng Z
Medicine (Baltimore) 2022 Feb 11;101(6):e28785. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028785. PMID: 35147108Free PMC Article
Contemporaneous Comparison of Outcomes Among Patients Implanted With a Leadless vs Transvenous Single-Chamber Ventricular Pacemaker.
Piccini JP, El-Chami M, Wherry K, Crossley GH, Kowal RC, Stromberg K, Longacre C, Hinnenthal J, Bockstedt L
JAMA Cardiol 2021 Oct 1;6(10):1187-1195. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.2621. PMID: 34319383Free PMC Article
High-dose versus standard-dose twice-daily thoracic radiotherapy for patients with limited stage small-cell lung cancer: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial.
Grønberg BH, Killingberg KT, Fløtten Ø, Brustugun OT, Hornslien K, Madebo T, Langer SW, Schytte T, Nyman J, Risum S, Tsakonas G, Engleson J, Halvorsen TO
Lancet Oncol 2021 Mar;22(3):321-331. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30742-7. PMID: 33662285
Hearing Loss and Failed Newborn Hearing Screen.
Dedhia K, Graham E, Park A
Clin Perinatol 2018 Dec;45(4):629-643. Epub 2018 Sep 24 doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2018.07.004. PMID: 30396409
Mastoiditis.
Anderson KJ
Pediatr Rev 2009 Jun;30(6):233-4. doi: 10.1542/pir.30-6-233. PMID: 19487433

Clinical prediction guides

Focused Cardiac Ultrasonography.
Spencer KT, Flachskampf FA
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019 Jul;12(7 Pt 1):1243-1253. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.12.036. PMID: 31272607
Lung Ultrasound for the Cardiologist.
Picano E, Scali MC, Ciampi Q, Lichtenstein D
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018 Nov;11(11):1692-1705. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.06.023. PMID: 30409330
Neoplastic pericardial effusion.
Refaat MM, Katz WE
Clin Cardiol 2011 Oct;34(10):593-8. Epub 2011 Sep 16 doi: 10.1002/clc.20936. PMID: 21928406Free PMC Article
Tympanometry.
Onusko E
Am Fam Physician 2004 Nov 1;70(9):1713-20. PMID: 15554489
Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) of the knee in osteoarthritis.
Peterfy CG, Guermazi A, Zaim S, Tirman PF, Miaux Y, White D, Kothari M, Lu Y, Fye K, Zhao S, Genant HK
Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004 Mar;12(3):177-90. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2003.11.003. PMID: 14972335

Recent systematic reviews

Association between knee inflammation and knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review.
Dainese P, Wyngaert KV, De Mits S, Wittoek R, Van Ginckel A, Calders P
Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022 Apr;30(4):516-534. Epub 2021 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.12.003. PMID: 34968719
Clinical predictors of severe dengue: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Tsheten T, Clements ACA, Gray DJ, Adhikary RK, Furuya-Kanamori L, Wangdi K
Infect Dis Poverty 2021 Oct 9;10(1):123. doi: 10.1186/s40249-021-00908-2. PMID: 34627388Free PMC Article
Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions. An Official ATS/STS/STR Clinical Practice Guideline.
Feller-Kopman DJ, Reddy CB, DeCamp MM, Diekemper RL, Gould MK, Henry T, Iyer NP, Lee YCG, Lewis SZ, Maskell NA, Rahman NM, Sterman DH, Wahidi MM, Balekian AA
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018 Oct 1;198(7):839-849. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201807-1415ST. PMID: 30272503
Evaluation and Treatment of Pericarditis: A Systematic Review.
Imazio M, Gaita F, LeWinter M
JAMA 2015 Oct 13;314(14):1498-506. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.12763. PMID: 26461998
Diagnosis of pleural effusion: a systematic approach.
McGrath EE, Anderson PB
Am J Crit Care 2011 Mar;20(2):119-27; quiz 128. doi: 10.4037/ajcc2011685. PMID: 21362716

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