U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Ellis-van Creveld syndrome(EVC)

MedGen UID:
8584
Concept ID:
C0013903
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Chondroectodermal dysplasia; EVC; EVC-Related Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome; EVC2-Related Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome; Mesoectodermal dysplasia
SNOMED CT: Chondroectodermal dysplasia (62501005); Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (62501005); EVC - Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (62501005)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
 
Genes (locations): EVC (4p16.2); EVC2 (4p16.2)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0009162
OMIM®: 225500
Orphanet: ORPHA289

Definition

Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia characterized by short limbs, short ribs, postaxial polydactyly, and dysplastic nails and teeth. Congenital cardiac defects, most commonly a defect of primary atrial septation producing a common atrium, occur in 60% of affected individuals (summary by Ruiz-Perez et al., 2000). The clinical features of the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome appear to be identical regardless of whether the disorder is caused by mutation in the EVC gene (604831) or in the EVC2 gene (607261) (Ruiz-Perez et al., 2003, Galdzicka et al., 2002). [from OMIM]

Additional description

From MedlinePlus Genetics
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is an inherited disorder of bone growth that results in very short stature (dwarfism). People with this condition have particularly short forearms and lower legs and a narrow chest with short ribs. Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is also characterized by the presence of extra fingers and toes (polydactyly), malformed fingernails and toenails, and dental abnormalities. More than half of affected individuals are born with a heart defect, which can cause serious or life-threatening health problems.

The features of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome overlap with those of another, milder condition called Weyers acrofacial dysostosis. Like Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, Weyers acrofacial dysostosis involves tooth and nail abnormalities, although affected individuals have less pronounced short stature and typically do not have heart defects. The two conditions are caused by mutations in the same genes.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ellis-van-creveld-syndrome

Clinical features

From HPO
Cryptorchidism
MedGen UID:
8192
Concept ID:
C0010417
Congenital Abnormality
Cryptorchidism, or failure of testicular descent, is a common human congenital abnormality with a multifactorial etiology that likely reflects the involvement of endocrine, environmental, and hereditary factors. Cryptorchidism can result in infertility and increases risk for testicular tumors. Testicular descent from abdomen to scrotum occurs in 2 distinct phases: the transabdominal phase and the inguinoscrotal phase (summary by Gorlov et al., 2002).
Epispadias
MedGen UID:
41839
Concept ID:
C0014588
Congenital Abnormality
Epispadias is a urogenital malformation characterized by the failure of the urethral tube to tubularize on the dorsal aspect. Unlike in hypospadias, where the meatus is on the ventral aspect, children with epispadias have a wide-open urethral plate on the dorsum. It is commonly seen as a component in the spectrum of bladder exstrophy-epispadias-complex. Isolated epispadias constitutes less than 10 percent of the total cases of epispadias.
Hypospadias
MedGen UID:
163083
Concept ID:
C0848558
Congenital Abnormality
Abnormal position of urethral meatus on the ventral penile shaft (underside) characterized by displacement of the urethral meatus from the tip of the glans penis to the ventral surface of the penis, scrotum, or perineum.
Clubfoot
MedGen UID:
3130
Concept ID:
C0009081
Congenital Abnormality
Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).
Postaxial hand polydactyly
MedGen UID:
609221
Concept ID:
C0431904
Congenital Abnormality
Supernumerary digits located at the ulnar side of the hand (that is, on the side with the fifth finger).
Genu valgum
MedGen UID:
154364
Concept ID:
C0576093
Anatomical Abnormality
The legs angle inward, such that the knees are close together and the ankles far apart.
Postaxial foot polydactyly
MedGen UID:
384489
Concept ID:
C2112129
Finding
Polydactyly of the foot most commonly refers to the presence of six toes on one foot. Postaxial polydactyly affects the lateral ray and the duplication may range from a well-formed articulated digit to a rudimentary digit.
Acetabular spurs
MedGen UID:
814600
Concept ID:
C3808270
Finding
The presence of osteophytes (bone spurs), i.e., of bony projections originating from the acetabulum.
Atrial septal defect
MedGen UID:
6753
Concept ID:
C0018817
Congenital Abnormality
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum.
Common atrium
MedGen UID:
488886
Concept ID:
C0392482
Congenital Abnormality
Complete absence of the interatrial septum with common atrioventricular valve and two atrioventricular connections.
Disproportionate short-limb short stature
MedGen UID:
342370
Concept ID:
C1849937
Finding
A type of disproportionate short stature characterized by a short limbs but an average-sized trunk.
Neonatal short-limb short stature
MedGen UID:
337984
Concept ID:
C1850171
Finding
A type of short-limbed dwarfism that is manifest beginning in the neonatal period.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Pectus carinatum
MedGen UID:
57643
Concept ID:
C0158731
Finding
A deformity of the chest caused by overgrowth of the ribs and characterized by protrusion of the sternum.
Narrow chest
MedGen UID:
96528
Concept ID:
C0426790
Finding
Reduced width of the chest from side to side, associated with a reduced distance from the sternal notch to the tip of the shoulder.
Short ribs
MedGen UID:
98094
Concept ID:
C0426817
Finding
Reduced rib length.
Short long bone
MedGen UID:
344385
Concept ID:
C1854912
Finding
One or more abnormally short long bone.
Capitate-hamate fusion
MedGen UID:
346488
Concept ID:
C1857002
Finding
Cone-shaped epiphyses of phalanges 2 to 5
MedGen UID:
347351
Concept ID:
C1857005
Finding
Hypoplastic iliac wing
MedGen UID:
351279
Concept ID:
C1865027
Anatomical Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the ilium ala.
Dandy-Walker malformation
MedGen UID:
419183
Concept ID:
C2931867
Congenital Abnormality
A congenital brain malformation typically characterized by incomplete formation of the cerebellar vermis, dilation of the fourth ventricle, and enlargement of the posterior fossa. In layman's terms, Dandy Walker malformation is a cyst in the cerebellum (typically symmetrical) that is involved with the fourth ventricle. This may interfere with the ability to drain cerebrospinal fluid from the brain, resulting in hydrocephalus. Dandy Walker cysts are formed during early embryonic development, while the brain forms. The cyst in the cerebellum typically has several blood vessels running through it connecting to the brain, thereby prohibiting surgical removal.
Horizontal ribs
MedGen UID:
812840
Concept ID:
C3806510
Finding
A horizontal (flat) conformation of the ribs, the long curved bones that form the rib cage and normally progressively oblique (slanted) from ribs 1 through 9, then less slanted through rib 12.
Cleft upper lip
MedGen UID:
40327
Concept ID:
C0008924
Congenital Abnormality
A gap or groove in the upper lip. This is a congenital defect resulting from nonfusion of tissues of the lip during embryonal development.
Partial congenital absence of teeth
MedGen UID:
43794
Concept ID:
C0020608
Congenital Abnormality
Tooth agenesis in some form is a common human anomaly that affects approximately 20% of the population. Although tooth agenesis is associated with numerous syndromes, several case reports describe nonsyndromic forms that are either sporadic or familial in nature, as reviewed by Gorlin et al. (1990). The incidence of familial tooth agenesis varies with each class of teeth. Most commonly affected are third molars (wisdom teeth), followed by either upper lateral incisors or lower second premolars; agenesis involving first and second molars is very rare. Also see 114600 and 302400. Selective tooth agenesis without associated systemic disorders has sometimes been divided into 2 types: oligodontia, defined as agenesis of 6 or more permanent teeth, and hypodontia, defined as agenesis of less than 6 teeth. The number in both cases does not include absence of third molars (wisdom teeth). Faulty use of the terms, however, have confounded their use. The term 'partial anodontia' is obsolete (Salinas, 1978). Genetic Heterogeneity of Selective Tooth Agenesis Other forms of selective tooth agenesis include STHAG2 (602639), mapped to chromosome 16q12; STHAG3 (604625), caused by mutation in the PAX9 gene (167416) on chromosome 14q12; STHAG4 (150400), caused by mutation in the WNT10A gene (606268) on chromosome 2q35; STHAG5 (610926), mapped to chromosome 10q11; STHAG7 (616724), caused by mutation in the LRP6 gene (603507) on chromosome 12p13; STHAG8 (617073), caused by mutation in the WNT10B gene (601906) on chromosome 12q13; STHAG9 (617275), caused by mutation in the GREM2 gene (608832) on chromosome 1q43; STHAG10 (620173), caused by mutation in the TSPEAR gene (612920) on chromosome 21q22; and STHAGX1 (313500), caused by mutation in the EDA gene (300451) on chromosome Xq13. A type of selective tooth agenesis that was formerly designated STHAG6 has been incorporated into the dental anomalies and short stature syndrome (DASS; 601216). Of 34 unrelated patients with nonsyndromic tooth agenesis, van den Boogaard et al. (2012) found that 56% (19 patients) had mutations in the WNT10A gene (STHAG4), whereas only 3% and 9% had mutations in the MSX1 (STHAG1) and PAX9 (STHAG3) genes, respectively. The authors concluded that WNT10A is a major gene in the etiology of isolated hypodontia. Genotype-Phenotype Correlations Yu et al. (2016) observed that the most frequently missing permanent teeth in WNT10B-associated oligodontia were the lateral incisors (83.3%), whereas premolars were missing only 51.4% of the time, which they noted was a pattern 'clearly different' from the oligodontia patterns resulting from WNT10A mutations. They also stated that the selective pattern in WNT10B mutants was different from that associated with mutations in other genes, such as MSX1, in which second premolars are missing, and PAX9, in which there is agenesis of molars.
Natal tooth
MedGen UID:
10268
Concept ID:
C0027443
Finding
A tooth present at birth or erupting within the first month of life.
Delayed eruption of teeth
MedGen UID:
68678
Concept ID:
C0239174
Finding
Delayed tooth eruption, which can be defined as tooth eruption more than 2 SD beyond the mean eruption age.
Abnormal alveolar ridge morphology
MedGen UID:
574114
Concept ID:
C0341007
Disease or Syndrome
Any abnormality of the alveolar ridges (on the upper or lower jaws). The alveolar ridges contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth.
Ectodermal dysplasia
MedGen UID:
8544
Concept ID:
C0013575
Disease or Syndrome
Ectodermal dysplasia is a group of conditions in which there is abnormal development of the skin, hair, nails, teeth, or sweat glands.
Nail dysplasia
MedGen UID:
331737
Concept ID:
C1834405
Congenital Abnormality
The presence of developmental dysplasia of the nail.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVEllis-van Creveld syndrome
Follow this link to review classifications for Ellis-van Creveld syndrome in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Chen CP, Chen CY, Chern SR, Su JW, Wang W
Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2012 Dec;51(4):643-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2012.10.001. PMID: 23276573
Slavkin HC
Am J Med Genet A 2009 Sep;149A(9):2071-4. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32862. PMID: 19681133
Horigome H, Hamada H, Sohda S, Oyake Y, Kurosaki Y
Pediatr Radiol 1997 Dec;27(12):942-4. doi: 10.1007/s002470050277. PMID: 9388288

Recent clinical studies

Therapy

Huang X, Guo Y, Xu H, Yang Z, Deng X, Deng H, Yuan L
Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019 Sep;7(9):e885. Epub 2019 Jul 23 doi: 10.1002/mgg3.885. PMID: 31338997Free PMC Article
O'Brien A, Roth MK, Athreya H, Reinker K, Koeck W, Patil V, Trevino H, Simmons J, Joshi AP, Smith MD, Campbell RM
J Pediatr Orthop 2015 Dec;35(8):783-97. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000000383. PMID: 25575358
Shamim F, Minai FN
J Pak Med Assoc 2008 Aug;58(8):460-2. PMID: 18822649
Versteegh FG, Buma SA, Costin G, de Jong WC, Hennekam RC; EvC Working Party
Am J Med Genet A 2007 Sep 15;143A(18):2113-21. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31891. PMID: 17702014
Goldblatt J, Minutillo C, Pemberton PJ, Hurst J
Med J Aust 1992 Aug 17;157(4):271-2. PMID: 1435447

Prognosis

Eftekhariyazdi M, Meshkani M, Moslem A, Hakimi P, Safari S, Khaligh A, Zare-Abdollahi D
J Gene Med 2020 Jun;22(6):e3175. Epub 2020 Mar 17 doi: 10.1002/jgm.3175. PMID: 32072716
Hills CB, Kochilas L, Schimmenti LA, Moller JH
Pediatr Cardiol 2011 Oct;32(7):977-82. Epub 2011 May 1 doi: 10.1007/s00246-011-0006-9. PMID: 21533779
Shilpy S, Nikhil M, Samir D
J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2007;25 Suppl:S5-7. PMID: 17921643
Baujat G, Le Merrer M
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007 Jun 4;2:27. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-27. PMID: 17547743Free PMC Article
Kaitila I, Leisti JT, Rimoin DL
Clin Orthop Relat Res 1976 Jan-Feb;(114):94-106. PMID: 1261139

Clinical prediction guides

Perrot A, Rickert-Sperling S
Adv Exp Med Biol 2024;1441:505-534. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_27. PMID: 38884729
Hampl M, Cela P, Szabo-Rogers HL, Kunova Bosakova M, Dosedelova H, Krejci P, Buchtova M
J Dent Res 2017 Aug;96(9):965-974. Epub 2017 Jun 12 doi: 10.1177/0022034517713688. PMID: 28605602Free PMC Article
Wheway G, Schmidts M, Mans DA, Szymanska K, Nguyen TT, Racher H, Phelps IG, Toedt G, Kennedy J, Wunderlich KA, Sorusch N, Abdelhamed ZA, Natarajan S, Herridge W, van Reeuwijk J, Horn N, Boldt K, Parry DA, Letteboer SJF, Roosing S, Adams M, Bell SM, Bond J, Higgins J, Morrison EE, Tomlinson DC, Slaats GG, van Dam TJP, Huang L, Kessler K, Giessl A, Logan CV, Boyle EA, Shendure J, Anazi S, Aldahmesh M, Al Hazzaa S, Hegele RA, Ober C, Frosk P, Mhanni AA, Chodirker BN, Chudley AE, Lamont R, Bernier FP, Beaulieu CL, Gordon P, Pon RT, Donahue C, Barkovich AJ, Wolf L, Toomes C, Thiel CT, Boycott KM, McKibbin M, Inglehearn CF; UK10K Consortium; University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Stewart F, Omran H, Huynen MA, Sergouniotis PI, Alkuraya FS, Parboosingh JS, Innes AM, Willoughby CE, Giles RH, Webster AR, Ueffing M, Blacque O, Gleeson JG, Wolfrum U, Beales PL, Gibson T, Doherty D, Mitchison HM, Roepman R, Johnson CA
Nat Cell Biol 2015 Aug;17(8):1074-1087. Epub 2015 Jul 13 doi: 10.1038/ncb3201. PMID: 26167768Free PMC Article
Huber C, Cormier-Daire V
Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2012 Aug 15;160C(3):165-74. Epub 2012 Jul 12 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31336. PMID: 22791528
Baujat G, Le Merrer M
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007 Jun 4;2:27. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-27. PMID: 17547743Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Lauritano D, Attuati S, Besana M, Rodilosso G, Quinzi V, Marzo G, Carinci F
Eur J Paediatr Dent 2019 Dec;20(4):306-310. doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2019.20.04.09. PMID: 31850774

Supplemental Content

Recent activity

Your browsing activity is empty.

Activity recording is turned off.

Turn recording back on

See more...