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Blood clot

MedGen UID:
86212
•Concept ID:
C0302148
•
Pathologic Function
Synonyms: Blood Clot; Blood coagulum; Clot; Thrombus
SNOMED CT: Clot (75753009); Blood clot (75753009); Blood coagulum (75753009)

Definition

An aggregation of blood factors, primarily platelets and fibrin with entrapment of cellular elements, frequently causing vascular obstruction at the point of its formation. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket).
Daly BJ, Sharif MO, Jones K, Worthington HV, Beattie A
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Sep 26;9(9):CD006968. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006968.pub3. PMID: 36156769Free PMC Article
Clinical Practice Guideline: Nosebleed (Epistaxis) Executive Summary.
Tunkel DE, Anne S, Payne SC, Ishman SL, Rosenfeld RM, Abramson PJ, Alikhaani JD, Benoit MM, Bercovitz RS, Brown MD, Chernobilsky B, Feldstein DA, Hackell JM, Holbrook EH, Holdsworth SM, Lin KW, Lind MM, Poetker DM, Riley CA, Schneider JS, Seidman MD, Vadlamudi V, Valdez TA, Nnacheta LC, Monjur TM
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 Jan;162(1):8-25. doi: 10.1177/0194599819889955. PMID: 31910122
Clinical Practice Guideline: Nosebleed (Epistaxis).
Tunkel DE, Anne S, Payne SC, Ishman SL, Rosenfeld RM, Abramson PJ, Alikhaani JD, Benoit MM, Bercovitz RS, Brown MD, Chernobilsky B, Feldstein DA, Hackell JM, Holbrook EH, Holdsworth SM, Lin KW, Lind MM, Poetker DM, Riley CA, Schneider JS, Seidman MD, Vadlamudi V, Valdez TA, Nnacheta LC, Monjur TM
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 Jan;162(1_suppl):S1-S38. doi: 10.1177/0194599819890327. PMID: 31910111

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Pathophysiological mechanisms of thrombosis in acute and long COVID-19.
Jing H, Wu X, Xiang M, Liu L, Novakovic VA, Shi J
Front Immunol 2022;13:992384. Epub 2022 Nov 16 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.992384. PMID: 36466841Free PMC Article
Coagulation: At the heart of infective endocarditis.
Liesenborghs L, Meyers S, Vanassche T, Verhamme P
J Thromb Haemost 2020 May;18(5):995-1008. Epub 2020 Feb 3 doi: 10.1111/jth.14736. PMID: 31925863
Advanced platelet-rich fibrin and freeze-dried bone allograft for ridge preservation: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
Clark D, Rajendran Y, Paydar S, Ho S, Cox D, Ryder M, Dollard J, Kao RT
J Periodontol 2018 Apr;89(4):379-387. doi: 10.1002/JPER.17-0466. PMID: 29683498Free PMC Article
Atrial fibrillation.
Nurs Stand 2014 Mar 5-11;28(27):18. doi: 10.7748/ns2014.03.28.27.18.s25. PMID: 24593083
Ancrod.
Sherman DG
Curr Med Res Opin 2002;18 Suppl 2:s48-52. PMID: 12365829

Diagnosis

Regenerative Endodontics by Cell Homing: A Review of Recent Clinical trials.
Yan H, De Deus G, Kristoffersen IM, Wiig E, Reseland JE, Johnsen GF, Silva EJNL, Haugen HJ
J Endod 2023 Jan;49(1):4-17. Epub 2022 Oct 18 doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.09.008. PMID: 36270575
Pathophysiological mechanisms of thrombosis in acute and long COVID-19.
Jing H, Wu X, Xiang M, Liu L, Novakovic VA, Shi J
Front Immunol 2022;13:992384. Epub 2022 Nov 16 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.992384. PMID: 36466841Free PMC Article
Proteomics in Thrombosis and Hemostasis.
Letunica N, Van Den Helm S, McCafferty C, Swaney E, Cai T, Attard C, Karlaftis V, Monagle P, Ignjatovic V
Thromb Haemost 2022 Jul;122(7):1076-1084. Epub 2021 Nov 9 doi: 10.1055/a-1690-8897. PMID: 34753192
An inflammation classification system using cytokine parameters.
Roe K
Scand J Immunol 2021 Feb;93(2):e12970. Epub 2020 Sep 18 doi: 10.1111/sji.12970. PMID: 32892387
Cerebral Vasospasm: A Review.
Findlay JM, Nisar J, Darsaut T
Can J Neurol Sci 2016 Jan;43(1):15-32. Epub 2015 Sep 2 doi: 10.1017/cjn.2015.288. PMID: 26332908

Therapy

Pathophysiological mechanisms of thrombosis in acute and long COVID-19.
Jing H, Wu X, Xiang M, Liu L, Novakovic VA, Shi J
Front Immunol 2022;13:992384. Epub 2022 Nov 16 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.992384. PMID: 36466841Free PMC Article
PREVENTion of CLots in Orthopaedic Trauma (PREVENT CLOT): a randomised pragmatic trial protocol comparing aspirin versus low-molecular-weight heparin for blood clot prevention in orthopaedic trauma patients.
O'Toole RV, Stein DM, Frey KP, O'Hara NN, Scharfstein DO, Slobogean GP, Taylor TJ, Haac BE, Carlini AR, Manson TT, Sudini K, Mullins CD, Wegener ST, Firoozabadi R, Haut ER, Bosse MJ, Seymour RB, Holden MB, Gitajn IL, Goldhaber SZ, Eastman AL, Jurkovich GJ, Vallier HA, Gary JL, Kleweno CP, Cuschieri J, Marvel D, Castillo RC; METRC
BMJ Open 2021 Mar 24;11(3):e041845. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041845. PMID: 33762229Free PMC Article
Nattokinase: An Oral Antithrombotic Agent for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease.
Weng Y, Yao J, Sparks S, Wang KY
Int J Mol Sci 2017 Feb 28;18(3) doi: 10.3390/ijms18030523. PMID: 28264497Free PMC Article
Cerebral Vasospasm: A Review.
Findlay JM, Nisar J, Darsaut T
Can J Neurol Sci 2016 Jan;43(1):15-32. Epub 2015 Sep 2 doi: 10.1017/cjn.2015.288. PMID: 26332908
Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke.
Wardlaw JM, Murray V, Berge E, del Zoppo GJ
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014 Jul 29;2014(7):CD000213. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000213.pub3. PMID: 25072528Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Endothelial inflammation and dysfunction in COVID-19.
Sbirkov Y, Dzharov V, Todorova K, Hayrabedyan S, Sarafian V
Vasa 2022 Mar;51(2):62-70. Epub 2022 Feb 16 doi: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000991. PMID: 35171039
Nanomechanics of Blood Clot and Thrombus Formation.
Domingues MM, Carvalho FA, Santos NC
Annu Rev Biophys 2022 May 9;51:201-221. Epub 2022 Jan 6 doi: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-111821-072110. PMID: 34990221
Proteomics in Thrombosis and Hemostasis.
Letunica N, Van Den Helm S, McCafferty C, Swaney E, Cai T, Attard C, Karlaftis V, Monagle P, Ignjatovic V
Thromb Haemost 2022 Jul;122(7):1076-1084. Epub 2021 Nov 9 doi: 10.1055/a-1690-8897. PMID: 34753192
The role of surgical flap design (minimally invasive flap vs. extended flap with papilla preservation) on the healing of intrabony defects treated with an enamel matrix derivative: a 12-month two-center randomized controlled clinical trial.
Windisch P, Iorio-Siciliano V, Palkovics D, Ramaglia L, Blasi A, Sculean A
Clin Oral Investig 2022 Feb;26(2):1811-1821. Epub 2021 Sep 7 doi: 10.1007/s00784-021-04155-5. PMID: 34491446Free PMC Article
"PASS" principles for predictable bone regeneration.
Wang HL, Boyapati L
Implant Dent 2006 Mar;15(1):8-17. doi: 10.1097/01.id.0000204762.39826.0f. PMID: 16569956

Clinical prediction guides

Regenerative Endodontics by Cell Homing: A Review of Recent Clinical trials.
Yan H, De Deus G, Kristoffersen IM, Wiig E, Reseland JE, Johnsen GF, Silva EJNL, Haugen HJ
J Endod 2023 Jan;49(1):4-17. Epub 2022 Oct 18 doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.09.008. PMID: 36270575
Endothelial inflammation and dysfunction in COVID-19.
Sbirkov Y, Dzharov V, Todorova K, Hayrabedyan S, Sarafian V
Vasa 2022 Mar;51(2):62-70. Epub 2022 Feb 16 doi: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000991. PMID: 35171039
The role of surgical flap design (minimally invasive flap vs. extended flap with papilla preservation) on the healing of intrabony defects treated with an enamel matrix derivative: a 12-month two-center randomized controlled clinical trial.
Windisch P, Iorio-Siciliano V, Palkovics D, Ramaglia L, Blasi A, Sculean A
Clin Oral Investig 2022 Feb;26(2):1811-1821. Epub 2021 Sep 7 doi: 10.1007/s00784-021-04155-5. PMID: 34491446Free PMC Article
Thromboelastography and Thromboelastometry in Assessment of Fibrinogen Deficiency and Prediction for Transfusion Requirement: A Descriptive Review.
Peng HT, Nascimento B, Beckett A
Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:7020539. Epub 2018 Nov 25 doi: 10.1155/2018/7020539. PMID: 30596098Free PMC Article
"PASS" principles for predictable bone regeneration.
Wang HL, Boyapati L
Implant Dent 2006 Mar;15(1):8-17. doi: 10.1097/01.id.0000204762.39826.0f. PMID: 16569956

Recent systematic reviews

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket).
Daly BJ, Sharif MO, Jones K, Worthington HV, Beattie A
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Sep 26;9(9):CD006968. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006968.pub3. PMID: 36156769Free PMC Article
Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis.
Broderick C, Patel JV
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Nov 17;11(11):CD000985. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000985.pub3. PMID: 34786692Free PMC Article
Anticoagulants for acute ischaemic stroke.
Wang X, Ouyang M, Yang J, Song L, Yang M, Anderson CS
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Oct 22;10(10):CD000024. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000024.pub5. PMID: 34676532Free PMC Article
Anticoagulants for acute ischaemic stroke.
Sandercock PA, Counsell C, Kane EJ
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 Mar 12;2015(3):CD000024. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000024.pub4. PMID: 25764172Free PMC Article
Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke.
Wardlaw JM, Murray V, Berge E, del Zoppo GJ
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014 Jul 29;2014(7):CD000213. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000213.pub3. PMID: 25072528Free PMC Article

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