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Freckled genitalia

MedGen UID:
866693
Concept ID:
C4021040
Finding
Synonym: Genitalia, ephelides
 
HPO: HP:0030257

Definition

One or more brown punctate macules on the skin of the genitalia. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Venkatesan A
Dermatol Clin 2010 Oct;28(4):795-805. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2010.08.007. PMID: 20883921
Parveen BA, Sindhuja R
Int J Dermatol 2008 Aug;47(8):839-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03591.x. PMID: 18717867
Sarkozy A, Digilio MC, Dallapiccola B
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2008 May 27;3:13. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-3-13. PMID: 18505544Free PMC Article
Estrada R, Kaufman R
J Reprod Med 1993 Jan;38(1):5-8. PMID: 8441132
Barbieri RL, Hornstein MD
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1988 Dec;17(4):685-703. PMID: 3058472

Diagnosis

Ghosh SK, Majumdar B, Rudra O, Chakraborty S
Dermatol Online J 2015 Oct 16;21(10) PMID: 26632807
Venkatesan A
Dermatol Clin 2010 Oct;28(4):795-805. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2010.08.007. PMID: 20883921
Edwards L
Dermatol Ther 2010 Sep-Oct;23(5):449-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01349.x. PMID: 20868400
Parveen BA, Sindhuja R
Int J Dermatol 2008 Aug;47(8):839-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03591.x. PMID: 18717867
Estrada R, Kaufman R
J Reprod Med 1993 Jan;38(1):5-8. PMID: 8441132

Therapy

Liu H, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Lin H, Zhu Z, Zheng H, Ye W, Luo Z, Qing Z, Xiao X, Hu L, Zhou Y, Zhang X
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023;14:1266730. Epub 2023 Nov 1 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1266730. PMID: 38027184Free PMC Article
Gao R, Liu NF, Sheng XG
Chin J Cancer 2010 Apr;29(4):460-2. doi: 10.5732/cjc.009.10479. PMID: 20346227
Torres J, Russo P, Tobias JD
Paediatr Anaesth 2004 Apr;14(4):352-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.01189.x. PMID: 15078383
Losanoff JE, Kjossev KT
Endoscopy 1998 Nov;30(9):S105-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1001434. PMID: 9932772
Ridley CM
Br J Dermatol 1972 Jun;86(6):641-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb05083.x. PMID: 4558233

Prognosis

Galazka P, Jain R, Muthukumar L, Sanders H, Bush M, Jan MF, Jahangir A, Khandheria BK, Tajik AJ
Am J Cardiol 2020 Nov 15;135:168-173. Epub 2020 Aug 28 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.08.027. PMID: 32866449
Anderco D, Lazăr E, Tăban S, Miclea F, Dema A
Rom J Morphol Embryol 2010;51(3):555-7. PMID: 20809037
Parveen BA, Sindhuja R
Int J Dermatol 2008 Aug;47(8):839-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03591.x. PMID: 18717867
Sarkozy A, Digilio MC, Dallapiccola B
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2008 May 27;3:13. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-3-13. PMID: 18505544Free PMC Article
Yuksek J, Sezer E, Erbil AH, Arca E, Taştan HB, Kurumlu Z, Demiriz M
Dermatol Online J 2007 Jul 13;13(3):23. PMID: 18328217

Clinical prediction guides

Liu H, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Lin H, Zhu Z, Zheng H, Ye W, Luo Z, Qing Z, Xiao X, Hu L, Zhou Y, Zhang X
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023;14:1266730. Epub 2023 Nov 1 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1266730. PMID: 38027184Free PMC Article
Takei Y, Fujiwara H, Nagashima T, Takahashi Y, Takahashi S, Suzuki M
J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2015 Mar;41(3):468-73. Epub 2014 Sep 26 doi: 10.1111/jog.12541. PMID: 25257303
Ito M, Minamiguchi S, Mikami Y, Ueda Y, Sekiyama K, Yamamoto T, Takakura K
Pathol Res Pract 2012 Oct 15;208(10):623-7. Epub 2012 Aug 9 doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2012.06.008. PMID: 22878090
Porciello R, Divona L, Strano S, Carbone A, Calvieri C, Giustini S
Dermatol Online J 2008 Mar 15;14(3):7. PMID: 18627709
Mannone F, De Giorgi V, Cattaneo A, Massi D, De Magnis A, Carli P
Dermatol Surg 2004 Aug;30(8):1118-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30337.x. PMID: 15274702

Recent systematic reviews

Gordhandas SB, Kahn R, Sassine D, Aviki EM, Baltich Nelson B, Catchings A, Liu YL, Lakhman Y, Abu-Rustum NR, Park KJ, Mueller JJ
Int J Gynecol Cancer 2022 Jan;32(1):79-88. Epub 2021 Dec 13 doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-002997. PMID: 34903560

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