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Freckled genitalia

MedGen UID:
866693
Concept ID:
C4021040
Finding
Synonym: Genitalia, ephelides
 
HPO: HP:0030257

Definition

One or more brown punctate macules on the skin of the genitalia. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

De Giorgi V, Gori A, Salvati L, Scarfì F, Maida P, Trane L, Silvestri F, Portelli F, Venturi F, Covarelli P, Massi D
JAMA Dermatol 2020 Nov 1;156(11):1185-1191. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.2528. PMID: 32785609Free PMC Article
Vaccari S, Barisani A, Salvini C, Pirola S, Preti EP, Pennacchioli E, Iacobone AD, Patrizi A, Tosti G
Clin Exp Dermatol 2020 Mar;45(2):187-193. Epub 2019 Sep 26 doi: 10.1111/ced.14068. PMID: 31389062
Parveen BA, Sindhuja R
Int J Dermatol 2008 Aug;47(8):839-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03591.x. PMID: 18717867
Sarkozy A, Digilio MC, Dallapiccola B
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2008 May 27;3:13. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-3-13. PMID: 18505544Free PMC Article
Barbieri RL, Hornstein MD
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1988 Dec;17(4):685-703. PMID: 3058472

Diagnosis

Allbritton JI
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2017 Sep;44(3):339-352. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2017.04.002. PMID: 28778635
Ghosh SK, Majumdar B, Rudra O, Chakraborty S
Dermatol Online J 2015 Oct 16;21(10) PMID: 26632807
Paštar Z, Lipozenčić J
Clin Dermatol 2014 Mar-Apr;32(2):315-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.08.016. PMID: 24559569
Parveen BA, Sindhuja R
Int J Dermatol 2008 Aug;47(8):839-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03591.x. PMID: 18717867
Sarkozy A, Digilio MC, Dallapiccola B
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2008 May 27;3:13. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-3-13. PMID: 18505544Free PMC Article

Therapy

Liu H, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Lin H, Zhu Z, Zheng H, Ye W, Luo Z, Qing Z, Xiao X, Hu L, Zhou Y, Zhang X
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023;14:1266730. Epub 2023 Nov 1 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1266730. PMID: 38027184Free PMC Article
De Giorgi V, Gori A, Salvati L, Scarfì F, Maida P, Trane L, Silvestri F, Portelli F, Venturi F, Covarelli P, Massi D
JAMA Dermatol 2020 Nov 1;156(11):1185-1191. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.2528. PMID: 32785609Free PMC Article
Gourgari E, Saloustros E, Stratakis CA
Curr Opin Pediatr 2012 Aug;24(4):518-22. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e328355a279. PMID: 22732638Free PMC Article
Gao R, Liu NF, Sheng XG
Chin J Cancer 2010 Apr;29(4):460-2. doi: 10.5732/cjc.009.10479. PMID: 20346227
Ridley CM
Br J Dermatol 1972 Jun;86(6):641-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb05083.x. PMID: 4558233

Prognosis

De Giorgi V, Gori A, Salvati L, Scarfì F, Maida P, Trane L, Silvestri F, Portelli F, Venturi F, Covarelli P, Massi D
JAMA Dermatol 2020 Nov 1;156(11):1185-1191. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.2528. PMID: 32785609Free PMC Article
Anderco D, Lazăr E, Tăban S, Miclea F, Dema A
Rom J Morphol Embryol 2010;51(3):555-7. PMID: 20809037
Parveen BA, Sindhuja R
Int J Dermatol 2008 Aug;47(8):839-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03591.x. PMID: 18717867
Sarkozy A, Digilio MC, Dallapiccola B
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2008 May 27;3:13. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-3-13. PMID: 18505544Free PMC Article
Shabaik A
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2003 Aug;40(4):429-72. doi: 10.1080/10408360390247823. PMID: 14582603

Clinical prediction guides

Galazka P, Jain R, Muthukumar L, Sanders H, Bush M, Jan MF, Jahangir A, Khandheria BK, Tajik AJ
Am J Cardiol 2020 Nov 15;135:168-173. Epub 2020 Aug 28 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.08.027. PMID: 32866449
Laimer M, Arzberger E, Kirchner CA, Prodinger C, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Ahlgrimm-Siess V
Dermatol Surg 2017 Jul;43(7):911-919. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000001110. PMID: 28430732
Ferrari A, Zalaudek I, Argenziano G, Buccini P, De Simone P, Silipo V, Eibenschutz L, Mariani G, Covello R, Sperduti I, Mariani L, Catricalà C
Dermatology 2011;222(2):157-66. Epub 2011 Feb 9 doi: 10.1159/000323409. PMID: 21311169
Rodríguez-Bujaldón A, Vazquez-Bayo C, Jimenez-Puya R, Galan-Gutierrez M, Moreno-Gimenez J, Rodriguez-Garcia A, Tercedor J, Velez-Garcia A
Pediatr Dermatol 2008 Jul-Aug;25(4):444-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00734.x. PMID: 18789084
Porciello R, Divona L, Strano S, Carbone A, Calvieri C, Giustini S
Dermatol Online J 2008 Mar 15;14(3):7. PMID: 18627709

Recent systematic reviews

Gordhandas SB, Kahn R, Sassine D, Aviki EM, Baltich Nelson B, Catchings A, Liu YL, Lakhman Y, Abu-Rustum NR, Park KJ, Mueller JJ
Int J Gynecol Cancer 2022 Jan;32(1):79-88. Epub 2021 Dec 13 doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-002997. PMID: 34903560

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