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Dichromacy

MedGen UID:
868906
•Concept ID:
C4023317
•
Disease or Syndrome
HPO: HP:0011518

Definition

Individuals affected by dichromacy possess only two types of cones, instead of three. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVDichromacy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Can Protanopia Be Correctly Diagnosed in Clinical Practice? An Evaluation of Diagnosis by Four Screening Tests.
Davison PA, Scanlon G
Optom Vis Sci 2020 Oct;97(10):852-856. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001582. PMID: 33055513
Variety of genotypes in males diagnosed as dichromatic on a conventional clinical anomaloscope.
Neitz M, Carroll J, Renner A, Knau H, Werner JS, Neitz J
Vis Neurosci 2004 May-Jun;21(3):205-16. doi: 10.1017/s0952523804213293. PMID: 15518190Free PMC Article
Genotype-phenotype relationships in human red/green color-vision defects: molecular and psychophysical studies.
Deeb SS, Lindsey DT, Hibiya Y, Sanocki E, Winderickx J, Teller DY, Motulsky AG
Am J Hum Genet 1992 Oct;51(4):687-700. PMID: 1415215Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Cone contrast test-HD: sensitivity and specificity in red-green dichromacy and the impact of age.
Iizuka T, Kawamorita T, Handa T, Ishikawa H
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2023 May 1;40(5):849-858. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.480467. PMID: 37133182
The effect of pelage, background, and distance on predator detection and the evolution of primate color vision.
de Moraes PZ, Diniz P, Spyrides MHC, Pessoa DMA
Am J Primatol 2021 Feb;83(2):e23230. Epub 2021 Jan 21 doi: 10.1002/ajp.23230. PMID: 33475188
Towards an electroretinographic assay for studying colour vision in human observers.
Kremers J, Bhatt D
Doc Ophthalmol 2016 Oct;133(2):109-120. Epub 2016 Sep 21 doi: 10.1007/s10633-016-9561-y. PMID: 27655146
The simple perfection of quantum correlation in human vision.
Bouman MA
Prog Neurobiol 2006 Jan;78(1):38-60. Epub 2005 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.11.006. PMID: 16377059
The molecular genetics and evolution of primate colour vision.
Tovee MJ
Trends Neurosci 1994 Jan;17(1):30-7. doi: 10.1016/0166-2236(94)90032-9. PMID: 7511848

Diagnosis

Cone contrast test-HD: sensitivity and specificity in red-green dichromacy and the impact of age.
Iizuka T, Kawamorita T, Handa T, Ishikawa H
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2023 May 1;40(5):849-858. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.480467. PMID: 37133182
A two-step method for identifying photopigment opsin and rhodopsin gene sequences underlying human color vision phenotypes.
Atilano SR, Kenney MC, Briscoe AD, Jameson KA
Mol Vis 2020;26:158-172. Epub 2020 Mar 5 PMID: 32180681Free PMC Article
Electrodiagnosis of dichromacy.
Barboni MTS, Hauzman E, Nagy BV, Martins CMG, Aher AJ, Tsai TI, Bonci DMO, Ventura DF, Kremers J
Vision Res 2019 May;158:135-145. Epub 2019 Mar 7 doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2019.02.011. PMID: 30844384
Color preference in red-green dichromats.
Álvaro L, Moreira H, Lillo J, Franklin A
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015 Jul 28;112(30):9316-21. Epub 2015 Jul 13 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1502104112. PMID: 26170287Free PMC Article
The simple perfection of quantum correlation in human vision.
Bouman MA
Prog Neurobiol 2006 Jan;78(1):38-60. Epub 2005 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.11.006. PMID: 16377059

Therapy

The effect of pelage, background, and distance on predator detection and the evolution of primate color vision.
de Moraes PZ, Diniz P, Spyrides MHC, Pessoa DMA
Am J Primatol 2021 Feb;83(2):e23230. Epub 2021 Jan 21 doi: 10.1002/ajp.23230. PMID: 33475188
The colors of natural scenes benefit dichromats.
Pastilha RC, Linhares JMM, Gomes AE, Santos JLA, de Almeida VMN, Nascimento SMC
Vision Res 2019 May;158:40-48. Epub 2019 Feb 27 doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2019.02.003. PMID: 30796994
Achromatic luminance contrast sensitivity in X-linked color-deficient observers: an addition to the debate.
Janáky M, Borbély J, Benedek G, Kocsis BP, Braunitzer G
Vis Neurosci 2014 Jan;31(1):99-103. Epub 2013 Oct 8 doi: 10.1017/S0952523813000400. PMID: 24103453
The simple perfection of quantum correlation in human vision.
Bouman MA
Prog Neurobiol 2006 Jan;78(1):38-60. Epub 2005 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.11.006. PMID: 16377059
The role of small-field tritanopia in two measures of colour vision.
Tuck JP, Long GM
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1990 Apr;10(2):195-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.1990.tb00975.x. PMID: 2371065

Prognosis

Not just shades of grey: life is full of colour for the ocellate river stingray (Potamotrygon motoro).
Schluessel V, Rick IP, Seifert FD, Baumann C, Lee Davies WI
J Exp Biol 2021 May 1;224(9) Epub 2021 May 4 doi: 10.1242/jeb.226142. PMID: 33771913
An analytical model of the influence of cone sensitivity and numerosity on the Rayleigh match.
Zhaoping L, Carroll J
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2016 Mar;33(3):A228-37. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.33.00A228. PMID: 26974928Free PMC Article
Stable motor cortex excitability in red and green lighting conditions.
Langguth B, Eichhammer P, Pickert K, Frank U, Perna M, Landgrebe M, Frick U, Hajak G, Sand P
Neurosci Lett 2009 Aug 21;460(1):32-5. Epub 2009 May 18 doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.05.034. PMID: 19450661
Novel form of a single X-linked visual pigment gene in a unique dichromatic color-vision defect.
Hayashi T, Kubo A, Takeuchi T, Gekka T, Goto-Omoto S, Kitahara K
Vis Neurosci 2006 May-Aug;23(3-4):411-7. doi: 10.1017/S0952523806233029. PMID: 16961974
Variety of genotypes in males diagnosed as dichromatic on a conventional clinical anomaloscope.
Neitz M, Carroll J, Renner A, Knau H, Werner JS, Neitz J
Vis Neurosci 2004 May-Jun;21(3):205-16. doi: 10.1017/s0952523804213293. PMID: 15518190Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Cone contrast test-HD: sensitivity and specificity in red-green dichromacy and the impact of age.
Iizuka T, Kawamorita T, Handa T, Ishikawa H
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2023 May 1;40(5):849-858. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.480467. PMID: 37133182
Not just shades of grey: life is full of colour for the ocellate river stingray (Potamotrygon motoro).
Schluessel V, Rick IP, Seifert FD, Baumann C, Lee Davies WI
J Exp Biol 2021 May 1;224(9) Epub 2021 May 4 doi: 10.1242/jeb.226142. PMID: 33771913
The colors of natural scenes benefit dichromats.
Pastilha RC, Linhares JMM, Gomes AE, Santos JLA, de Almeida VMN, Nascimento SMC
Vision Res 2019 May;158:40-48. Epub 2019 Feb 27 doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2019.02.003. PMID: 30796994
Towards an electroretinographic assay for studying colour vision in human observers.
Kremers J, Bhatt D
Doc Ophthalmol 2016 Oct;133(2):109-120. Epub 2016 Sep 21 doi: 10.1007/s10633-016-9561-y. PMID: 27655146
Color preference in red-green dichromats.
Álvaro L, Moreira H, Lillo J, Franklin A
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015 Jul 28;112(30):9316-21. Epub 2015 Jul 13 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1502104112. PMID: 26170287Free PMC Article

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