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Hypertrophy of the lower limb

MedGen UID:
869376
•Concept ID:
C4023803
•
Finding
Synonyms: Hypertrophy of leg; Hypertrophy of lower extremity; Hypertrophy of lower limb
SNOMED CT: Hypertrophy of lower limb (1268319002); Hypertrophy of leg (1268319002); Hypertrophy of lower extremity (1268319002)
 
HPO: HP:0010496

Definition

Abnormal increase in size of the lower limbs (due to an increase of the size of cells). [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVHypertrophy of the lower limb

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Management of Musculoskeletal Complications in Patients with Hemophilia: Literature Review and Expert Recommendations.
Rodriguez-Merchan EC
Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2021;21(3):162-166. doi: 10.2174/1871529X21666210427134232. PMID: 33906595
Diagnosis and management of extensive vascular malformations of the lower limb: part I. Clinical diagnosis.
Redondo P, Aguado L, Martínez-Cuesta A
J Am Acad Dermatol 2011 Nov;65(5):893-906; quiz 907-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.12.047. PMID: 22000870
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: current management.
Gloviczki P, Driscoll DJ
Phlebology 2007;22(6):291-8. doi: 10.1177/026835550702200611. PMID: 18274338

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Greater Gastrocnemius Muscle Hypertrophy After Partial Range of Motion Training Performed at Long Muscle Lengths.
Kassiano W, Costa B, Kunevaliki G, Soares D, Zacarias G, Manske I, Takaki Y, Ruggiero MF, Stavinski N, Francsuel J, Tricoli I, Carneiro MAS, Cyrino ES
J Strength Cond Res 2023 Sep 1;37(9):1746-1753. Epub 2023 Apr 3 doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004460. PMID: 37015016
Effects of the Short-Foot Exercise on Foot Alignment and Muscle Hypertrophy in Flatfoot Individuals: A Meta-Analysis.
Huang C, Chen LY, Liao YH, Masodsai K, Lin YY
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Sep 22;19(19) doi: 10.3390/ijerph191911994. PMID: 36231295Free PMC Article
Progressive overload without progressing load? The effects of load or repetition progression on muscular adaptations.
Plotkin D, Coleman M, Van Every D, Maldonado J, Oberlin D, Israetel M, Feather J, Alto A, Vigotsky AD, Schoenfeld BJ
PeerJ 2022;10:e14142. Epub 2022 Sep 30 doi: 10.7717/peerj.14142. PMID: 36199287Free PMC Article
Resistance Training Volume Enhances Muscle Hypertrophy but Not Strength in Trained Men.
Schoenfeld BJ, Contreras B, Krieger J, Grgic J, Delcastillo K, Belliard R, Alto A
Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019 Jan;51(1):94-103. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001764. PMID: 30153194Free PMC Article
Longer Interset Rest Periods Enhance Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy in Resistance-Trained Men.
Schoenfeld BJ, Pope ZK, Benik FM, Hester GM, Sellers J, Nooner JL, Schnaiter JA, Bond-Williams KE, Carter AS, Ross CL, Just BL, Henselmans M, Krieger JW
J Strength Cond Res 2016 Jul;30(7):1805-12. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001272. PMID: 26605807

Diagnosis

Diagnostic imaging in lipedema: A systematic review.
van la Parra RFD, Deconinck C, Krug B
Obes Rev 2024 Jan;25(1):e13648. Epub 2023 Oct 3 doi: 10.1111/obr.13648. PMID: 37789512
Calf pseudohipertrophy.
Zurita Prada PA, Faré García R, Urrego Laurín CL, Pérez Toledo R, Tabernero García C, Hernández Laín A
Reumatol Clin 2017 May-Jun;13(3):173-175. Epub 2016 Apr 18 doi: 10.1016/j.reuma.2016.02.012. PMID: 27101742
Caveolinopathies in Greece.
Papadopoulos C, Papadimas GK, Kekou K, Spengos K, Svigou M, Kitsiou-Tzeli S, Manta P
Neurologist 2015 Jul;20(1):8-12. doi: 10.1097/NRL.0000000000000036. PMID: 26185955
Idiopathic hemihypertrophy.
Mohanna MA, Sallam AK
Saudi Med J 2014 Apr;35(4):403-5. PMID: 24749139
Athlete's nodule.
Uchiyama M, Tsuboi R, Mitsuhashi Y
J Dermatol 2009 Nov;36(11):608-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2009.00718.x. PMID: 19878395

Therapy

Greater Gastrocnemius Muscle Hypertrophy After Partial Range of Motion Training Performed at Long Muscle Lengths.
Kassiano W, Costa B, Kunevaliki G, Soares D, Zacarias G, Manske I, Takaki Y, Ruggiero MF, Stavinski N, Francsuel J, Tricoli I, Carneiro MAS, Cyrino ES
J Strength Cond Res 2023 Sep 1;37(9):1746-1753. Epub 2023 Apr 3 doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004460. PMID: 37015016
Effects of the Short-Foot Exercise on Foot Alignment and Muscle Hypertrophy in Flatfoot Individuals: A Meta-Analysis.
Huang C, Chen LY, Liao YH, Masodsai K, Lin YY
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Sep 22;19(19) doi: 10.3390/ijerph191911994. PMID: 36231295Free PMC Article
Progressive overload without progressing load? The effects of load or repetition progression on muscular adaptations.
Plotkin D, Coleman M, Van Every D, Maldonado J, Oberlin D, Israetel M, Feather J, Alto A, Vigotsky AD, Schoenfeld BJ
PeerJ 2022;10:e14142. Epub 2022 Sep 30 doi: 10.7717/peerj.14142. PMID: 36199287Free PMC Article
Resistance Training Volume Enhances Muscle Hypertrophy but Not Strength in Trained Men.
Schoenfeld BJ, Contreras B, Krieger J, Grgic J, Delcastillo K, Belliard R, Alto A
Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019 Jan;51(1):94-103. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001764. PMID: 30153194Free PMC Article
Longer Interset Rest Periods Enhance Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy in Resistance-Trained Men.
Schoenfeld BJ, Pope ZK, Benik FM, Hester GM, Sellers J, Nooner JL, Schnaiter JA, Bond-Williams KE, Carter AS, Ross CL, Just BL, Henselmans M, Krieger JW
J Strength Cond Res 2016 Jul;30(7):1805-12. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001272. PMID: 26605807

Prognosis

Understanding lower limb muscle volume adaptations to amputation.
Henson DP, Edgar C, Ding Z, Sivapuratharasu B, Le Feuvre P, Finnegan ME, Quest R, McGregor AH, Bull AMJ
J Biomech 2021 Aug 26;125:110599. Epub 2021 Jun 29 doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110599. PMID: 34265657
Overview of arterial pathology related to repetitive trauma in athletes.
Menon D, Onida S, Davies AH
J Vasc Surg 2019 Aug;70(2):641-650. Epub 2019 May 18 doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.02.002. PMID: 31113722
Athlete's nodule.
Uchiyama M, Tsuboi R, Mitsuhashi Y
J Dermatol 2009 Nov;36(11):608-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2009.00718.x. PMID: 19878395
Clinical and morphological phenotype of the filamin myopathy: a study of 31 German patients.
Kley RA, Hellenbroich Y, van der Ven PF, Fürst DO, Huebner A, Bruchertseifer V, Peters SA, Heyer CM, Kirschner J, Schröder R, Fischer D, Müller K, Tolksdorf K, Eger K, Germing A, Brodherr T, Reum C, Walter MC, Lochmüller H, Ketelsen UP, Vorgerd M
Brain 2007 Dec;130(Pt 12):3250-64. doi: 10.1093/brain/awm271. PMID: 18055494
Vascular anomalies and the growth of limbs: a review.
Enjolras O, Chapot R, Merland JJ
J Pediatr Orthop B 2004 Nov;13(6):349-57. doi: 10.1097/01202412-200411000-00001. PMID: 15599224

Clinical prediction guides

Effects of the Short-Foot Exercise on Foot Alignment and Muscle Hypertrophy in Flatfoot Individuals: A Meta-Analysis.
Huang C, Chen LY, Liao YH, Masodsai K, Lin YY
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Sep 22;19(19) doi: 10.3390/ijerph191911994. PMID: 36231295Free PMC Article
Progressive overload without progressing load? The effects of load or repetition progression on muscular adaptations.
Plotkin D, Coleman M, Van Every D, Maldonado J, Oberlin D, Israetel M, Feather J, Alto A, Vigotsky AD, Schoenfeld BJ
PeerJ 2022;10:e14142. Epub 2022 Sep 30 doi: 10.7717/peerj.14142. PMID: 36199287Free PMC Article
Muscle Failure Promotes Greater Muscle Hypertrophy in Low-Load but Not in High-Load Resistance Training.
Lasevicius T, Schoenfeld BJ, Silva-Batista C, Barros TS, Aihara AY, Brendon H, Longo AR, Tricoli V, Peres BA, Teixeira EL
J Strength Cond Res 2022 Feb 1;36(2):346-351. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003454. PMID: 31895290
Rest-pause and drop-set training elicit similar strength and hypertrophy adaptations compared with traditional sets in resistance-trained males.
Enes A, Alves RC, Schoenfeld BJ, Oneda G, Perin SC, Trindade TB, Prestes J, Souza-Junior TP
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021 Nov;46(11):1417-1424. Epub 2021 Jul 14 doi: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0278. PMID: 34260860
Different Foot Positioning During Calf Training to Induce Portion-Specific Gastrocnemius Muscle Hypertrophy.
Nunes JP, Costa BDV, Kassiano W, Kunevaliki G, Castro-E-Souza P, Rodacki ALF, Fortes LS, Cyrino ES
J Strength Cond Res 2020 Aug;34(8):2347-2351. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003674. PMID: 32735428

Recent systematic reviews

Efficacy of Split Versus Full-Body Resistance Training on Strength and Muscle Growth: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.
Ramos-Campo DJ, Benito-Peinado PJ, Andreu-Caravaca L, Rojo-Tirado MA, Rubio-Arias JÁ
J Strength Cond Res 2024 Jul 1;38(7):1330-1340. Epub 2024 Apr 9 doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004774. PMID: 38595233
Diagnostic imaging in lipedema: A systematic review.
van la Parra RFD, Deconinck C, Krug B
Obes Rev 2024 Jan;25(1):e13648. Epub 2023 Oct 3 doi: 10.1111/obr.13648. PMID: 37789512
Effects of range of motion on resistance training adaptations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Pallarés JG, Hernández-Belmonte A, Martínez-Cava A, Vetrovsky T, Steffl M, Courel-Ibáñez J
Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021 Oct;31(10):1866-1881. Epub 2021 Jul 5 doi: 10.1111/sms.14006. PMID: 34170576
How many times per week should a muscle be trained to maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of resistance training frequency.
Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Krieger J
J Sports Sci 2019 Jun;37(11):1286-1295. Epub 2018 Dec 17 doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1555906. PMID: 30558493
Subungual exostosis of the toes: a systematic review.
DaCambra MP, Gupta SK, Ferri-de-Barros F
Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014 Apr;472(4):1251-9. Epub 2013 Oct 22 doi: 10.1007/s11999-013-3345-4. PMID: 24146360Free PMC Article

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