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Abnormal fifth toe morphology

MedGen UID:: 869478
•Concept ID:: C4023905
•: Anatomical Abnormality

Synonyms:	Abnormal 5th toe morphology; Abnormality of the 5th toe; Abnormality of the little toe; Abnormality of the pinkie toe; Abnormality of the pinky toe

HPO:	HP:0010322

Definition

An anomaly of the little toe. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVAbnormal fifth toe morphology

Phenotypic abnormality
- Abnormality of limbs
  - Abnormality of limb bone
    - Abnormal limb bone morphology
      - Abnormal digit morphology
        Abnormal toe morphology
        Abnormal fifth toe morphology
        Abnormality of the epiphyses of the 5th toe
        Abnormality of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Absent epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Bracket epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Cone-shaped epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Enlarged epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Fragmentation of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Irregular epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Ivory epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Pseudoepiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Small epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Stippling of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Triangular epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Abnormality of the epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Absent epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Bracket epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Cone-shaped epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Enlarged epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Fragmentation of the epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Irregular epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Ivory epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Pseudoepiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Small epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Stippling of the epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Triangular epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Abnormality of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Absent epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Bracket epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Cone-shaped epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Enlarged epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Fragmentation of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Irregular epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Ivory epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Pseudoepiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Small epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Stippling of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Triangular epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Absent epiphyses of the 5th toe
        Bracket epiphyses of the 5th toe
        Cone-shaped epiphyses of the 5th toe
        Enlarged epiphyses of the 5th toe
        Fragmentation of the epiphyses of the 5th toe
        Irregular epiphyses of the 5th toe
        Ivory epiphyses of the 5th toe
        Pseudoepiphyses of the 5th toe
        Small epiphyses of the 5th toe
        Stippling of the epiphyses of the 5th toe
        Triangular epiphyses of the 5th toe
        Abnormality of the phalanges of the 5th toe
        Abnormal morphology of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Aplasia/hypoplasia of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Broad proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Curved proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Duplication of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Abnormality of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Broad middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Curved middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Duplication of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the phalanges of the 5th toe
        Broad phalanges of the 5th toe
        Bullet-shaped 5th toe phalanx
        Bullet-shaped distal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Bullet-shaped middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Bullet-shaped proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Curved 5th toe phalanx
        Duplication of the phalanges of the 5th toe
        Osteolytic defects of the phalanges of the 5th toe
        Osteolytic defects of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Osteolytic defects of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe
        Osteolytic defects of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Triangular shaped phalanges of the 5th toe
        Triangular shaped distal phalanx of the 5th toe
        Broad 5th toe
        Flexion contracture of the 5th toe
        Contracture of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the 5th toe
        Contractures of the distal interphalangeal joint of the 5th toe
        Contractures of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 5th toe

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. A thirty-year follow-up note.

Cooper DM, Dietz FR
J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995 Oct;77(10):1477-89. doi: 10.2106/00004623-199510000-00002. PMID: 7593056

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Recent clinical studies

Etiology

The incidence of biphalangeal fifth toe: Comparison of normal population and patients with foot deformity.

Ucpunar H, Camurcu Y, Ozcan C, Buyuk AF, Tas SK, Cobden A
J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2019 Jan-Apr;27(1):2309499019825521. doi: 10.1177/2309499019825521. PMID: 30798769

Polydactyly, postaxial, type B.

Holmes LB, Nasri H, Hunt AT, Toufaily MH, Westgate MN
Birth Defects Res 2018 Jan;110(2):134-141. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1184. PMID: 29377639

Biphalangeal/triphalangeal fifth toe and impact in the pathology of the fifth ray.

Gallart J, González D, Valero J, Deus J, Serrano P, Lahoz M
BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014 Sep 5;15:295. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-295. PMID: 25192734 Free PMC Article

Biphalangeal fifth toe.

Dereymaeker G, van der Broek C
Foot Ankle Int 2006 Nov;27(11):948-51. doi: 10.1177/107110070602701114. PMID: 17144958

Ulnar polydactyly.

Rayan GM, Frey B
Plast Reconstr Surg 2001 May;107(6):1449-54; discussion 1455-7. doi: 10.1097/00006534-200105000-00021. PMID: 11335816

See all (39)

Diagnosis

Brachymetatarsia: A Classification for Surgical Treatment.

Lamm BM, Lamm TB
J Foot Ankle Surg 2023 Jan-Feb;62(1):132-149. Epub 2022 Jun 11 doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2022.06.002. PMID: 35817705

Hypothesis: Symbrachydactyly.

Holmes LB, Nasri HZ
Am J Med Genet A 2022 Nov;188(11):3236-3241. Epub 2022 Sep 8 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62941. PMID: 36073773

The incidence of biphalangeal fifth toe: Comparison of normal population and patients with foot deformity.

Ucpunar H, Camurcu Y, Ozcan C, Buyuk AF, Tas SK, Cobden A
J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2019 Jan-Apr;27(1):2309499019825521. doi: 10.1177/2309499019825521. PMID: 30798769

Biphalangeal fifth toe.

Dereymaeker G, van der Broek C
Foot Ankle Int 2006 Nov;27(11):948-51. doi: 10.1177/107110070602701114. PMID: 17144958

Brachymorphism-onychodysplasia-dysphalangism syndrome.

Verloes A, Bonneau D, Guidi O, Berthier M, Oriot D, Van Maldergem L, Koulischer L
J Med Genet 1993 Feb;30(2):158-61. doi: 10.1136/jmg.30.2.158. PMID: 8445623 Free PMC Article

See all (58)

Therapy

Thompson and Hamilton type IV Freiberg's disease with involvement of multiple epiphyses of both feet.

Lui TH
BMJ Case Rep 2015 Feb 26;2015 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2014-206909. PMID: 25721826 Free PMC Article

Acral lesions in tuberous sclerosis complex: insights into pathogenesis.

Aldrich CS, Hong CH, Groves L, Olsen C, Moss J, Darling TN
J Am Acad Dermatol 2010 Aug;63(2):244-51. Epub 2010 May 11 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.08.042. PMID: 20462663 Free PMC Article

Periungual lesions in pyoderma gangrenosum.

Reich A, Maj J, Cisło M, Szepietowski JC
Clin Exp Dermatol 2009 Jul;34(5):e81-4. Epub 2009 May 5 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03209.x. PMID: 19438552

Rewarming index of the lower leg assessed by infrared thermography in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Zotter H, Kerbl R, Gallistl S, Nitsche H, Borkenstein M
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2003 Dec;16(9):1257-62. doi: 10.1515/jpem.2003.16.9.1257. PMID: 14714748

Zanoli's procedure for overlapping fifth toe: retrospective study of 18 cases followed for 4-17 years.

de Palma L, Zanoli G
Acta Orthop Scand 1998 Oct;69(5):505-7. doi: 10.3109/17453679808997787. PMID: 9855233

See all (11)

Prognosis

The incidence of biphalangeal fifth toe: Comparison of normal population and patients with foot deformity.

Ucpunar H, Camurcu Y, Ozcan C, Buyuk AF, Tas SK, Cobden A
J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2019 Jan-Apr;27(1):2309499019825521. doi: 10.1177/2309499019825521. PMID: 30798769

ANKRD11 variants cause variable clinical features associated with KBG syndrome and Coffin-Siris-like syndrome.

Miyatake S, Okamoto N, Stark Z, Nabetani M, Tsurusaki Y, Nakashima M, Miyake N, Mizuguchi T, Ohtake A, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N
J Hum Genet 2017 Aug;62(8):741-746. Epub 2017 Mar 2 doi: 10.1038/jhg.2017.24. PMID: 28250421 Free PMC Article

Characterization of limb differences in children with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome.

Mehta D, Vergano SA, Deardorff M, Aggarwal S, Barot A, Johnson DM, Miller NF, Noon SE, Kaur M, Jackson L, Krantz ID
Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2016 Jun;172(2):155-62. Epub 2016 Apr 27 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31498. PMID: 27120260

Limb skeletal malformations - what the HOX is going on?

Brison N, Tylzanowski P, Debeer P
Eur J Med Genet 2012 Jan;55(1):1-7. Epub 2011 Jul 2 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.06.003. PMID: 21782042

Macrodactyly of the foot.

Chang CH, Kumar SJ, Riddle EC, Glutting J
J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002 Jul;84(7):1189-94. doi: 10.2106/00004623-200207000-00015. PMID: 12107320

See all (26)

Clinical prediction guides

Examination of Postoperative Outcomes Using Morphological and X-Ray Classifications and Selection of the Toe to Be Excised in Postaxial Polydactyly of the Foot.

Saijo H, Yoshimoto H, Kashiyama K, Imamura Y, Iwao A, Tanaka K
J Foot Ankle Surg 2022 May-Jun;61(3):621-626. Epub 2021 Oct 28 doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2021.10.025. PMID: 34802909

Aesthetic and Anatomic Reconstruction of Polysyndactyly of the Fifth Toe Fused With the Fourth Toe.

Chen W, Chen L, Huang W, Tian X
Ann Plast Surg 2021 Mar 1;86(3):323-328. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000002437. PMID: 32568755

The incidence of biphalangeal fifth toe: Comparison of normal population and patients with foot deformity.

Ucpunar H, Camurcu Y, Ozcan C, Buyuk AF, Tas SK, Cobden A
J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2019 Jan-Apr;27(1):2309499019825521. doi: 10.1177/2309499019825521. PMID: 30798769

Biphalangeal/triphalangeal fifth toe and impact in the pathology of the fifth ray.

Gallart J, González D, Valero J, Deus J, Serrano P, Lahoz M
BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014 Sep 5;15:295. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-295. PMID: 25192734 Free PMC Article

Limb skeletal malformations - what the HOX is going on?

Brison N, Tylzanowski P, Debeer P
Eur J Med Genet 2012 Jan;55(1):1-7. Epub 2011 Jul 2 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.06.003. PMID: 21782042

See all (33)

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Abnormal fifth toe morphology

Definition

Term Hierarchy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Diagnosis

Therapy

Prognosis

Clinical prediction guides

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

Clinical resources

Practice guidelines

Consumer resources

Reviews

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