Immunodeficiency-116 (IMD116) is an autosomal recessive immunologic disorder characterized by the onset of recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infancy or early childhood. Laboratory studies show absence of CD8+ T cells, whereas other lymphocyte numbers and immunoglobulin levels are normal (Dumontet et al., 2015).

ZAP70-related combined immunodeficiency (ZAP70-related CID) is a cell-mediated immunodeficiency caused by abnormal T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Affected children usually present in the first year of life with recurrent bacterial, viral, and opportunistic infections, diarrhea, and failure to thrive. Severe lower-respiratory infections and oral candidiasis are common. Affected children usually do not survive past their second year without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).