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Abnormal scrotum morphology

MedGen UID:
871397
•Concept ID:
C4025895
•
Anatomical Abnormality
Synonym: Abnormality of the scrotum
 
HPO: HP:0000045

Definition

Any structural abnormality of the scrotum, i.e., the sac that contains the testes, epididymis, and the lower part of the spermatic cord. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Genetics of cryptorchidism and testicular regression.
Elamo HP, Virtanen HE, Toppari J
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022 Jan;36(1):101619. Epub 2022 Feb 4 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2022.101619. PMID: 35193821
Standing Ultrasound Adds Clinical Utility for the Diagnosis of Varicoceles.
Punjani N, Wald G, Al-Hussein Alawamlh O, Dudley V, Goldstein M
J Urol 2021 Oct;206(4):1001-1008. Epub 2021 May 25 doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000001877. PMID: 34032502
Impalpable Testis: Evaluation of Diagnostic and Treatment Procedures and Our Treatment Protocol.
Fratrić I, Šarac D, Antić J, Đermanov M, Jokić R
Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:3143412. Epub 2018 Jul 17 doi: 10.1155/2018/3143412. PMID: 30112376Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Cryptorchidism and puberty.
Rodprasert W, Virtanen HE, Toppari J
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024;15:1347435. Epub 2024 Mar 12 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1347435. PMID: 38532895Free PMC Article
Cryptorchidism --disease or symptom?
Toppari J, Rodprasert W, Virtanen HE
Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2014 May;75(2):72-6. Epub 2014 Apr 29 doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2014.04.010. PMID: 24786701
Androgen insensitivity syndrome.
Hughes IA, Werner R, Bunch T, Hiort O
Semin Reprod Med 2012 Oct;30(5):432-42. Epub 2012 Oct 8 doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1324728. PMID: 23044881
Cryptorchidism.
Hutson JM, Balic A, Nation T, Southwell B
Semin Pediatr Surg 2010 Aug;19(3):215-24. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2010.04.001. PMID: 20610195
Maldescendus testis.
Toppari J, Kaleva M
Horm Res 1999 Dec;51(6):261-9. doi: 10.1159/000023412. PMID: 10640886

Diagnosis

Accessory Scrotum.
Fitouri F, Chebil N, Ben Ammar S, Sahli S, Hamzaoui M
Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2020 Feb;39(1):90-91. Epub 2019 Jun 19 doi: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1629133. PMID: 31215294
Pediatric scrotal ultrasound: review and update.
Alkhori NA, Barth RA
Pediatr Radiol 2017 Aug;47(9):1125-1133. Epub 2017 Aug 4 doi: 10.1007/s00247-017-3923-9. PMID: 28779199
Sonography of the scrotum: from appendages to scrotolithiasis.
Rafailidis V, Apostolou D, Charsoula A, Rafailidis D
J Ultrasound Med 2015 Mar;34(3):507-18. doi: 10.7863/ultra.34.3.507. PMID: 25715371
The varicocele.
Masson P, Brannigan RE
Urol Clin North Am 2014 Feb;41(1):129-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2013.08.001. PMID: 24286772
Benign intrascrotal lesions.
Rubenstein RA, Dogra VS, Seftel AD, Resnick MI
J Urol 2004 May;171(5):1765-72. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000123083.98845.88. PMID: 15076274

Therapy

Scrotoschisis: a case report.
Sidibe S, Coulibaly M, Ghazwani S
J Med Case Rep 2017 Sep 13;11(1):259. doi: 10.1186/s13256-017-1427-8. PMID: 28899421Free PMC Article
Cryptorchidism --disease or symptom?
Toppari J, Rodprasert W, Virtanen HE
Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2014 May;75(2):72-6. Epub 2014 Apr 29 doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2014.04.010. PMID: 24786701
Environmental factors and testicular function.
Giwercman A, Giwercman YL
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011 Apr;25(2):391-402. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2010.09.011. PMID: 21397206
Maldescendus testis.
Toppari J, Kaleva M
Horm Res 1999 Dec;51(6):261-9. doi: 10.1159/000023412. PMID: 10640886
Occupational heat exposure and male fertility: a review.
Thonneau P, Bujan L, Multigner L, Mieusset R
Hum Reprod 1998 Aug;13(8):2122-5. doi: 10.1093/humrep/13.8.2122. PMID: 9756281

Prognosis

Ectopias of the kidney, urinary tract organs, and male genitalia.
Mikuz G
Pathologe 2019 Jun;40(Suppl 1):1-8. doi: 10.1007/s00292-018-0505-z. PMID: 30446779
Cryptorchidism.
Hutson JM, Balic A, Nation T, Southwell B
Semin Pediatr Surg 2010 Aug;19(3):215-24. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2010.04.001. PMID: 20610195
Hypospadias: an update.
Leung AK, Robson WL
Asian J Androl 2007 Jan;9(1):16-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2007.00243.x. PMID: 17187155
Maldescendus testis.
Toppari J, Kaleva M
Horm Res 1999 Dec;51(6):261-9. doi: 10.1159/000023412. PMID: 10640886
The retractile testis.
Wyllie GG
Med J Aust 1984 Mar 31;140(7):403-5. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb108099.x. PMID: 6142410

Clinical prediction guides

Accessory Scrotum.
Fitouri F, Chebil N, Ben Ammar S, Sahli S, Hamzaoui M
Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2020 Feb;39(1):90-91. Epub 2019 Jun 19 doi: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1629133. PMID: 31215294
The regulation of testicular descent and the effects of cryptorchidism.
Hutson JM, Southwell BR, Li R, Lie G, Ismail K, Harisis G, Chen N
Endocr Rev 2013 Oct;34(5):725-52. Epub 2013 May 10 doi: 10.1210/er.2012-1089. PMID: 23666148
Environmental factors and testicular function.
Giwercman A, Giwercman YL
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011 Apr;25(2):391-402. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2010.09.011. PMID: 21397206
Cryptorchidism.
Hutson JM, Balic A, Nation T, Southwell B
Semin Pediatr Surg 2010 Aug;19(3):215-24. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2010.04.001. PMID: 20610195
Maldescendus testis.
Toppari J, Kaleva M
Horm Res 1999 Dec;51(6):261-9. doi: 10.1159/000023412. PMID: 10640886

Recent systematic reviews

Adrenal ectopy of adult groin region: a systematic review of an unexpected anatomopathologic diagnosis.
Senescende L, Bitolog PL, Auberger E, Zarzavadjian Le Bian A, Cesaretti M
Hernia 2016 Dec;20(6):879-885. Epub 2016 Sep 6 doi: 10.1007/s10029-016-1535-1. PMID: 27601037

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