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Exanthem

MedGen UID:
8732
•Concept ID:
C0015230
•
Finding; Sign or Symptom
Synonyms: Exanthema; Rash; Rash, Skin; Skin Rash
 
HPO: HP:4000054
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0006547

Definition

A widespread rash. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Part II diagnosis and management.
Wei BM, Fox LP, Kaffenberger BH, Korman AM, Micheletti RG, Mostaghimi A, Noe MH, Rosenbach M, Shinkai K, Kwah JH, Phillips EJ, Bolognia JL, Damsky W, Nelson CA
J Am Acad Dermatol 2024 May;90(5):911-926. Epub 2023 Jul 28 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.02.073. PMID: 37516356
Management and treatment outcome of DRESS patients in Europe: An international multicentre retrospective study of 141 cases.
Kridin K, Brüggen MC, Walsh S, Bensaid B, Ranki A, Oppel E, Meyersburg D, Chua SL, Seeli C, Sandberg H, French LE, Vorobyev A, Ingen-Housz-Oro S
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023 Apr;37(4):753-762. Epub 2022 Dec 19 doi: 10.1111/jdv.18808. PMID: 36479739
Recognition and treatment of devastating vasculopathic systemic disorders: Coronavirus disease 2019 and rickettsioses.
Mittal A, Elias ML, Schwartz RA, Kapila R
Dermatol Ther 2021 Jul;34(4):e14984. Epub 2021 May 29 doi: 10.1111/dth.14984. PMID: 34003557Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Part I. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinicopathological features, and prognosis.
Wei BM, Fox LP, Kaffenberger BH, Korman AM, Micheletti RG, Mostaghimi A, Noe MH, Rosenbach M, Shinkai K, Kwah JH, Phillips EJ, Bolognia JL, Damsky W, Nelson CA
J Am Acad Dermatol 2024 May;90(5):885-908. Epub 2023 Jul 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.02.072. PMID: 37516359
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Narrative Review.
Leung AKC, Lam JM, Barankin B, Leong KF, Hon KL
Recent Adv Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2022;16(2):77-95. doi: 10.2174/1570180820666221024095837. PMID: 36284392
Clinical presentation and virological assessment of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in Spain: a prospective observational cohort study.
Tarín-Vicente EJ, Alemany A, Agud-Dios M, Ubals M, Suñer C, Antón A, Arando M, Arroyo-Andrés J, Calderón-Lozano L, Casañ C, Cabrera JM, Coll P, Descalzo V, Folgueira MD, García-Pérez JN, Gil-Cruz E, González-Rodríguez B, Gutiérrez-Collar C, Hernández-Rodríguez Á, López-Roa P, de Los Ángeles Meléndez M, Montero-Menárguez J, Muñoz-Gallego I, Palencia-Pérez SI, Paredes R, Pérez-Rivilla A, Piñana M, Prat N, Ramirez A, Rivero Á, Rubio-Muñiz CA, Vall M, Acosta-Velásquez KS, Wang A, Galván-Casas C, Marks M, Ortiz-Romero PL, Mitjà O
Lancet 2022 Aug 27;400(10353):661-669. Epub 2022 Aug 8 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01436-2. PMID: 35952705Free PMC Article
Skin Manifestations Associated with COVID-19: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives.
Genovese G, Moltrasio C, Berti E, Marzano AV
Dermatology 2021;237(1):1-12. Epub 2020 Nov 24 doi: 10.1159/000512932. PMID: 33232965Free PMC Article
Paraviral exanthems.
Fölster-Holst R, Zawar VP, Chuh A
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016 Jun;14(6):601-11. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2016.1184084. PMID: 27144956

Diagnosis

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Part I. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinicopathological features, and prognosis.
Wei BM, Fox LP, Kaffenberger BH, Korman AM, Micheletti RG, Mostaghimi A, Noe MH, Rosenbach M, Shinkai K, Kwah JH, Phillips EJ, Bolognia JL, Damsky W, Nelson CA
J Am Acad Dermatol 2024 May;90(5):885-908. Epub 2023 Jul 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.02.072. PMID: 37516359
Monkeypox Virus Infections in Humans.
Elsayed S, Bondy L, Hanage WP
Clin Microbiol Rev 2022 Dec 21;35(4):e0009222. Epub 2022 Nov 14 doi: 10.1128/cmr.00092-22. PMID: 36374082Free PMC Article
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Narrative Review.
Leung AKC, Lam JM, Barankin B, Leong KF, Hon KL
Recent Adv Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2022;16(2):77-95. doi: 10.2174/1570180820666221024095837. PMID: 36284392
Clinical presentation and virological assessment of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in Spain: a prospective observational cohort study.
Tarín-Vicente EJ, Alemany A, Agud-Dios M, Ubals M, Suñer C, Antón A, Arando M, Arroyo-Andrés J, Calderón-Lozano L, Casañ C, Cabrera JM, Coll P, Descalzo V, Folgueira MD, García-Pérez JN, Gil-Cruz E, González-Rodríguez B, Gutiérrez-Collar C, Hernández-Rodríguez Á, López-Roa P, de Los Ángeles Meléndez M, Montero-Menárguez J, Muñoz-Gallego I, Palencia-Pérez SI, Paredes R, Pérez-Rivilla A, Piñana M, Prat N, Ramirez A, Rivero Á, Rubio-Muñiz CA, Vall M, Acosta-Velásquez KS, Wang A, Galván-Casas C, Marks M, Ortiz-Romero PL, Mitjà O
Lancet 2022 Aug 27;400(10353):661-669. Epub 2022 Aug 8 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01436-2. PMID: 35952705Free PMC Article
Coccidioidomycosis.
DiCaudo DJ
Semin Cutan Med Surg 2014 Sep;33(3):140-5. doi: 10.12788/j.sder.0111. PMID: 25577855

Therapy

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Part I. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinicopathological features, and prognosis.
Wei BM, Fox LP, Kaffenberger BH, Korman AM, Micheletti RG, Mostaghimi A, Noe MH, Rosenbach M, Shinkai K, Kwah JH, Phillips EJ, Bolognia JL, Damsky W, Nelson CA
J Am Acad Dermatol 2024 May;90(5):885-908. Epub 2023 Jul 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.02.072. PMID: 37516359
Paraviral exanthems.
Fölster-Holst R, Zawar VP, Chuh A
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016 Jun;14(6):601-11. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2016.1184084. PMID: 27144956
Viral Skin Diseases.
Ramdass P, Mullick S, Farber HF
Prim Care 2015 Dec;42(4):517-67. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.006. PMID: 26612372
Pityriasis rosea.
Stulberg DL, Wolfrey J
Am Fam Physician 2004 Jan 1;69(1):87-91. PMID: 14727822
Kawasaki syndrome.
Rowley AH, Shulman ST
Clin Microbiol Rev 1998 Jul;11(3):405-14. doi: 10.1128/CMR.11.3.405. PMID: 9665974Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Part I. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinicopathological features, and prognosis.
Wei BM, Fox LP, Kaffenberger BH, Korman AM, Micheletti RG, Mostaghimi A, Noe MH, Rosenbach M, Shinkai K, Kwah JH, Phillips EJ, Bolognia JL, Damsky W, Nelson CA
J Am Acad Dermatol 2024 May;90(5):885-908. Epub 2023 Jul 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.02.072. PMID: 37516359
Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19.
Wang CJ, Worswick S
Dermatol Online J 2021 Jan 15;27(1) PMID: 33560783
Paraviral exanthems.
Fölster-Holst R, Zawar VP, Chuh A
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016 Jun;14(6):601-11. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2016.1184084. PMID: 27144956
Erythema infectiosum.
Vafaie J, Schwartz RA
J Cutan Med Surg 2005 Aug;9(4):159-61. doi: 10.1007/s10227-005-0101-8. PMID: 16502203
Pityriasis rosea.
Stulberg DL, Wolfrey J
Am Fam Physician 2004 Jan 1;69(1):87-91. PMID: 14727822

Clinical prediction guides

Monkeypox: a new global health emergency with predominant dermatological manifestations.
Dogra S, Mehta H, Gupta S, Suri V
Int J Dermatol 2023 Jan;62(1):3-11. Epub 2022 Nov 21 doi: 10.1111/ijd.16504. PMID: 36411717
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Narrative Review.
Leung AKC, Lam JM, Barankin B, Leong KF, Hon KL
Recent Adv Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2022;16(2):77-95. doi: 10.2174/1570180820666221024095837. PMID: 36284392
Clinical presentation and virological assessment of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in Spain: a prospective observational cohort study.
Tarín-Vicente EJ, Alemany A, Agud-Dios M, Ubals M, Suñer C, Antón A, Arando M, Arroyo-Andrés J, Calderón-Lozano L, Casañ C, Cabrera JM, Coll P, Descalzo V, Folgueira MD, García-Pérez JN, Gil-Cruz E, González-Rodríguez B, Gutiérrez-Collar C, Hernández-Rodríguez Á, López-Roa P, de Los Ángeles Meléndez M, Montero-Menárguez J, Muñoz-Gallego I, Palencia-Pérez SI, Paredes R, Pérez-Rivilla A, Piñana M, Prat N, Ramirez A, Rivero Á, Rubio-Muñiz CA, Vall M, Acosta-Velásquez KS, Wang A, Galván-Casas C, Marks M, Ortiz-Romero PL, Mitjà O
Lancet 2022 Aug 27;400(10353):661-669. Epub 2022 Aug 8 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01436-2. PMID: 35952705Free PMC Article
Cutaneous Manifestations of COVID-19: An Evidence-Based Review.
Daneshgaran G, Dubin DP, Gould DJ
Am J Clin Dermatol 2020 Oct;21(5):627-639. doi: 10.1007/s40257-020-00558-4. PMID: 32865778Free PMC Article
Drug hypersensitivity.
Bircher AJ
Chem Immunol Allergy 2014;100:120-31. Epub 2014 May 22 doi: 10.1159/000358617. PMID: 24925392

Recent systematic reviews

Otolaryngologic manifestations among MPOX patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Shah J, Saak TM, Desai AN, Gudis DA, Cheema HA, Abuelazm M, Preciado D, Zucker J, Overdevest JB
Am J Otolaryngol 2023 Nov-Dec;44(6):103991. Epub 2023 Jul 11 doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103991. PMID: 37487464
Dermatologic manifestations of COVID-19: a comprehensive systematic review.
Mirza FN, Malik AA, Omer SB, Sethi A
Int J Dermatol 2021 Apr;60(4):418-450. Epub 2020 Nov 3 doi: 10.1111/ijd.15168. PMID: 33141443
The trend of cutaneous lesions during COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from a meta-analysis and systematic review.
Rajan M B, Kumar-M P, Bhardwaj A
Int J Dermatol 2020 Nov;59(11):1358-1370. Epub 2020 Sep 16 doi: 10.1111/ijd.15154. PMID: 32936462
Rates of cutaneous reactions to drugs.
Bigby M
Arch Dermatol 2001 Jun;137(6):765-70. PMID: 11405768

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